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Prolobitidae
Prolobitidae is a family of middle and upper Devonian ammonoid cephalopods currently included in the goniatitid suborder Tornoceratina and superfamily Dimeroceratoidea, but previously included in the ancestral Anarcestida. Prolobitids are characterized by goniatic sutures with an undivided ventral lobe and primary lateral lobes that are introduced in the umbilical region. They have shells which are discoidal to subglobular, some bearing transverse ribs and the umbilicus is generally moderate to closed. Prolobitidae is divided into two subfamilies, Prolobitinae consisting of subglobular to subdiscoidal shells with moderate to closed umbilici, and Raymondoceratinae consisting of discodal shells with transverse ribs and large umbilici. The Prolobitidae have been considered the likely ancestors for Prolecanitida Prolecanitida is an order of extinct ammonoidea, ammonoid cephalopods with discoidal to thinly lenticular shells with goniatitic or ceratitic sutures and which reta ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Prolobitidae
Prolobitidae is a family of middle and upper Devonian ammonoid cephalopods currently included in the goniatitid suborder Tornoceratina and superfamily Dimeroceratoidea, but previously included in the ancestral Anarcestida. Prolobitids are characterized by goniatic sutures with an undivided ventral lobe and primary lateral lobes that are introduced in the umbilical region. They have shells which are discoidal to subglobular, some bearing transverse ribs and the umbilicus is generally moderate to closed. Prolobitidae is divided into two subfamilies, Prolobitinae consisting of subglobular to subdiscoidal shells with moderate to closed umbilici, and Raymondoceratinae consisting of discodal shells with transverse ribs and large umbilici. The Prolobitidae have been considered the likely ancestors for Prolecanitida Prolecanitida is an order of extinct ammonoidea, ammonoid cephalopods with discoidal to thinly lenticular shells with goniatitic or ceratitic sutures and which reta ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Prolobitinae
Prolobitinae is one of two subfamilies of the Prolobitidae family, a member of the Goniatitida order. They are an extinct group of ammonoid, which are shelled cephalopods related to squids, belemnites, octopodes, and cuttlefish, and more distantly to the nautiloid Nautiloids are a group of marine cephalopods ( Mollusca) which originated in the Late Cambrian and are represented today by the living ''Nautilus'' and ''Allonautilus''. Fossil nautiloids are diverse and speciose, with over 2,500 recorded species ...s. References The Paleobiology Databaseaccessed on 10/01/07 Prolobitidae {{Goniatitida-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Raymondoceratinae
Raymondoceratinae is one of two subfamilies of the Prolobitidae family, a member of the Goniatitida order. They are an extinct group of ammonoid, which are shelled cephalopods related to squids, belemnites, octopodes, and cuttlefish, and more distantly to the nautiloid Nautiloids are a group of marine cephalopods ( Mollusca) which originated in the Late Cambrian and are represented today by the living ''Nautilus'' and ''Allonautilus''. Fossil nautiloids are diverse and speciose, with over 2,500 recorded species ...s. References The Paleobiology Databaseaccessed on 10/01/07 Prolobitidae {{Goniatitida-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Dimeroceratoidea
Dimeroceratoidea, formerly Dimerocerataceae, is one of six superfamilies in the goniatitid suborder Tornoceratina which lived During the Devonian. Five families are included, the Dimeroceratidae being the type family. Gonitites, to which they belong, are primitive ammonites ''sensu lato'', extinct shelled cephalopods more closely related to living animals like squids and octopodes than to similarly shelled nautiloids such as the modern genus ''Nautilus The nautilus (, ) is a pelagic marine mollusc of the cephalopod family Nautilidae. The nautilus is the sole extant family of the superfamily Nautilaceae and of its smaller but near equal suborder, Nautilina. It comprises six living species in t ...''. References Taxonomy GONIAT-online10/28/10 Paleobiology Database - Dimerocerataceae10/28/10 Saunders, Work, and Nikoleava 1999. Evolution of Complexity in Paleozoic Ammonoid Sutures, Science Magazine Tornoceratina Goniatitida superfamilies Devonian first appearances De ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Prolecanitida
Prolecanitida is an order of extinct ammonoidea, ammonoid cephalopods with discoidal to thinly lenticular shells with goniatitic or ceratitic sutures and which retained the simple retrochoanitic siphuncle with backward extending septal necks. As typical for ammonoids the siphuncle is along the ventral margin. Prolecanitids form a relatively small and stable order within the Ammonoidea with 43 named genera and about 1250 species, but with a long-ranging lineage of about 108 m.y. stretching from the Lower Carboniferous to the Triassic. Although not as diverse as their Goniatitida, goniatitid contemporaries, the Prolecanatida provided the stock from which all later Mesozoic ammonoids were derived. Evolution and phylogeny The origin of the Prolecanitida may be found in the Prolobitidae which was originally included in the Anarcestida but recently removed to the Goniatitida. Following their inception, the Prolecanitida divided into two lineages, identified by superfamilies; the earlier ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Devonian
The Devonian ( ) is a geologic period and system of the Paleozoic era, spanning 60.3 million years from the end of the Silurian, million years ago (Mya), to the beginning of the Carboniferous, Mya. It is named after Devon, England, where rocks from this period were first studied. The first significant adaptive radiation of life on dry land occurred during the Devonian. Free-sporing vascular plants began to spread across dry land, forming extensive forests which covered the continents. By the middle of the Devonian, several groups of plants had evolved leaves and true roots, and by the end of the period the first seed-bearing plants appeared. The arthropod groups of myriapods, arachnids and hexapods also became well-established early in this period, after starting their expansion to land at least from the Ordovician period. Fish reached substantial diversity during this time, leading the Devonian to often be dubbed the Age of Fishes. The placoderms began dominating ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ammonoidea
Ammonoids are a group of extinct marine mollusc animals in the subclass Ammonoidea of the class Cephalopoda. These molluscs, commonly referred to as ammonites, are more closely related to living coleoids (i.e., octopuses, squid and cuttlefish) than they are to shelled nautiloids such as the living ''Nautilus'' species. The earliest ammonites appeared during the Devonian, with the last species vanishing during the Cretaceous–Paleogene extinction event. Ammonites are excellent index fossils, and linking the rock layer in which a particular species or genus is found to specific geologic time periods is often possible. Their fossil shells usually take the form of planispirals, although some helically spiraled and nonspiraled forms (known as heteromorphs) have been found. The name "ammonite", from which the scientific term is derived, was inspired by the spiral shape of their fossilized shells, which somewhat resemble tightly coiled rams' horns. Pliny the Elder ( 79 AD nea ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cephalopoda
A cephalopod is any member of the molluscan class Cephalopoda (Greek plural , ; "head-feet") such as a squid, octopus, cuttlefish, or nautilus. These exclusively marine animals are characterized by bilateral body symmetry, a prominent head, and a set of arms or tentacles (muscular hydrostats) modified from the primitive molluscan foot. Fishers sometimes call cephalopods "inkfish", referring to their common ability to squirt ink. The study of cephalopods is a branch of malacology known as teuthology. Cephalopods became dominant during the Ordovician period, represented by primitive nautiloids. The class now contains two, only distantly related, extant subclasses: Coleoidea, which includes octopuses, squid, and cuttlefish; and Nautiloidea, represented by ''Nautilus'' and ''Allonautilus''. In the Coleoidea, the molluscan shell has been internalized or is absent, whereas in the Nautiloidea, the external shell remains. About 800 living species of cephalopods have been identified. Tw ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Goniatitida
Goniatids, informally goniatites, are Ammonoidea, ammonoid cephalopods that form the order Goniatitida, derived from the more primitive Agoniatitida during the Middle Devonian some 390 million years ago (around Eifelian stage). Goniatites (goniatitids) survived the Late Devonian extinction to flourish during the Carboniferous and Permian only to become Permian–Triassic extinction event, extinct at the end of the Permian some 139 million years later. Morphology All goniatites possessed an external shell, which is divided internally into chambers filled with gas giving it buoyancy during the life of the animal. An open chamber at the front of the shell provided living space for the goniatitid animal, with access to open water through a ventral siphuncle. The general morphology and habit of goniatites was probably similar to that of their later relatives the Ammonitida, ammonites, being free swimming and possessing a head with two well developed eyes and arms (or tentacles). G ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tornoceratina
Tornoceratina is one of two suborders included in the Goniatitida, characterized by generally involute, subdiscoidal shells and by sutures in which the ventral ones are undivided. Sutural lobes increase in number during the course of life of the individual, typically developed from the internal and external saddles. The siphuncle The siphuncle is a strand of tissue passing longitudinally through the shell of a cephalopod mollusk. Only cephalopods with chambered shells have siphuncles, such as the extinct ammonites and belemnites, and the living nautiluses, cuttlefish, and ... is prochoanitic, with septal necks projecting forward. Derivation is from the Anarcestida in the middle Devonian. References * Miller, Furnish, and Schindewolf, 1957. Paleozoic Ammonoidea. Treastise on Invertebrate Paleontology, Part L. Geological Society of America. * Tornoceratina iGoniaton line, Mar. 5, 2015 The Paleobiology DatabaseOct.1, 2007 Goniatitida Middle Devonian first appearances ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Anarcestida
Agoniatitida, also known as the Anarcestida, is the ancestral order within the cephalopod subclass Ammonoidea originating from bactritoid nautiloids, that lived in what would become Africa, Asia, Australia, Europe, and North America during the Devonian from about the lower boundary of Zlichovian stage (corresponding to late Pragian, after 409.1 mya) into Taghanic event during upper middle Givetian (between 385 and 384 mya), existing for approximately 25 million years. Taxonomic nomenclature The Order Agoniatitida, named by Ruzhencev, 1957, is a subjective synonym for the Order Anarcestida, named by Miller and Furnish, 1954.Miller, Furnish, and Schindewolf, 1957; Paleozoic Ammonoidea; Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology, Part-L, Ammonoidea, Geological Society of America & Univ of Kansas. Accordingly, the name Anarcerstida is based on the family Anarcestidae (ex Anarcestinae) of Steinmann 1890. That of Agoniatiida is based on the family Agnoniatidae of Holzapfel, 1899. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Goniatitida Families
Goniatids, informally goniatites, are ammonoid cephalopods that form the order Goniatitida, derived from the more primitive Agoniatitida during the Middle Devonian some 390 million years ago (around Eifelian stage). Goniatites (goniatitids) survived the Late Devonian extinction to flourish during the Carboniferous and Permian only to become extinct at the end of the Permian some 139 million years later. Morphology All goniatites possessed an external shell, which is divided internally into chambers filled with gas giving it buoyancy during the life of the animal. An open chamber at the front of the shell provided living space for the goniatitid animal, with access to open water through a ventral siphuncle. The general morphology and habit of goniatites was probably similar to that of their later relatives the ammonites, being free swimming and possessing a head with two well developed eyes and arms (or tentacles). Goniatite shells are small to medium in size, almost always l ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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