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Uncial 0233
Uncial 0233 (in the Gregory-Aland numbering), is a Greek uncial manuscript of the New Testament. The manuscript paleographically had been assigned to the 8th-century. Description It contains a text of the four Gospels, on 93 parchment leaves (27 by 21 cm), with some lacunae. The text is written in two columns per page, 23-27 lines per page. It is a palimpsest, the upper text was written in a minuscule hand, it is a Lectionary 1684. In result the manuscript has two texts of the New Testament, and it is classified on two different lists: on the list of uncials and on the list of lectionaries. Text The Greek text of the codex is a representative of the Alexandrian text-type heavily interpolated by the Byzantine readings. Kurt Aland placed it in Category III (with the profile of 471, 232, 31/2, 5s). ; Textual variants (The words before the bracket are of UBS edition, the words after the bracket are the readings of the codex). : Matthew 2:21 – εισηλθεν ] Π... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gospel
Gospel originally meant the Christian message ("the gospel"), but in the 2nd century it came to be used also for the books in which the message was set out. In this sense a gospel can be defined as a loose-knit, episodic narrative of the words and deeds of Jesus, culminating in his trial and death and concluding with various reports of his post-resurrection appearances. Modern scholars are cautious of relying on the gospels uncritically, but nevertheless, they provide a good idea of the public career of Jesus, and critical study can attempt to distinguish the original ideas of Jesus from those of the later authors. The four canonical gospels were probably written between AD 66 and 110. All four were anonymous (with the modern names added in the 2nd century), almost certainly none were by eyewitnesses, and all are the end-products of long oral and written transmission. Mark was the first to be written, using a variety of sources. The authors of Matthew and Luke both independently ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Categories Of New Testament Manuscripts
New Testament manuscripts in Greek are categorized into five groups, according to a scheme introduced in 1981 by Kurt and Barbara Aland in ''The Text of the New Testament''. The categories are based on how each manuscript relates to the various text-types. Generally speaking, earlier Alexandrian manuscripts are category I, while later Byzantine manuscripts are category V. Aland's method involved considering 1000 passages where the Byzantine text differs from non-Byzantine text. The Alands did not select their 1000 readings from all of the NT books; for example, none were drawn from Matthew and Luke. Description of categories The Alands' categories do not simply correspond to the text-types; all they do is demonstrate the 'Byzantine-ness' of a particular text; that is, how much it is similar to the Byzantine text-type, from least (Category I) to most similar (Category V). Category V can be equated with the Byzantine text-type, but the other categories are not necessarily re ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Greek New Testament Uncials
Greek may refer to: Greece Anything of, from, or related to Greece, a country in Southern Europe: *Greeks, an ethnic group. *Greek language, a branch of the Indo-European language family. **Proto-Greek language, the assumed last common ancestor of all known varieties of Greek. **Mycenaean Greek, most ancient attested form of the language (16th to 11th centuries BC). **Ancient Greek, forms of the language used c. 1000–330 BC. **Koine Greek, common form of Greek spoken and written during Classical antiquity. **Medieval Greek or Byzantine Language, language used between the Middle Ages and the Ottoman conquest of Constantinople. **Modern Greek, varieties spoken in the modern era (from 1453 AD). *Greek alphabet, script used to write the Greek language. *Greek Orthodox Church, several Churches of the Eastern Orthodox Church. *Ancient Greece, the ancient civilization before the end of Antiquity. *Old Greek, the language as spoken from Late Antiquity to around 1500 AD. Other uses * '' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Textual Criticism
Textual criticism is a branch of textual scholarship, philology, and of literary criticism that is concerned with the identification of textual variants, or different versions, of either manuscripts or of printed books. Such texts may range in dates from the earliest writing in cuneiform, impressed on clay, for example, to multiple unpublished versions of a 21st-century author's work. Historically, scribes who were paid to copy documents may have been literate, but many were simply copyists, mimicking the shapes of letters without necessarily understanding what they meant. This means that unintentional alterations were common when copying manuscripts by hand. Intentional alterations may have been made as well, for example, the censoring of printed work for political, religious or cultural reasons. The objective of the textual critic's work is to provide a better understanding of the creation and historical transmission of the text and its variants. This understanding may lead to ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
List Of New Testament Lectionaries
A ''list'' is any set of items in a row. List or lists may also refer to: People * List (surname) Organizations * List College, an undergraduate division of the Jewish Theological Seminary of America * SC Germania List, German rugby union club Other uses * Angle of list, the leaning to either port or starboard of a ship * List (information), an ordered collection of pieces of information ** List (abstract data type), a method to organize data in computer science * List on Sylt, previously called List, the northernmost village in Germany, on the island of Sylt * ''List'', an alternative term for ''roll'' in flight dynamics * To ''list'' a building, etc., in the UK it means to designate it a listed building that may not be altered without permission * Lists (jousting), the barriers used to designate the tournament area where medieval knights jousted * ''The Book of Lists'', an American series of books with unusual lists See also * The List (other) * Listing (di ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
List Of New Testament Uncials
A New Testament uncial is a section of the New Testament in Greek or Latin majuscule letters, written on parchment or vellum. This style of writing is called ''Biblical Uncial'' or ''Biblical Majuscule''. New Testament uncials are distinct from other ancient texts based on the following differences: * New Testament papyri – written on papyrus and generally more ancient * New Testament minuscules – written in minuscule letters and generally more recent * New Testament lectionaries – usually written in minuscule (but some in uncial) letters and generally more recent * New Testament uncials – written in majuscule letters, on parchment or vellum. Classification of uncials In 1751, New Testament theologian Johann Jakob Wettstein knew of only 23 uncial codices of the New Testament. By 1859, Constantin von Tischendorf had increased that number to 64 uncials, and in 1909 Caspar René Gregory enumerated 161 uncial codices. By 1963, Kurt Aland, in his ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
University Of Münster
The University of Münster (german: Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, WWU) is a public university, public research university located in the city of Münster, North Rhine-Westphalia in Germany. With more than 43,000 students and over 120 fields of study in 15 departments, it is Germany's fifth largest university and one of the foremost centers of German intellectual life. The university offers a wide range of subjects across the sciences, social sciences and the humanities. Several courses are also taught in English, including PhD, PhD programmes as well as postgraduate courses in geoinformatics, geospational technologies or information systems. Professors and former students have won ten Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz Prize, Leibniz Prizes, the most prestigious as well as the best-funded prize in Europe, one Fields Medal and two Nobel Prize, Nobel Prizes. The WWU has also been successful in the German government's German Universities Excellence Initiative, Excellence Init ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Institute For New Testament Textual Research
The Institute for New Testament Textual Research (german: Institut für neutestamentliche Textforschung — INTF) at the University of Münster, Westphalia, Germany, is to research the textual history of the New Testament and to reconstruct its Greek initial text on the basis of the entire manuscript tradition, the early translations and patristic citations; furthermore the preparation of an '' Editio Critica Maior'' based on the entire tradition of the New Testament in Greek manuscripts, early versions and New Testament quotations in ancient Christian literature. Under Kurt Aland's supervision, the INTF collected almost the entire material that was needed. The manuscript count in 1950 was 4250, in 1983, 5460, and in 2017 approximately 5800 manuscripts. Moreover, INTF produces several more editions and a variety of tools for New Testament scholarship, including the concise editions known as the "Nestle–Aland" – ''Novum Testamentum Graece'' and the UBS Greek New Testament. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lectionary 241
Lectionary 241, designated by siglum â„“ ''241'' (in the Gregory-Aland numbering) is a Greek manuscript of the New Testament, on parchment. It is dated by a Colophon to the year 1199.''Handschriftenliste'' at the ''INTF'' Scrivener labelled it as 232evl. The manuscript is lacunose. Description The codex contains lessons from the s of , |
Minuscule 1424
Minuscule 1424 (in the Gregory-Aland numbering), δ 30 ( von Soden) is a Greek minuscule manuscript of the New Testament, written on 337 parchment leaves (28 by 18 cm). It has been dated paleographically to the 9th or 10th century). Description The codex contains the entire New Testament with only one lacuna (Matthew 1:23-2:16). The books follow in this rather strange order: Gospels, Acts, Catholic epistles, Revelation of John, Pauline epistles. The text is written in one column per page, 29-33 lines per page. The tables of the (''tables of contents'') are placed before each book, the Eusebian Canon tables, numbers of the (''chapters'') at the margin, the at the top of the pages, a division according to the Ammonian Sections, with a references to the Eusebian Canons, and the Euthalian Apparatus. There are marginal commentaries on the Gospels ( Chrystostomos), Acts and Epistles; only the Book of Revelation lacks commentaries. The Eusebian Canons presented, added by a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Family 13
Family 13, also known as the Ferrar Group (''ƒ'', von Soden calls the group I), is a group of Greek Gospel manuscripts, dating from the 11th to the 15th centuries, which share a distinctive pattern of variant readings — especially placing the parable of Jesus and the woman taken in adultery in the Gospel of Luke, rather than in John 7:53-8:11. The text of Luke 22:43-44 is placed after Matt 26:39. The text of Matthew 16:2b–3 is absent. All are thought to derive from a lost majuscule Gospel manuscript, probably from the 7th century. The group takes its name from minuscule 13, now in Paris. The group has an affinity with Syriac manuscripts, of which a notable example is Matthew 1:16, where the Ferrar group has the same reading as Curetonian Syriac. The common characteristics of Family 13 were initially identified in a group of four witnesses (minuscules 13, 69, 124, and 346); but the category has subsequently been extended, and some authorities list thirteen family members ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Family 1
Family 1 is a group of Greek Gospel manuscripts, varying in date from the 12th to the 15th century. The group takes its name from the minuscule codex 1, now in the Basel University Library, Switzerland. "Family 1" is also known as "the Lake Group", symbolized as ƒ. Textual-critic Hermann von Soden calls the group I. Textual-critic Kurt Aland lists it as Category III in the Gospels and Category V for the other books in his New Testament manuscripts list. Category III manuscripts are described as having "a small but not a negligible proportion of early readings, with a considerable encroachment of yzantinereadings, and significant readings from other sources as yet unidentified." Category V is for "Manuscripts with a purely or predominantly Byzantine text." Family 1 was discovered in 1902, when biblical scholar Kirsopp Lake (1872–1946) published ''Codex 1 of the Gospels and its Allies'', and established the existence of a new textual family. This group of manuscripts was bas ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
