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Waldheim (Umm Al 'Amad)
Alonei Abba ( he, אַלּוֹנֵי אַבָּא, ''lit.'' Abba's Oaks) is a moshav shitufi, or semi-cooperative village, in northern Israel. It was founded in 1948 on the site of the historical Palestinian village of Umm el Amad, later the German Protestant Colony of Waldheim. It is located in the Lower Galilee near Bethlehem of Galilee and Alonim, in the hills east of Kiryat Tivon. Alonei Abba falls under the jurisdiction of the Jezreel Valley Regional Council. In it had a population of . History Archaeological investigations indicate that this was an industrial agricultural processing area in the Hellenistic and Roman periods. Among the remains found are Roman-period industrial oil press and a winepress, in addition to a paved path from the same era. Ottoman era Umm al-Amed ''Umm al-'Amad'' was mentioned in the Ottoman defter for the year 1555–6, as ''Mezraa'' land, (that is, cultivated land), located in the ''Nahiya'' of Tabariyya of the '' Liwa'' of Safad. The land ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Austria
Austria, , bar, Östareich officially the Republic of Austria, is a country in the southern part of Central Europe, lying in the Eastern Alps. It is a federation of nine states, one of which is the capital, Vienna, the most populous city and state. A landlocked country, Austria is bordered by Germany to the northwest, the Czech Republic to the north, Slovakia to the northeast, Hungary to the east, Slovenia and Italy to the south, and Switzerland and Liechtenstein to the west. The country occupies an area of and has a population of 9 million. Austria emerged from the remnants of the Eastern and Hungarian March at the end of the first millennium. Originally a margraviate of Bavaria, it developed into a duchy of the Holy Roman Empire in 1156 and was later made an archduchy in 1453. In the 16th century, Vienna began serving as the empire's administrative capital and Austria thus became the heartland of the Habsburg monarchy. After the dissolution of the H ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tabariyya
Tiberias ( ; he, טְבֶרְיָה, ; ar, طبريا, Ṭabariyyā) is an Israeli city on the western shore of the Sea of Galilee. A major Jewish center during Late Antiquity, it has been considered since the 16th century one of Judaism's Four Holy Cities, along with Jerusalem, Hebron, and Safed. In , it had a population of . Tiberias was founded circa 20 CE by Herod Antipas and was named after Roman emperor Tiberius. It became a major political and religious hub of the Jews in the Land of Israel after the destruction of Jerusalem and the desolation of Judea during the Jewish–Roman wars. From the time of the second through the tenth centuries CE, Tiberias was the largest Jewish city in the Galilee, and much of the Mishna and the Jerusalem Talmud were compiled there. Tiberias flourished during the early Islamic period, when it served as the capital of Jund al-Urdunn and became a multi-cultural trading center.Hirschfeld, Y. (2007). Post-Roman Tiberias: between East and West. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Prussian Union Of Churches
The Prussian Union of Churches (known under Prussian Union of churches#Status and official names, multiple other names) was a major Protestant Landeskirche, church body which emerged in 1817 from a series of decrees by Frederick William III of Prussia that united both Lutheran and Continental Reformed church, Reformed denominations in Kingdom of Prussia, Prussia. Although not Unionskirche, Idstein, the first of its kind, the Prussian Union was the first to occur in a major German state. It became the biggest independent religious organization in the German Empire and later Weimar Republic, Weimar Germany, with about 18 million parishioners. The church underwent two Schism (religion), schisms (one permanent since the 1830s, one temporary 1934–1948), due to changes in governments and their policies. After being the favoured state church of Prussia in the 19th century, it suffered interference and oppression at several times in the 20th century, including the persecution of many p ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Muslim
Muslims ( ar, المسلمون, , ) are people who adhere to Islam, a monotheistic religion belonging to the Abrahamic tradition. They consider the Quran, the foundational religious text of Islam, to be the verbatim word of the God of Abraham (or '' Allah'') as it was revealed to Muhammad, the main Islamic prophet. The majority of Muslims also follow the teachings and practices of Muhammad ('' sunnah'') as recorded in traditional accounts (''hadith''). With an estimated population of almost 1.9 billion followers as of 2020 year estimation, Muslims comprise more than 24.9% of the world's total population. In descending order, the percentage of people who identify as Muslims on each continental landmass stands at: 45% of Africa, 25% of Asia and Oceania (collectively), 6% of Europe, and 1% of the Americas. Additionally, in subdivided geographical regions, the figure stands at: 91% of the Middle East–North Africa, 90% of Central Asia, 65% of the Caucasus, 42% of Southeast As ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Palestine Exploration Fund
The Palestine Exploration Fund is a British society based in London. It was founded in 1865, shortly after the completion of the Ordnance Survey of Jerusalem, and is the oldest known organization in the world created specifically for the study of the Levant region, also known as Palestine. Often simply known as the PEF, its initial objective was to carry out surveys of the topography and ethnography of Ottoman Palestine – producing the PEF Survey of Palestine – with a remit that fell somewhere between an expeditionary survey and military intelligence gathering. It had a complex relationship with Corps of Royal Engineers, and its members sent back reports on the need to salvage and modernise the region.Ilan Pappé (2004) A history of modern Palestine: one land, two peoples Cambridge University Press, pp 34-35 History Following the completion of the Ordnance Survey of Jerusalem, the Biblical archaeologists and clergymen who supported the survey financed the creation of t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Victor Guérin
Victor Guérin (15 September 1821 – 21 Septembe 1890) was a French intellectual, explorer and amateur archaeologist. He published books describing the geography, archeology and history of the areas he explored, which included Greece, Asia Minor, North Africa, Lebanon, Syria and Palestine. Biography Guérin, a devout Catholic, graduated from the ''École normale supérieure'' in Paris in 1840. After graduation, he began working as a teacher of rhetoric and member of faculty in various colleges and high schools in France, then in Algeria in 1850, and 1852 he became a member of the French School of Athens. While exploring Samos, he identified the spring that feeds the Tunnel of Eupalinos and the beginnings of the channel. His doctoral thesis of 1856 dealt with the coastal region of Palestine, from Khan Yunis to Mount Carmel. With the financial help of Honoré Théodoric d'Albert de Luynes he was able to explore Greece and its islands, Asia Minor, Egypt, Nubia, Tunisia, and the Le ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Feddans
A feddan ( ar, فدّان, faddān) is a unit of area used in Egypt, Sudan, Syria, and the Oman. In Classical Arabic, the word means 'a yoke of oxen', implying the area of ground that could be tilled by oxen in a certain time. In Egypt, the feddan is the only non-metric unit which remained in use following the adoption of the metric system. A feddan is divided into 24 kirat ( ar, قيراط, links=no, ''qīrāt''), with one kirat equals 175 square metres. Equivalent units 1 feddan = 24 kirat = 60 metre × 70 metre = 4200 square metres (m²) = 0.420 hectares = 1.037 acres In Syria, the feddan ranges from 2295 square metres (m²) to 3443 square metres (m²). See also *Acre *Dunam A dunam ( Ottoman Turkish, Arabic: ; tr, dönüm; he, דונם), also known as a donum or dunum and as the old, Turkish, or Ottoman stremma, was the Ottoman unit of area equivalent to the Greek stremma or English acre, representing the amount ... References {{Reflist Units of area Science and te ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Shefa-ʻAmr
Shefa-Amr, also Shfar'am ( ar, شفاعمرو, Šafāʻamr, he, שְׁפַרְעָם, Šəfarʻam) is an Arab citizens of Israel, Arab city in the Northern District (Israel), Northern District of Israel. In it had a population of , with a Sunni Islam, Sunni Muslim majority and large Arab Christians, Christian Arab and Druze in Israel, Druze minorities. Etymology Edward Henry Palmer, Palmer writes that the name meant: "The margin or edge of 'Amr. Locally and erroneously supposed to mean the healing of 'Amer (Zahir al-Umar, ed Dhaher)" History Ancient period Walls, installations and pottery sherds from the Bronze Age#Near East timeline, Early Bronze Age IB and the Bronze Age#Near East timeline, Middle Bronze Age IIB, Ancient Near East#Iron Age, Iron, Hellenistic period, Hellenistic and Roman Empire, Roman periods have been excavated at Shefa-ʻAmr. Shefa-Amr is first mentioned under the name ''Shefar'am'' ( he, שפרעם) in the Tosefta (Tractate Mikvaot 6:1), followed by the T ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
PEF Survey Of Palestine
The PEF Survey of Palestine was a series of surveys carried out by the Palestine Exploration Fund (PEF) between 1872 and 1877 for the Survey of Western Palestine and in 1880 for the Survey of Eastern Palestine. The survey was carried out after the success of the Ordnance Survey of Jerusalem by the newly-founded PEF, with support from the War Office. Twenty-six sheets were produced for "Western Palestine" and one sheet for "Eastern Palestine". It was the first fully scientific mapping of Palestine. Besides being a geographic survey the group collected thousands of place names with the objective of identifying Biblical, Talmudic, early Christian and Crusading locations. The survey resulted in the publication of a map of Palestine consisting of 26 sheets, at a scale of 1:63,360, the most detailed and accurate map of Palestine published in the 19th century. The PEF survey represented the peak of the cartographic work in Palestine in the nineteenth century. Although the holiness of Pa ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pierre Jacotin
Pierre Jacotin (1765–1827) was the director of the survey for the ''Carte de l'Égypte (Description de l'Égypte)'', the first triangulation-based map of Egypt, Syria and Palestine. The maps were surveyed in 1799-1800 during the campaign in Egypt and Palestine of Napoleon. After his return from Egypt, Jacotin worked on preparing the plates for publication, but in 1808 Napoleon formally made them state secrets and forbade publication. This was apparently connected with Napoleon's efforts at the time to establish an alliance with the Ottomans. It was not until 1828-30 that the engraved plates could be published.Khatib, 2003, p211/ref> References Bibliography * Further reference * * * (Pierre Jacotin: pp437652, “Syria”: pp594609 ) External links * Jacotin maps at the David Rumsey Historical Map Collection The David Rumsey Historical Map Collection is a large private map collection with over 150,000 maps and cartographic items. The collection was created by David ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Carte De L'Égypte (Description De L'Égypte)
The ''Carte de l'Égypte'' ( en, Map of Egypt), from the ''Description de l'Égypte'', was the first triangulation-based map of Egypt, Syria and Palestine. The mapmaking expedition was led by Pierre Jacotin. It was used as the basis for many most maps of the region for much of the nineteenth century. It was originally prepared during the 1799-1800 French campaign in Egypt and Syria. Despite the maps being dated 1818 and 1826, they were not published until 1828–30.Khatib, 2003, p211/ref> The maps can be seen in detail at Wikimedia Commons: Carte topographique de l’Égypte. Editions and related documents * First edition: * Second edition: * MemoirMémoire sur la construction de la carte de l'Egypte par M. Jacotin* Supplementary tablesJacotin, M.: Tableau de la superficie de l'Égypte* Maps of Palestine - Files 43-47 File:Gaza (NYPL b14212718-1534508).jpg, 43: Gaza File:Description de l'Egypte - Atlas -Flle 44.jpg, 44: Jerusalem and Jaffa File:Description de l'Egypte - ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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