Vikrantavarman III
Vikrāntavarman III was a king of Champa, reigning from 817 to around 854. Vikrantavarman was a son of king Harivarman I (r. 802–817). In 813 he was appointed by his father position ruler (Adhipati) of Pāṇḍuraṅga Principality (Phan Rang), and became king of mandala Champa in 817. He performed rituals and presented gifts (rice fields) dedicating for the temple of Śiva, worshipped under the names of Vikrāntarudreśvara and Vikrāndevādhibhadreśvara in the Po Nagar temple, praising the king's ancestors. His inscriptions are typically very short. Nothing more is known about him. A inscription dating from 829 AD in Bakul, Ninh Thuận mentions shrines built for worship Śiva and the Buddha, as they correspondingly forming the basis of local beliefs. Suddenly, from 854 all southern inscriptions had vanished for unknown reasons. There was a 20-years break between year 854 and year 875. By 875, information again popped up in the Thu Bon River Thu and variations may refer ...
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Phan Rang
Phan may refer to: * Phan (surname), a Vietnamese family name * Phan District, Chiang Rai Province, Thailand * Phan River, Bình Thuận Province, Vietnam * Phan (tray) Phan ( th, พาน, ) is an artistically decorated tray with pedestal. It is common in Thailand, Cambodia, and Laos. Description A phan is normally round and comes in different sizes. The usual measures range between a diameter of 20 cm t ...

King Of Champa
King of Champa is the title ruler of Champa. Champa rulers often use two Hinduist style titles: ''raja-di-raja'' ( " king of kings"; written here in Devanagari since the Cham used their own Cham script) or ''po-tana-raya'' ("lord of all territories"). The regnal name of the Champa rulers originated from the Hindu tradition, often consisting of titles and aliases. Titles (prefix) like: Jaya ( "victory"), Maha ( "great"), Sri ( "glory"). Aliases (stem) like: Bhadravarman, Vikrantavarman, Rudravarman, Simhavarman, Indravarman, Paramesvaravarman, Harivarman... Among them, the suffix -varman belongs to the Kshatriya class and is only for those leaders of the Champa Alliance. The last king of Champa was deposed by Minh Mạng in 1832.Quốc sử quán triều Nguyễn, Cao Xuân Dục (chủ biên) ''Quốc triều chánh biên toát yếu'', 1908, quyển III, trang 81. List of kings of Champa Lâm Ấp (Linyi) Chiêm Thành (Zhancheng) Panduranga See also * History of Cham ...
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Harivarman I
Harivarman I was the king of Champa from around 802 to 817. During the period from 758 to 859 AD, mandala Champa was collectively called as Huánwáng by the Chinese, which obviously was not the proper name of Champa. Harivarman was the brother-in-law of king Indravarman I (r. 787–801), a pacifist king. He came to power in 802. From 813 to 817, he and the military commanders Senäpati Panroe and Senäpati Pamr constructed the temple of Po Nagar in Nha Trang, three kalan at Hòa Lai ( Thuận Bắc, Ninh Thuận), near Phan Rang (Panrang), former Pāṇḍuraṅga. These three towers were built entirely by reddish bricks, having been abandoned for a long time and are still in good preserving conditions. This Cham realistic architecture school is dubbed as "Hòa Lai style", and the remains at Pô Dam ( Tuy Phong, Bình Thuận), Mỹ Sơn A'1, A'2 and F3 also belong to this style. Under Harivarman, the first Cham script inscriptions were engraved, gradually replacing Sanskrit. ...
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Indravarman II (Champa)
Indravarman II (Sanskrit: जय इंद्रवर्मन; ? - 893) was the king of Champa from 854 to 893 and the founder of Champa's Sixth dynasty. Reign During his reign, relations between Champa and China was restored. Chinese historians begin referring Champa by ''Chang-cheng'' or the city of Cham in its Sanskrit form. He founded a new capital, Indrapura in modern-day Quang Nam Province. Indravarman claimed himself to be a master that had been enlightened after many years of meditating, not a member of any noble house or previous dynasties. He authorized the construction of Lakshmindralokeçvara temple, a Mahayana Buddhist monastery located in Dong Duong (Indrapura), southeast of Mỹ Sơn. A royal cult consecrating to Avalokiteśvara was highly promoted by the Cham elites. In 889, Khmer ruler Yasovarman I Yasovarman I ( km, ព្រះបាទយសោវរ្ម័នទី១) was an Angkorian king who reigned in 889–910 CE. He was called " Leper King". ...
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Champa
Champa (Cham: ꨌꩌꨛꨩ; km, ចាម្ប៉ា; vi, Chiêm Thành or ) were a collection of independent Cham polities that extended across the coast of what is contemporary central and southern Vietnam from approximately the 2nd century AD until 1832, when it was annexed by the Vietnamese Empire under its emperor Minh Mạng. The kingdom was known variously as ''Nagaracampa'' ( sa, नगरचम्पः), ''Champa'' (ꨌꩌꨛꨩ) in modern Cham, and ''Châmpa'' () in the Khmer inscriptions, ''Chiêm Thành'' in Vietnamese and ''Zhànchéng'' (Mandarin: 占城) in Chinese records. The Kingdoms of Champa and the Chams contribute profound and direct impacts to the history of Vietnam, Southeast Asia, as well as their present day. Early Champa, evolved from local seafaring Austronesian Chamic Sa Huỳnh culture off the coast of modern-day Vietnam. The emergence of Champa at the late 2nd century AD shows testimony of early Southeast Asian statecrafting and crucial ...
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Shaivism
Shaivism (; sa, शैवसम्प्रदायः, Śaivasampradāyaḥ) is one of the major Hindu traditions, which worships Shiva as the Supreme Being. One of the largest Hindu denominations, it incorporates many sub-traditions ranging from devotional dualistic theism such as Shaiva Siddhanta to yoga-orientated monistic non-theism such as Kashmiri Shaivism.Ganesh Tagare (2002), The Pratyabhijñā Philosophy, Motilal Banarsidass, , pages 16–19 It considers both the Vedas and the Agama texts as important sources of theology.Mariasusai Dhavamony (1999), Hindu Spirituality, Gregorian University and Biblical Press, , pages 31–34 with footnotesMark Dyczkowski (1989), The Canon of the Śaivāgama, Motilal Banarsidass, , pages 43–44 Shaivism developed as an amalgam of pre-Vedic religions and traditions derived from the southern Tamil Shaiva Siddhanta traditions and philosophies, which were assimilated in the non-Vedic Shiva-tradition. In the process of Sanskritisa ...
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Po Nagar
Po Nagar is a Cham temple tower founded sometime before 781 and located in the medieval principality of Kauthara, near modern Nha Trang in Vietnam. It is dedicated to Yan Po Nagar, the goddess of the country, who came to be identified with the Hindu goddesses Bhagavati and Mahishasuramardini, and who in Vietnamese is called Thiên Y Thánh Mẫu. History A stele dated 781 indicates that the Cham King Satyavarman regained power in the area of "Ha-Ra Bridge", and that he restored the devastated temple. From this inscription can be deduced that the area previously had come under temporary foreign dominion, and that foreign vandals had damaged the already existing temple. Other steles indicate that the temple had contained a mukhalinga decorated with jewelry and resembling an angel's head. Foreign robbers, perhaps from Java, "men living on food more horrible than cadavers, frightful, completely black and gaunt, dreadful and evil as death" had arrived in ships, had stolen the jewe ...
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Thu Bon River
Thu and variations may refer to: * Thursday * Thu (surname), the Gan romanization of the Chinese surname Su * Thu (pronoun) or Þu, an Old English pronoun * Thû, an early name for Sauron in J.R.R. Tolkien's works * Thu, Palpa, a village development committee in Nepal * ''Thu.'', abbreviation for the orchid genus ''Thunia'' * Thu, a dog belonging to the Claidi and Argul in ''The Claidi Journals'' by Tanith Lee * Tsinghua University in China * Tunghai University, a university in Taichung, Taiwan * Thule Air Base (IATA airport code) * Thư, the Vietnamese romanization of the Chinese surname Shu (surname) Shu () is a Chinese surname. It is 43rd in the Hundred Family Surnames, contained in the verse 熊紀舒屈 ( Xiong, Ji, Shu, Qu). Šumuru sinicized their clan name to the Chinese surnames ''Shu'' (舒), '' Xu'' (徐) or '' Xiao'' (蕭) after the ...