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The Fourth Group
The Fourth Group ( ko, 제4집단, translit=Je Sa Jib-Dan) was a Korean avant-garde art collective that existed from June to August in 1970. Led by artist Kim Ku-lim, the group's membership was open to people hailing from diverse backgrounds. According to Kim Ku-lim, the reasoning behind the group's name was that, "By using the number 4, I attempted to break through conventions in the Korean art world as well as in Korean Society because this number carried negative nuances throughout our history." Although the artists could not express openly their anti-government sentiments under the totalitarian Park Chung Hee regime, they produced consciousness-raising art with the goal of realizing a radical utopian vision of society through nonviolent change, a philosophy they described as ''muche''. Under the guise of parodying imported art ideas of the Western avant-garde, The Fourth Group was able to stage their politically charged artwork within an oppressive society. The group's mo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Seoul
Seoul (; ; ), officially known as the Seoul Special City, is the capital and largest metropolis of South Korea.Before 1972, Seoul was the ''de jure'' capital of the Democratic People's Republic of Korea (North Korea) as stated iArticle 103 of the 1948 constitution. According to the 2020 census, Seoul has a population of 9.9 million people, and forms the heart of the Seoul Capital Area with the surrounding Incheon metropolis and Gyeonggi province. Considered to be a global city and rated as an Alpha – City by Globalization and World Cities Research Network (GaWC), Seoul was the world's fourth largest metropolitan economy in 2014, following Tokyo, New York City and Los Angeles. Seoul was rated Asia's most livable city with the second highest quality of life globally by Arcadis in 2015, with a GDP per capita (PPP) of around $40,000. With major technology hubs centered in Gangnam and Digital Media City, the Seoul Capital Area is home to the headquarters of 15 ''Fo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Chung Chan-seung
Chung Chan-seung ( Korean: 정찬승, Hanja: 鄭燦勝, 1942 – 1994), was a South Korean visual artist. He was also known as Chan S. Chung during his time in New York City. Early life and Education Chung was born in Seoul, Korea. He studied art in Hongik University’s Department of Western Painting. In 1964, while he was still a student, Chung and some of his classmates formed the artist collective Non Col (논꼴, also romanized as ''Nonggol''). Its members included Kang Kuk-jin (강국진, 1939–1992), Kim In-hwan (김인환, 1937–2011), Nam Young Hie (남영희, 1943–), Han Young Sup (한영섭, 1941–), Yang Cheolmo (양철모, 1943–), and Choi Taeshin (최태신, 1942–).Chung, Yeon Shim. “Critical Aspects of Kang Kukjin’s Early Avant-Garde Experiments: 1964–1974.” ''Journal of History of Modern Art'', Vol. 44 (2018): 285-311. doi: https://doi.org/10.17057/kahoma.2018..44.011 Career In Seoul, Korea: 1965–1980 Non Col and The New Exhibition Gro ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1971 Disestablishments In South Korea
* The year 1971 had three partial solar eclipses (Solar eclipse of February 25, 1971, February 25, Solar eclipse of July 22, 1971, July 22 and Solar eclipse of August 20, 1971, August 20) and two total lunar eclipses (February 1971 lunar eclipse, February 10, and August 1971 lunar eclipse, August 6). The world population increased by 2.1% this year, the highest increase in history. Events January * January 2 – 66 people are killed and over 200 injured 1971 Ibrox disaster, during a crush in Glasgow, Scotland. * January 5 – The first ever One Day International cricket match is played between Australia and England at the Melbourne Cricket Ground. * January 8 – Tupamaros kidnap Geoffrey Jackson, British ambassador to Uruguay, in Montevideo, keeping him captive until September. * January 9 – Uruguayan president Jorge Pacheco Areco demands emergency powers for 90 days due to kidnappings, and receives them the next day. * January 12 – The landmark United ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1970 Establishments In South Korea
Year 197 ( CXCVII) was a common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. At the time, it was known as the Year of the Consulship of Magius and Rufinus (or, less frequently, year 950 '' Ab urbe condita''). The denomination 197 for this year has been used since the early medieval period, when the Anno Domini calendar era became the prevalent method in Europe for naming years. Events By place Roman Empire * February 19 – Battle of Lugdunum: Emperor Septimius Severus defeats the self-proclaimed emperor Clodius Albinus at Lugdunum (modern Lyon). Albinus commits suicide; legionaries sack the town. * Septimius Severus returns to Rome and has about 30 of Albinus's supporters in the Senate executed. After his victory he declares himself the adopted son of the late Marcus Aurelius. * Septimius Severus forms new naval units, manning all the triremes in Italy with heavily armed troops for war in the East. His soldiers embark ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
National Intelligence Service (South Korea)
The National Intelligence Service (NIS; Korean: 국가정보원, 국정원) is the chief intelligence agency of South Korea. The agency was officially established in 1961 as the Korean Central Intelligence Agency (KCIA; Korean: 중앙정보부), during the rule of President Park Chung-hee's military Supreme Council for National Reconstruction, which displaced the Second Republic of Korea. The original duties of the KCIA were to supervise and coordinate both international and domestic intelligence activities and criminal investigation by all government intelligence agencies, including that of the military. The agency's broad powers allowed it to actively intervene in politics. Agents undergo years of training and checks before they are officially inducted and receive their first assignments. The agency took on the name Agency for National Security Planning (ANSP; Korean: 국가안전기획부, 안기부) in 1981, as part of a series of reforms instituted by the Fifth Republic ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
United States Information Agency
The United States Information Agency (USIA), which operated from 1953 to 1999, was a United States agency devoted to "public diplomacy". In 1999, prior to the reorganization of intelligence agencies by President George W. Bush, President Bill Clinton assigned USIA's cultural exchange and non-broadcasting intelligence functions to the newly created Under Secretary of State for Public Diplomacy and Public Affairs at the U.S. Department of State. USIA's broadcasting functions were moved to the newly created Broadcasting Board of Governors. The agency was previously known overseas as the United States Information Service (USIS) of the U.S. Embassy; the current name, the Public Diplomacy and Public Affairs, is sometimes translated as the Public Relations and Cultural Exchange Agency. Former USIA Director of TV and Film Service Alvin Snyder recalled in his 1995 memoir that "the U.S. government ran a full-service public relations organization, the largest in the world, about the size ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Art Informel
Informalism or Art Informel is a pictorial movement from the 1943–1950s, that includes all the abstract and gestural tendencies that developed in France and the rest of Europe during the World War II, similar to American abstract expressionism started 1946. Several distinguishing trends are identified within the movement such as lyrical abstraction, matter painting, New Paris School, tachisme and art brut. The French art critic Michel Tapié coined the term "art autre" (other art) in the homonymous book published in 1952 in relation to non-geometric abstract art. It was instrumental in improving the concept of abstract art in France during the Early 1950s. Its use in the expression of political ideologies in South America during the Early 1950s was quite common, as it was seen as the main way to show support for the changing political climate. Pictorial practices Within this tendency, each artist allows full freedom of expression to the unforeseen quality of materials (a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
October Restoration
The October Yusin () or October Restoration was an October 1972 South Korean self-coup in which President Park Chung-hee assumed dictatorial powers. Park had come to power as the head of the Supreme Council for National Reconstruction after the May 16 coup of 1961, and in 1963 he won elections and assumed office as civilian president. Background July 4th North–South Joint Declaration On May 4, 1972, the director of Korea Central Intelligence Agency (KCIA), Lee Hu-rak, went to North Korea and met Kim Il-sung. They announced the North-South Joint Declaration with the three principles of the reunification. After the declaration, a direct phone cable was installed between Seoul and Pyeongyang. Enthusiasm for reunification was heating up. Park used it as a pretext for the amendment of the constitution. Third term of the presidency Under the Third Republic's constitution, the president was limited to two terms in office. However, the National Assembly, dominated by Park's ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Space & Time Group
Space & Time Group (ST) was an art and reading group in Korea from 1969 to 1980. The group was led by Lee Kun-yong who focused on studying and applying international art theory to art in order to respond to Yusin Korea's tumultuous socio-political atmosphere in covert ways.Chung, Yeon Shim, Kim, Sunjung, Chung, Kimberly, and Wagner, Keith B. Korean Art from 1953 : Collision, Innovation, Interaction / Yeon Shim Chung, Sunjung Kim, Kimberly Chung, Keith B. Wagner. 2020. Though membership was always changing, the initial assembly of members included Kim Bok-young, Kim Munja, Yeo Yoon, Park Wonjun, Han Jeongmun, and Shin Sung Hy. They held 8 exhibitions, published journals, and held seminars. Of all the avant-garde groups in Korea at the time, ST was the most theoretically rigorous and enthusiastic to learn about and apply European, American, and Japanese art theory. The group is best known for their performances called “events” which put a focus on temporality, space, bodies, action ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hongik University
Hongik University (, colloquially ''Hongdae'') is a private university in Seoul, South Korea. Founded by an activist in 1946, the university is located in Mapo-gu district of central Seoul, South Korea with a second campus(branch campus) in Sejong. In addition, Hongik University(Seoul campus) is universities in Korea. Hongik University has a bachelor's degree in art(paint & drawing) in South Korea. However, the university also offers a range of undergraduate and graduate programs. As of 2007, the university was home to 14,500 undergraduate students and 2,600 graduate students, and the undergraduate school consists of College of Fine Arts, College of Education, College of Engineering, College of Liberal Arts, College of Architecture, College of Law, and College of Economics and Business Administration. The graduate school provides research-based and practice-based programs in comprehensive fields including liberal arts, engineering, fine arts and design, education, economics, p ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Seoul National University
Seoul National University (SNU; ) is a national public research university located in Seoul, South Korea. Founded in 1946, Seoul National University is largely considered the most prestigious university in South Korea; it is one of the three "SKY" universities, denoting the top three institutions in the country. The university has three campuses: the main campus in Gwanak District and two additional campuses in Daehangno and Pyeongchang County. The university comprises sixteen colleges, one graduate school and nine professional schools. The student body consists of nearly 17,000 undergraduate and 11,000 graduate students. According to data compiled by KEDI, the university spends more on its students per capita than any other universities in the country that enroll at least 10,000 students. Seoul National University holds a memorandum of understanding with over 700 academic institutions in 40 countries, the World Bank and a general academic exchange program with the University o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
