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Ulmus × Intermedia
''Ulmus × intermedia'' Elowsky is a natural hybrid elm occurring across Nebraska and several other Midwestern states, derived from the crossing of ''Ulmus rubra'' and ''Ulmus pumila''. As Red Elm ''U. rubra'' is far less fertile, and highly susceptible to Dutch elm disease (:DED), it could eventually be hybridized out of existence by ''U. × intermedia''. Schlautman, B., Zalapa, J., & Brunet, J. (2012). Genotypic and phenotypic characterization of Ulmus pumila (Siberian elm), Ulmus rubra (Red elm) and their hybrids. ''Proc. Nebraska Acad. Sci. 2012''. 106–107. The hybrid was first reported from the wild in the Chicago region in 1950 and was provisionally named ''U.'' × ''notha'' Wilhelm & Ware in 1994. The horticulture industry made a number of artificial crosses of the two species, such as 'Coolshade' and 'Fremont', in an attempt to create ornamental trees resistant to DED. Description ''Ulmus × intermedia'' is significantly different from both parental species, exc ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hybrid (biology)
In biology, a hybrid is the offspring resulting from combining the qualities of two organisms of different breeds, varieties, species or genera through sexual reproduction. Hybrids are not always intermediates between their parents (such as in blending inheritance), but can show hybrid vigor, sometimes growing larger or taller than either parent. The concept of a hybrid is interpreted differently in animal and plant breeding, where there is interest in the individual parentage. In genetics, attention is focused on the numbers of chromosomes. In taxonomy, a key question is how closely related the parent species are. Species are reproductively isolated by strong barriers to hybridisation, which include genetic and morphological differences, differing times of fertility, mating behaviors and cues, and physiological rejection of sperm cells or the developing embryo. Some act before fertilization and others after it. Similar barriers exist in plants, with differences in flowering tim ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Leaf Shape
The following is a list of terms which are used to describe leaf morphology in the description and taxonomy of plants. Leaves may be simple (a single leaf blade or lamina) or compound (with several leaflets). The edge of the leaf may be regular or irregular, may be smooth or bearing hair, bristles or spines. For more terms describing other aspects of leaves besides their overall morphology see the leaf article. The terms listed here all are supported by technical and professional usage, but they cannot be represented as mandatory or undebatable; readers must use their judgement. Authors often use terms arbitrarily, or coin them to taste, possibly in ignorance of established terms, and it is not always clear whether because of ignorance, or personal preference, or because usages change with time or context, or because of variation between specimens, even specimens from the same plant. For example, whether to call leaves on the same tree "acuminate", "lanceolate", or "linear" could ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Plant Nothospecies
Plants are predominantly photosynthetic eukaryotes of the kingdom Plantae. Historically, the plant kingdom encompassed all living things that were not animals, and included algae and fungi; however, all current definitions of Plantae exclude the fungi and some algae, as well as the prokaryotes (the archaea and bacteria). By one definition, plants form the clade Viridiplantae (Latin name for "green plants") which is sister of the Glaucophyta, and consists of the green algae and Embryophyta (land plants). The latter includes the flowering plants, conifers and other gymnosperms, ferns and their allies, hornworts, liverworts, and mosses. Most plants are multicellular organisms. Green plants obtain most of their energy from sunlight via photosynthesis by primary chloroplasts that are derived from endosymbiosis with cyanobacteria. Their chloroplasts contain chlorophylls a and b, which gives them their green color. Some plants are parasitic or mycotrophic and have lost the ability ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ulmus
Elms are deciduous and semi-deciduous trees comprising the flowering plant genus ''Ulmus'' in the plant family Ulmaceae. They are distributed over most of the Northern Hemisphere, inhabiting the temperate and tropical-montane regions of North America and Eurasia, presently ranging southward in the Middle East to Lebanon and Israel,Flora of Israel OnlineUlmus minor Mill. , Flora of Israel Online accessdate: July 28, 2020 and across the Equator in the Far East into Indonesia.Fu, L., Xin, Y. & Whittemore, A. (2002). Ulmaceae, in Wu, Z. & Raven, P. (eds) Flora of China'', Vol. 5 (Ulmaceae through Basellaceae). Science Press, Beijing, and Missouri Botanical Garden Press, St. Louis, US. Elms are components of many kinds of natural forests. Moreover, during the 19th and early 20th centuries, many species and cultivars were also planted as ornamental street, garden, and park trees in Europe, North America, and parts of the Southern Hemisphere, notably Australasia. Some individual ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ulmus 'Hamburg'
The hybrid elm cultivar ''Ulmus'' 'Hamburg' was originally raised by the Plumfield Nurseries, Fremont, Nebraska, circa 1932, after its discovery by Mr. Lloyd Moffet in a bed of Siberian Elm ''Ulmus pumila'' seedlings from Tekamah. It was later marketed by Interstate Nurseries, Hamburg, Iowa, from 1948, as 'Interstate's New Hamburg Hybrid Elm'. Green stated that it was originally said be a hybrid of ''Ulmus pumila'' (female parent) and ''Ulmus americana'', but the Hamburg Nurseries of Iowa made no such claim for it in their catalogues from 1948 onwards. It is now considered more likely that ''Ulmus rubra'' was the male parent, as it was also known as 'Hybrid Chinese Elm', and therefore probably synonymous with Plumfield Nurseries' 'Hybrid elm' of the same date, a known crossing of ''U. pumila'' and ''U. rubra'', – and so, perhaps, also synonymous with ''Ulmus × intermedia'' 'Fremont', an elm of the same parentage found a little later in Plumfield Nurseries. An ''U. pumila'' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Morton Arboretum
The Morton Arboretum, in Lisle, Illinois, United States, is a public garden, and outdoor museum with a library, herbarium, and program in tree research including the Center for Tree Science. Its grounds, covering 1,700 acres (6.9 square kilometres), include cataloged collections of trees and other living plants, gardens, and restored areas, among which is a restored tallgrass prairie. The living collections include more than 4,100 different plant species. There are more than 200,000 cataloged plants. As a place of recreation, the Arboretum has hiking trails, roadways for driving and bicycling, a interactive children's garden and a maze. The Schulenberg Prairie at the Arboretum was one of the earliest prairie restoration projects in the Midwest, begun in 1962. It is one of the largest restored prairies in the Chicago suburban area. The Arboretum offers an extensive nature-centered education program for children, families, school groups, scouts, and adults, including tree and r ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Elm Yellows
Elm yellows is a plant disease of elm trees that is spread by leafhoppers or by root grafts."Elm Yellows." Elmcare.Com. 19 Mar. 2008 . Elm yellows, also known as elm phloem necrosis, is very aggressive, with no known cure. Elm yellows occurs in the eastern United States, and southern Ontario in Canada. It is caused by phytoplasmas which infect the phloem (inner bark) of the tree.Price, Terry. "Wilt Diseases." Forestpests.Org. 23 Mar. 2005. 19 Mar. 2008 . Similar phytoplasmas, also known confusingly as 'Elm yellows', also occur in Europe.Conti, M., D'Agostino, G., Mittembergher, L. (1987) A recent epiphytotic of elm yellows in Italy. ''Proceedings of the 7th Congress of the Mediterranean Phytopathological Union'', 208–209. Consejeria de Agricultura y Pesca de la Junta de Andalucia, Granada, Spain Infection and death of the phloem effectively girdles the tree and stops the flow of water and nutrients. The disease affects both wild-growing and cultivated trees. Importance Elms are ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Samara (fruit)
A samara (, ) is a winged achene, a type of fruit in which a flattened wing of fibrous, papery tissue develops from the ovary wall. A samara is a simple dry fruit, and is indehiscent (not opening along a seam). The shape of a samara enables the wind to carry the seed farther away from the tree than regular seeds would go, and is thus a form of anemochory. In some cases the seed is in the centre of the wing, as in the elms (genus ''Ulmus''), the hoptree (''Ptelea trifoliata''), and the bushwillows (genus ''Combretum''). In other cases the seed is on one side, with the wing extending to the other side, making the seed autorotate as it falls, as in the maples (genus '' Acer'') and ash trees (genus ''Fraxinus''). There are also single-wing samara such as mahogany (genus Swietenia) which have a shape that enables fluttering. Some species that normally produce paired samaras, such as ''Acer pseudoplatanus'', can also produce them in groups of three or four. File:TripleSycamoreS ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ulmus × Intermedia 'Fremont'
The hybrid elm cultivar ''Ulmus × intermedia'' 'Fremont' is a little-known American hybrid cultivar propagated from a tree found on the Lloyd Moffet property (formerly the Plumfield Nurseries) at Fremont, Nebraska. The hybrid is believed to have arisen from a crossing of ''Ulmus pumila'' (female parent) and one of the spring-flowering elms native to North America,Dodge, A. F. (1960). ''Woody ornamental and shelter plants for the North Central Region 1954–1959: Five year report on regional plantings of Fremont Hybrid Elm''. USDA - ARS, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, USA probably ''Ulmus rubra''. The source tree was probably an unsold specimen of the Plumfield Nurseries' "Hybrid Elm", a cross between "Chinese elm" (as ''U. pumila'' was then called) and Red elm ''U. rubra'', briefly marketed from 1942 to 1943, but not appearing in later catalogues. This hybrid may have been the same as the cultivar sourced from Plumfield Nurseries at this time as "Hybrid Chinese Elm" and l ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nebraska
Nebraska () is a state in the Midwestern region of the United States. It is bordered by South Dakota to the north; Iowa to the east and Missouri to the southeast, both across the Missouri River; Kansas to the south; Colorado to the southwest; and Wyoming to the west. It is the only triply landlocked U.S. state. Indigenous peoples, including Omaha, Missouria, Ponca, Pawnee, Otoe, and various branches of the Lakota ( Sioux) tribes, lived in the region for thousands of years before European exploration. The state is crossed by many historic trails, including that of the Lewis and Clark Expedition. Nebraska's area is just over with a population of over 1.9 million. Its capital is Lincoln, and its largest city is Omaha, which is on the Missouri River. Nebraska was admitted into the United States in 1867, two years after the end of the American Civil War. The Nebraska Legislature is unlike any other American legislature in that it is unicameral, and its members are elected ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ulmus × Intermedia 'Coolshade'
The hybrid elm cultivar ''Ulmus × intermedia'' 'Coolshade' is an American hybrid cultivar cloned from a crossing of the Slippery, or Red, Elm ''Ulmus rubra'' (female parent) and the Siberian Elm ''Ulmus pumila'' at the Sarcoxie Nurseries, Sarcoxie, Missouri, in 1946. At Arnold Arboretum, where there was a specimen, herbarium material was labelled ''Ulmus pumila'' 'Coolshade'. Description 'Coolshade' has rapid, stocky growth with a compact crown resistant to breakage under ice and snow. Its foliage is a very dark green.Bean, W. J. (1981). ''Trees and shrubs hardy in Great Britain'', 7th edition. Murray, London. There appears to be little evidence of ''Ulmus rubra'' ingression in the Arnold Arboretum 1960 leaves specimens labelled ''Ulmus pumila'' 'Coolshade', suggesting that its hybridity may have been questioned there. Pests and diseases Reputedly tolerant of Dutch elm disease Dutch elm disease (DED) is caused by a member of the sac fungi (Ascomycota) affecting elm trees, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Horticulture Industry
The horticulture industry embraces the production, processing and shipping of and the market for fruits and vegetables. As such it is a sector of agribusiness and industrialized agriculture. Industrialized horticulture sometimes also includes the floriculture industry and production and trade of ornamental plants. Among the most important fruits are: * bananas * Semi-tropical fruits like lychee, guava or tamarillo * Citrus fruits * soft fruits (berries) * Apples * stone fruits Important vegetables include: * Potatoes * Sweet potatoes * Tomatoes * Onions and * Cabbage In 2013, the global fruit production was estimated at . Global vegetable production (including melons) was estimated at with China and India being the two top producing countries. Value chain The horticultural value chain includes: * Inputs: elements needed for production; seeds, fertilizers, agrochemicals, farm equipment, irrigation equipment, GMO technology * Production for export: includes fruit and vegetabl ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
