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Dimeroceratoidea
Dimeroceratoidea, formerly Dimerocerataceae, is one of six superfamilies in the goniatitid suborder Tornoceratina which lived During the Devonian. Five families are included, the Dimeroceratidae being the type family. Gonitites, to which they belong, are primitive ammonites ''sensu lato'', extinct shelled cephalopods more closely related to living animals like squids and octopodes than to similarly shelled nautiloids such as the modern genus ''Nautilus The nautilus (, ) is a pelagic marine mollusc of the cephalopod family Nautilidae. The nautilus is the sole extant family of the superfamily Nautilaceae and of its smaller but near equal suborder, Nautilina. It comprises six living species in t ...''. References Taxonomy GONIAT-online10/28/10 Paleobiology Database - Dimerocerataceae10/28/10 Saunders, Work, and Nikoleava 1999. Evolution of Complexity in Paleozoic Ammonoid Sutures, Science Magazine Tornoceratina Goniatitida superfamilies Devonian first appearances De ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Dimeroceratoidea
Dimeroceratoidea, formerly Dimerocerataceae, is one of six superfamilies in the goniatitid suborder Tornoceratina which lived During the Devonian. Five families are included, the Dimeroceratidae being the type family. Gonitites, to which they belong, are primitive ammonites ''sensu lato'', extinct shelled cephalopods more closely related to living animals like squids and octopodes than to similarly shelled nautiloids such as the modern genus ''Nautilus The nautilus (, ) is a pelagic marine mollusc of the cephalopod family Nautilidae. The nautilus is the sole extant family of the superfamily Nautilaceae and of its smaller but near equal suborder, Nautilina. It comprises six living species in t ...''. References Taxonomy GONIAT-online10/28/10 Paleobiology Database - Dimerocerataceae10/28/10 Saunders, Work, and Nikoleava 1999. Evolution of Complexity in Paleozoic Ammonoid Sutures, Science Magazine Tornoceratina Goniatitida superfamilies Devonian first appearances De ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cheiloceratidae
Cheiloceratidae is a family of ammonoid cephalopods included in the goniatitid suborder Tornoceratina in which the suture has 4 to 12 lobes, the ventral one undivided and those in the lateral areas originating as subdivisions of internal and external lateral saddles. Taxonomy The taxonomy of the Cheiloceratidae varies according to the perception of different researchers over time and can be considered a work in progress. That presented in the taxobox is simply one of the more recent. Cheiloceratidae is the larger of two families included in the Cheilocerataceae in the 1957 Treatise Part L, the other being the Tornoceratidae.A.K Miller, W.M Furnish, and O.H. Schindewolf, 1957. Paleozoic Ammonoidea. Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology, Part L, Mollusca 4. Geological Soc. of America and Univ. Kansas Press. The Cheiloceratidae (M,F,&S) range from the Upper Devonian to the Middle Permian and includes 4 subfamilies. Cheiloceratinae is essentially the Cheiloceratidae of Saunders et ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Prolobitidae
Prolobitidae is a family of middle and upper Devonian ammonoid cephalopods currently included in the goniatitid suborder Tornoceratina and superfamily Dimeroceratoidea, but previously included in the ancestral Anarcestida. Prolobitids are characterized by goniatic sutures with an undivided ventral lobe and primary lateral lobes that are introduced in the umbilical region. They have shells which are discoidal to subglobular, some bearing transverse ribs and the umbilicus is generally moderate to closed. Prolobitidae is divided into two subfamilies, Prolobitinae consisting of subglobular to subdiscoidal shells with moderate to closed umbilici, and Raymondoceratinae consisting of discodal shells with transverse ribs and large umbilici. The Prolobitidae have been considered the likely ancestors for Prolecanitida Prolecanitida is an order of extinct ammonoidea, ammonoid cephalopods with discoidal to thinly lenticular shells with goniatitic or ceratitic sutures and which reta ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Dimeroceratidae
Dimeroceratidae is one of three families in the Dimeroceratoidea, a goniatid superfamily included in the Ammonoidea; extinct shelled cephalopods with adorally convex septa and usually narrow ventro-marginal siphuncles. The family Dimeroceratidae was established for the genus '' Dimeroceras'' which was previously included in the Cheiloceratidae in the Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology Part L, but differing from the similar subglublar to thickly lenticular ''Cheiloceras ''Cheiloceras'' is a subglobular to thickly lenticular goniatite with a closed umbilicus from the Upper Devonian and type genus for the Cheiloceratidae. ''Cheiloceras'' is sometimes split into at least three subgenera. ''Cheiloceras (Cheilocer ...'' in having a large lateral lobe and the umbilical lobe outside the umbilicus. The Dimeroceratidae are derived from the Cheiloceratid genus '' Torleyoceras'' through the ancestral '' Paradimeroceras'' which gave rise to ''Dimeroceras'', (Saunders et al. 1999). ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tornoceratina
Tornoceratina is one of two suborders included in the Goniatitida, characterized by generally involute, subdiscoidal shells and by sutures in which the ventral ones are undivided. Sutural lobes increase in number during the course of life of the individual, typically developed from the internal and external saddles. The siphuncle The siphuncle is a strand of tissue passing longitudinally through the shell of a cephalopod mollusk. Only cephalopods with chambered shells have siphuncles, such as the extinct ammonites and belemnites, and the living nautiluses, cuttlefish, and ... is prochoanitic, with septal necks projecting forward. Derivation is from the Anarcestida in the middle Devonian. References * Miller, Furnish, and Schindewolf, 1957. Paleozoic Ammonoidea. Treastise on Invertebrate Paleontology, Part L. Geological Society of America. * Tornoceratina iGoniaton line, Mar. 5, 2015 The Paleobiology DatabaseOct.1, 2007 Goniatitida Middle Devonian first appearances ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Devonian
The Devonian ( ) is a geologic period and system of the Paleozoic era, spanning 60.3 million years from the end of the Silurian, million years ago (Mya), to the beginning of the Carboniferous, Mya. It is named after Devon, England, where rocks from this period were first studied. The first significant adaptive radiation of life on dry land occurred during the Devonian. Free-sporing vascular plants began to spread across dry land, forming extensive forests which covered the continents. By the middle of the Devonian, several groups of plants had evolved leaves and true roots, and by the end of the period the first seed-bearing plants appeared. The arthropod groups of myriapods, arachnids and hexapods also became well-established early in this period, after starting their expansion to land at least from the Ordovician period. Fish reached substantial diversity during this time, leading the Devonian to often be dubbed the Age of Fishes. The placoderms began dominating ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Octopus
An octopus ( : octopuses or octopodes, see below for variants) is a soft-bodied, eight- limbed mollusc of the order Octopoda (, ). The order consists of some 300 species and is grouped within the class Cephalopoda with squids, cuttlefish, and nautiloids. Like other cephalopods, an octopus is bilaterally symmetric with two eyes and a beaked mouth at the center point of the eight limbs. The soft body can radically alter its shape, enabling octopuses to squeeze through small gaps. They trail their eight appendages behind them as they swim. The siphon is used both for respiration and for locomotion, by expelling a jet of water. Octopuses have a complex nervous system and excellent sight, and are among the most intelligent and behaviourally diverse of all invertebrates. Octopuses inhabit various regions of the ocean, including coral reefs, pelagic waters, and the seabed; some live in the intertidal zone and others at abyssal depths. Most species grow quickly, mature ea ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Goniatitida Superfamilies
Goniatids, informally goniatites, are ammonoid cephalopods that form the order Goniatitida, derived from the more primitive Agoniatitida during the Middle Devonian some 390 million years ago (around Eifelian stage). Goniatites (goniatitids) survived the Late Devonian extinction to flourish during the Carboniferous and Permian only to become extinct at the end of the Permian some 139 million years later. Morphology All goniatites possessed an external shell, which is divided internally into chambers filled with gas giving it buoyancy during the life of the animal. An open chamber at the front of the shell provided living space for the goniatitid animal, with access to open water through a ventral siphuncle. The general morphology and habit of goniatites was probably similar to that of their later relatives the ammonites, being free swimming and possessing a head with two well developed eyes and arms (or tentacles). Goniatite shells are small to medium in size, almost always l ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nautilus
The nautilus (, ) is a pelagic marine mollusc of the cephalopod family Nautilidae. The nautilus is the sole extant family of the superfamily Nautilaceae and of its smaller but near equal suborder, Nautilina. It comprises six living species in two genera, the type of which is the genus ''Nautilus''. Though it more specifically refers to species ''Nautilus pompilius'', the name chambered nautilus is also used for any of the Nautilidae. All are protected under CITES Appendix II. Depending on species, adult shell diameter is between 4 and 10 inches. Nautilidae, both extant and extinct, are characterized by involute or more or less convolute shells that are generally smooth, with compressed or depressed whorl sections, straight to sinuous sutures, and a tubular, generally central siphuncle.Kümmel, B. 1964. Nautiloidae-Nautilida, in the Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology, Geological Society of America and Univ of Kansas Press, Teichert and Moore eds. Having survived relatively u ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nautiloidea
Nautiloids are a group of marine cephalopods (Mollusca) which originated in the Late Cambrian and are represented today by the living ''Nautilus'' and ''Allonautilus''. Fossil nautiloids are diverse and speciose, with over 2,500 recorded species. They flourished during the early Paleozoic era, when they constituted the main predatory animals. Early in their evolution, nautiloids developed an extraordinary diversity of shell shapes, including coiled morphologies and giant straight-shelled forms ( orthocones). Only a handful of rare coiled species, the nautiluses, survive to the present day. In a broad sense, "nautiloid" refers to a major cephalopod subclass or collection of subclasses (Nautiloidea ''sensu lato''). Nautiloids are typically considered one of three main groups of cephalopods, along with the extinct ammonoids (ammonites) and living coleoids (such as squid, octopus, and kin). While ammonoids and coleoids are monophyletic clades with exclusive ancestor-descendant rela ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sensu Lato
''Sensu'' is a Latin word meaning "in the sense of". It is used in a number of fields including biology, geology, linguistics, semiotics, and law. Commonly it refers to how strictly or loosely an expression is used in describing any particular concept, but it also appears in expressions that indicate the convention or context of the usage. Common qualifiers ''Sensu'' is the ablative case of the noun ''sensus'', here meaning "sense". It is often accompanied by an adjective (in the same case). Three such phrases are: *''sensu stricto'' – "in the strict sense", abbreviation ''s.s.'' or ''s.str.''; *''sensu lato'' – "in the broad sense", abbreviation ''s.l.''; *''sensu amplo'' – "in a relaxed, generous (or 'ample') sense", a similar meaning to ''sensu lato''. Søren Kierkegaard uses the phrase ''sensu eminenti'' to mean "in the pre-eminent r most important or significantsense". When appropriate, comparative and superlative adjectives may also be used to convey the meaning ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Squid
True squid are molluscs with an elongated soft body, large eyes, eight arms, and two tentacles in the superorder Decapodiformes, though many other molluscs within the broader Neocoleoidea are also called squid despite not strictly fitting these criteria. Like all other cephalopods, squid have a distinct head, bilateral symmetry, and a mantle. They are mainly soft-bodied, like octopuses, but have a small internal skeleton in the form of a rod-like gladius (cephalopod), gladius or pen, made of chitin. Squid diverged from other cephalopods during the Jurassic and occupy a similar role to teleost fish as open water predators of similar size and behaviour. They play an important role in the open water food web. The two long tentacles are used to grab prey and the eight arms to hold and control it. The beak then cuts the food into suitable size chunks for swallowing. Squid are rapid swimmers, moving by Aquatic locomotion#Jet propulsion, jet propulsion, and largely locate their ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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