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Tornoceratatina
Tornoceratina is one of two suborders included in the Goniatitida, characterized by generally involute, subdiscoidal shells and by sutures in which the ventral ones are undivided. Sutural lobes increase in number during the course of life of the individual, typically developed from the internal and external saddles. The siphuncle is prochoanitic, with septal necks projecting forward. Derivation is from the Anarcestida Agoniatitida, also known as the Anarcestida, is the ancestral order within the cephalopod subclass Ammonoidea originating from bactritoid nautiloids, that lived in what would become Africa, Asia, Australia, Europe, and North America during t ... in the middle Devonian. References * Miller, Furnish, and Schindewolf, 1957. Paleozoic Ammonoidea. Treastise on Invertebrate Paleontology, Part L. Geological Society of America. * Tornoceratina iGoniaton line, Mar. 5, 2015 The Paleobiology DatabaseOct.1, 2007 Goniatitida Middle Devonian first appearances ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pseudohaloritoidea
Pseudohaloritoidea, formerly Pseudohaloritaceae, is one of four superfamilies of the goniatitid suborder Tornoceratatina. Although attributed the Ruzhencev, 1957 (Ruzhencev named the Pseudohaloritidae, March 1957, eight months ahead of Miller and Furnish) T.J Frest ''et al.'' included the Maximitidae and Pseudohaloritidae in the Cheilocerataceae in their May 1981 paper. References * T.J Frest, B.F.Glenister,& W.M. Furnish, 1981. Pennsylvanian-Permian Ammonoid Families Maximitidae and Pseudohaloritiae. The Paleontological Society Memoir 11, May 1981GONIAT5/28/12 The Paleobiology Database5/28/12 Tornoceratina Goniatitida superfamilies Pennsylvanian first appearances Lopingian extinctions {{Goniatitida-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Prionoceratoidea
Prionoceratoidea is a superfamily in the goniatitid suborder, Tornoceratatina that was extant during the latter Paleozoic. The inclusive taxonomy of the Prionoceratoidea varies according to classification. In some, valid families are the Gattendorfiidae Gattendorfiidae is one of seven families of the superfamily Prionoceratoidea, a member of the Goniatitida order. They are an extinct group of ammonoid, which are shelled cephalopods related to squids, belemnites, octopuses, and cuttlefish, and m ..., Prionoceratidae, Pseudarietitidae, and Voehringeritidae. Others may add the Acrocanitidae, Cheiloceratidae, Praeglyphioceratidae, and Sporadoceratidae to the list although it is not at all clear that these belong. ReferencesGONIAT - Prionocerataceae entry11-28-11Paleobiology Database - Prionocerataceae entry11-28-11 *Saunders, Work, and Nikolaeva, 1999. Evolution of Complexity in Paleozoic Ammonoid Sutures -Supplementary Material. Prionocerataceae, Tornoceratina Go ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Devonian
The Devonian ( ) is a geologic period and system of the Paleozoic era, spanning 60.3 million years from the end of the Silurian, million years ago (Mya), to the beginning of the Carboniferous, Mya. It is named after Devon, England, where rocks from this period were first studied. The first significant adaptive radiation of life on dry land occurred during the Devonian. Free-sporing vascular plants began to spread across dry land, forming extensive forests which covered the continents. By the middle of the Devonian, several groups of plants had evolved leaves and true roots, and by the end of the period the first seed-bearing plants appeared. The arthropod groups of myriapods, arachnids and hexapods also became well-established early in this period, after starting their expansion to land at least from the Ordovician period. Fish reached substantial diversity during this time, leading the Devonian to often be dubbed the Age of Fishes. The placoderms began dominating ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Permian
The Permian ( ) is a geologic period and stratigraphic system which spans 47 million years from the end of the Carboniferous Period million years ago (Mya), to the beginning of the Triassic Period 251.9 Mya. It is the last period of the Paleozoic Era; the following Triassic Period belongs to the Mesozoic Era. The concept of the Permian was introduced in 1841 by geologist Sir Roderick Murchison, who named it after the region of Perm in Russia. The Permian witnessed the diversification of the two groups of amniotes, the synapsids and the sauropsids ( reptiles). The world at the time was dominated by the supercontinent Pangaea, which had formed due to the collision of Euramerica and Gondwana during the Carboniferous. Pangaea was surrounded by the superocean Panthalassa. The Carboniferous rainforest collapse left behind vast regions of desert within the continental interior. Amniotes, which could better cope with these drier conditions, rose to dominance in place of their am ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Dimeroceratoidea
Dimeroceratoidea, formerly Dimerocerataceae, is one of six superfamilies in the goniatitid suborder Tornoceratina which lived During the Devonian. Five families are included, the Dimeroceratidae being the type family. Gonitites, to which they belong, are primitive ammonites ''sensu lato'', extinct shelled cephalopods more closely related to living animals like squids and octopodes than to similarly shelled nautiloids such as the modern genus ''Nautilus The nautilus (, ) is a pelagic marine mollusc of the cephalopod family Nautilidae. The nautilus is the sole extant family of the superfamily Nautilaceae and of its smaller but near equal suborder, Nautilina. It comprises six living species in t ...''. References Taxonomy GONIAT-online10/28/10 Paleobiology Database - Dimerocerataceae10/28/10 Saunders, Work, and Nikoleava 1999. Evolution of Complexity in Paleozoic Ammonoid Sutures, Science Magazine Tornoceratina Goniatitida superfamilies Devonian first appearances De ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Karagandoceratoidea
Karagandoceratoidea is an Early Carboniferous (Mississippian) superfamily within the ammonoid Ammonoids are a group of extinct marine mollusc animals in the subclass Ammonoidea of the class Cephalopoda. These molluscs, commonly referred to as ammonites, are more closely related to living coleoids (i.e., octopuses, squid and cuttlefish) ... order, Goniatitida, said to contain the Karagandoceratidae and Prodromitidae. Analysis Shells are discoidal to lenticular. Adult stages are oxygonic, having acute venters, or have distinct keels. The ventral lobe may be either bifurcate or trifurcate (two or three pronged) and there is a tendency to increase the number of elements ontogenetically in the suture. Taxonomic affinities In the most recent classifications, W.M. Furnish, et al., 2009 and GONIAT theKaraganoceratoidea, is divided into the families Karagandoceratidae and Prodromitidae, with '' Karagandoceras'', ''Bartzschiceras'' and ''Masonoceras'' included in the Karagando ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tornoceratoidea
Tornoceratoidea, also known as Tornocerataceae, is a superfamily of goniatitid ammonoids included in the suborder Tornoceratina. Tornoceratoidea, or Tornocerataceae, is essentially the Cheilocerataceae of Miller, Furnish, and Schindewolf (1957) in the Treatise Part L, revised to accommodate new taxa and new perspectives on the phylogeny. Taxonomy Tornoceratoid genera are divided among five families, Tornoceratidae, Parodoceratidae, Posttornoceratidae, Pseudoclymediidae, and Kirsoceratidae, some of which have been recently established. Tornoceratidae, essentially the Tornoceratidae of the Treatise, Part L, 1957, included in the Cheilocerataceae is split as a result of new discoveries into three subfamilies, the Tornnoceratinae, Aulatornoceratinae and Falcitornoceratinae, of which the Tornoceratinae is the oldest. Parodoceratidae, proposed by Petter in 1959 is based on the genus '' Parodoceras'', which along with '' Wedekindella'', was placed originally in the Anarce ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Suborder
Order ( la, ordo) is one of the eight major hierarchical taxonomic ranks in Linnaean taxonomy. It is classified between family and class. In biological classification, the order is a taxonomic rank used in the classification of organisms and recognized by the nomenclature codes. An immediately higher rank, superorder, is sometimes added directly above order, with suborder directly beneath order. An order can also be defined as a group of related families. What does and does not belong to each order is determined by a taxonomist, as is whether a particular order should be recognized at all. Often there is no exact agreement, with different taxonomists each taking a different position. There are no hard rules that a taxonomist needs to follow in describing or recognizing an order. Some taxa are accepted almost universally, while others are recognized only rarely. The name of an order is usually written with a capital letter. For some groups of organisms, their orders may follow ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Goniatitida
Goniatids, informally goniatites, are Ammonoidea, ammonoid cephalopods that form the order Goniatitida, derived from the more primitive Agoniatitida during the Middle Devonian some 390 million years ago (around Eifelian stage). Goniatites (goniatitids) survived the Late Devonian extinction to flourish during the Carboniferous and Permian only to become Permian–Triassic extinction event, extinct at the end of the Permian some 139 million years later. Morphology All goniatites possessed an external shell, which is divided internally into chambers filled with gas giving it buoyancy during the life of the animal. An open chamber at the front of the shell provided living space for the goniatitid animal, with access to open water through a ventral siphuncle. The general morphology and habit of goniatites was probably similar to that of their later relatives the Ammonitida, ammonites, being free swimming and possessing a head with two well developed eyes and arms (or tentacles). G ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Siphuncle
The siphuncle is a strand of tissue passing longitudinally through the shell of a cephalopod mollusk. Only cephalopods with chambered shells have siphuncles, such as the extinct ammonites and belemnites, and the living nautiluses, cuttlefish, and ''Spirula''. In the case of the cuttlefish, the siphuncle is indistinct and connects all the small chambers of that animal's highly modified shell; in the other cephalopods it is thread-like and passes through small openings in the septa (walls) dividing the camerae (chambers). Some older studies have used the term siphon for the siphuncle, though this naming convention is uncommon in modern studies to prevent confusion with a mollusc organ of the same name. Function The siphuncle is used primarily in emptying water from new chambers as the shell grows. To perform this task, the cephalopod increases the saltiness of the blood in the siphuncle, and the water moves from the more dilute chamber into the blood through osmosis. At the sam ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Anarcestida
Agoniatitida, also known as the Anarcestida, is the ancestral order within the cephalopod subclass Ammonoidea originating from bactritoid nautiloids, that lived in what would become Africa, Asia, Australia, Europe, and North America during the Devonian from about the lower boundary of Zlichovian stage (corresponding to late Pragian, after 409.1 mya) into Taghanic event during upper middle Givetian (between 385 and 384 mya), existing for approximately 25 million years. Taxonomic nomenclature The Order Agoniatitida, named by Ruzhencev, 1957, is a subjective synonym for the Order Anarcestida, named by Miller and Furnish, 1954.Miller, Furnish, and Schindewolf, 1957; Paleozoic Ammonoidea; Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology, Part-L, Ammonoidea, Geological Society of America & Univ of Kansas. Accordingly, the name Anarcerstida is based on the family Anarcestidae (ex Anarcestinae) of Steinmann 1890. That of Agoniatiida is based on the family Agnoniatidae of Holzapfel, 1899. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
