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Troctomorpha
Troctomorpha is one of the three major suborders of Psocodea (formerly Psocoptera)(barklice, booklice, and parasitic lice), alongside Psocomorpha and Trogiomorpha. There are more than 30 families and 5,800 described species in Troctomorpha. The order includes parasitic lice, which are most closely related to the booklice family Liposcelididae. Cladogram Cladogram showing the position of Troctomorpha within Psocodea: Fossil record The oldest record of the suborder is suggested to be '' Paramesopsocus adibi,'' known from the Late Jurassic Karabastau Formation of Kazakhstan. Classification Troctomorpha contains the following subgroups: * Infraorder: Amphientometae ** Family: Amphientomidae Enderlein, 1903 (tropical barklice) ** Family: Compsocidae Mockford, 1967 ** Family: Electrentomidae Enderlein, 1911 ** Family: Manicapsocidae Mockford, 1967 ** Family: Musapsocidae Mockford, 1967 ** Family: Protroctopsocidae Smithers, 1972 ** Family: Troctopsocidae Mockford, 1967 * ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Psocodea
Psocodea is a taxonomic group of insects comprising the bark lice, book lice and parasitic lice. It was formerly considered a superorder, but is now generally considered by entomologists as an order. Despite the greatly differing appearance of parasitic lice (Phthiraptera), they are believed to have evolved from within the former order Psocoptera, which contained the bark lice and book lice, now found to be paraphyletic. They are often regarded as the most primitive of the hemipteroids. Psocodea contains around 11,000 species, divided among four suborders and more than 70 families. They range in size from 1–10 millimetres (0.04–0.4 in) in length. The species known as booklice received their common name because they are commonly found amongst old books—they feed upon the paste used in binding. The barklice are found on trees, feeding on algae and lichen. Anatomy and biology Psocids are small, scavenging insects with a relatively generalized body plan. They feed pr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Psocoptera
Psocoptera are a paraphyletic group of insects that are commonly known as booklice, barklice or barkflies. The name Psocoptera has been replaced with Psocodea in recent literature, with the inclusion of the former order Phthiraptera into Psocodea (as part of the suborder Troctomorpha). These insects first appeared in the Permian period, 295–248 million years ago. They are often regarded as the most primitive of the hemipteroids. Their name originates from the Greek word ψῶχος, ''psokhos'' meaning gnawed or rubbed and πτερά, ''ptera'' meaning wings. There are more than 5,500 species in 41 families in three suborders. Many of these species have only been described in recent years. They range in size from 1–10 millimetres (0.04–0.4 in) in length. The species known as booklice received their common name because they are commonly found amongst old books—they feed upon the paste used in binding. The barklice are found on trees, feeding on algae and l ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Compsocidae
Compsocidae is a family of Psocodea (formerly Psocoptera) belonging to the suborder Troctomorpha. The family comprises two extant species in two genera, both found in Mesoamerica. ''Compsocus elegans'' is found in Mexico and Central America, while ''Electrentomopsis variegata'' is found in Mexico. The antennae of each species have 13 or 14 segments. Two extinct genera, '' Burmacompsocus'' and '' Paraelectrentomopsis'' are known from the Cenomanian aged Burmese amber of Myanmar Myanmar, ; UK pronunciations: US pronunciations incl. . Note: Wikipedia's IPA conventions require indicating /r/ even in British English although only some British English speakers pronounce r at the end of syllables. As John Wells explai .... Taxonomy * ''Compsocus'' Banks, N., 1930 ** ''Compsocus elegans'' Banks, N., 1930 * ''Electrentomopsis'' Mockford, 1967 ** ''Electrentomopsis variegata'' Mockford, 1967 * †''Burmacompsocus'' Nel & Waller, 2007 **''Burmacompsocus banksi'' ( Cockerel ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Manicapsocidae
Manicapsocidae is a family of Psocodea (formerly Psocoptera). It contains 8 extant species in 4 genera, with most of the species being found in the Neotropics, with one species in the Afrotropics. The extinct family Electrentomidae has been suggested to be a synonym of this family, though this has been considered premature by other scholars in the absence of cladistic analysis. Confirmed fossil species of the family are nearly as numerous as living ones, extending back to the Mid-Cretaceous. Taxonomy * '' Manicapsocus'' Smithers, 1966 ** ''M. alettae'' Smithers, 1966 Africa, Zimbabwe * '' Epitroctes'' Mockford, 1967 Neotropics ** ''E. calypso'' Mockford, 1996 ** ''E. pluvialis'' Mockford, 1996 ** ''E. sanguineus'' Mockford, 1996 ** ''E. sanvito'' Mockford, 1996 ** ''E.. tuxtlarum'' Mockford, 1967 * '' Nothoentomum'' Badonnel, 1967 Neotropics ** ''N. palpale'' Badonnel, 1967 * '' Phallopsocus'' Badonnel, 1967 Neotropics ** ''P. carminatus'' Badonnel, 1967 * †'' Azarpsocus'' Ma ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Trogiomorpha
Trogiomorpha is one of the three major suborders of barklice, booklice, and parasitic lice in the order Psocodea (formerly Psocoptera), alongside Troctomorpha and Psocomorpha. There are about 8 families and more than 430 described species in Trogiomorpha. Trogiomorpha is widely agreed to be the earliest diverging of the three suborders, and retains the most primitive characteristics. Internal phylogeny Here is a cladogram showing the phylogeny of Psocodea, showing the position of Trogiomorpha: Families Psocomorpha contains 3 infraorders and 5 extant (living) families, as well as three identified extinct families: *Atropetae ** Archaeatropidae Baz & Ortuño, 2000 ** Empheriidae Baz & Ortuño, 2000 **Lepidopsocidae Enderlein, 1903 (scaly-winged barklice) ** Psoquillidae Lienhard & Smithers, 2002 (bird nest barklice) ** Trogiidae Roesler, 1944 (granary booklice) * Psyllipsocetae ** Psyllipsocidae Lienhard & Smithers, 2002 (cave barklice) * Prionoglaridetae (paraphyletic In ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Louse
Louse ( : lice) is the common name for any member of the clade Phthiraptera, which contains nearly 5,000 species of wingless parasitic insects. Phthiraptera has variously been recognized as an order, infraorder, or a parvorder, as a result of developments in phylogenetic research. Lice are obligate parasites, living externally on warm-blooded hosts which include every species of bird and mammal, except for monotremes, pangolins, and bats. Lice are vectors of diseases such as typhus. Chewing lice live among the hairs or feathers of their host and feed on skin and debris, while sucking lice pierce the host's skin and feed on blood and other secretions. They usually spend their whole life on a single host, cementing their eggs, called nits, to hairs or feathers. The eggs hatch into nymphs, which moult three times before becoming fully grown, a process that takes about four weeks. Genetic evidence indicates that lice are a highly modified lineage of Psocoptera (now called Ps ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Amphientometae
Amphientometae is an infraorder of psocids, one of two major division of the Troctomorpha within the order Psocodea (formerly Psocoptera). There are about 7 families and at least 230 described species in Amphientometae. Families These seven families belong to the infraorder Amphientometae: * Amphientomidae Enderlein, 1903 (tropical barklice) * Compsocidae Compsocidae is a family of Psocodea (formerly Psocoptera) belonging to the suborder Troctomorpha. The family comprises two extant species in two genera, both found in Mesoamerica. ''Compsocus elegans'' is found in Mexico and Central America, wh ... Mockford, 1967 * Manicapsocidae Mockford, 1967 * Musapsocidae Mockford, 1967 * Protroctopsocidae Smithers, 1972 * Troctopsocidae Mockford, 1967 * † Electrentomidae Enderlein, 1911 References Further reading * Troctomorpha {{psocoptera-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Amphientomidae
Amphientomidae is a family of Psocodea (formerly Psocoptera) belonging to the suborder Troctomorpha. The presence of scales on their wings gives them a superficial resemblance to the unrelated family Lepidopsocidae (within Trogiomorpha), and both families can pass for microlepidoptera Microlepidoptera (micromoths) is an artificial (i.e., unranked and not monophyletic) grouping of moth families, commonly known as the 'smaller moths' (micro, Lepidoptera). These generally have wingspans of under 20 mm, and are thus harder to ... to the untrained eye. The family comprises 100 species arranged in twenty genera. References *Lienhard, C. & Smithers, C. N. 2002. Psocoptera (Insecta): World Catalogue and Bibliography. Instrumenta Biodiversitatis, vol. 5. Muséum d'histoire naturelle, Genève. Psocoptera families Troctomorpha {{Psocoptera-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Electrentomidae
Electrentomidae is an extinct family of barklice, booklice, and parasitic lice in the order Psocodea. There are about six genera and seven described species in Electrentomidae. The family was synonymsed with the extant family Manicapsocidae in 2003 without discussion, with a prior proposal in 1972, but Azar et al., 2017, stated that "we consider herein lectrentomidae and Manicapsocidaeapart, because a cladistic phylogenetic analysis is needed prior to taking such important decision for these groups." Genera These six genera belong to the family Electrentomidae: * † '' Electrentomum'' Enderlein, 1911 Baltic amber, Eocene * † '' Eomanicapsocus'' Nel, Prokop, De Ploeg & Millet, 2005 Oise amber, France, Ypresian *† '' Eoprotroctopsocus'' Nel, Prokop, De Ploeg & Millet, 2005 Oise amber, France, Ypresian *† '' Manicapsocidus'' Baz & Ortuño, 2001 Álava amber, Escucha Formation, Spain, Albian * † '' Paramesopsocus'' Azar, Hajar, Indary & Nel, 2009 Karabastau Formation, Kazak ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Musapsocidae
Musapsocidae is a family of Psocodea (formerly Psocoptera) belonging to the suborder Troctomorpha. The pterostigma The pterostigma (plural: pterostigmata) is a group of specialized cells in the outer insect wing, wings of insects, which are often thickened or coloured, and thus stand out from other cells. It is particularly noticeable in dragonfly, dragonfli ... in their fore-wing has the characteristic of not being closed proximally. The family comprises 2 genera. Sources * Lienhard, C. & Smithers, C. N. 2002. Psocoptera (Insecta): World Catalogue and Bibliography. Instrumenta Biodiversitatis, vol. 5. Muséum d'histoire naturelle, Genève. Psocoptera families Troctomorpha {{Psocoptera-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Troctopsocidae
Troctopsocidae is a family of Psocodea (formerly Psocoptera) belonging to the suborder Troctomorpha. The family consists of seven genera Genus ( plural genera ) is a taxonomic rank used in the biological classification of living and fossil organisms as well as viruses. In the hierarchy of biological classification, genus comes above species and below family. In binomial nomenclat .... Sources * Lienhard, C. & Smithers, C. N. 2002. "Psocoptera (Insecta)": ''World Catalogue and Bibliography. Instrumenta Biodiversitatis,'' vol. 5. Muséum d'histoire naturelle, Geneva, Switzerland. Psocoptera families Troctomorpha {{Psocoptera-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nanopsocetae
Nanopsocetae is one of two major divisions of Troctomorpha in the order Psocodea (formerly Psocoptera), alongside Amphientometae. There are more than 20 families and 5,200 described species in Nanopsocetae. Taxonomy The clade contains four major groups, Phthiraptera (lice), Liposcelididae, Pachytroctidae and Sphaeropsocidae Sphaeropsocidae is a family of Psocodea (formerly Psocoptera), belonging to the suborder Troctomorpha. Females of this family have reduced, beetle-like elytra, and lack hindwings, with males have either small or absent wings. The family compris .... References Further reading * Troctomorpha {{psocoptera-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
