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Torbenia
''Torbenia'' is a genus of butterflies, commonly called Zulus, in the family Lycaenidae. They are endemic to the Afrotropical realm. The five species were formerly placed in ''Ornipholidotos''. The genus is named after Torben Bjørn Larsen. Species Listed alphabetically:''Torbenia''
at Markku Savela's ''Lepidoptera and some other life forms'' *'''' (Stempffer, 1967) *'''' (Stempffer, 1969) *''

Torbenia Aurivilliusi
''Torbenia aurivilliusi'' is a butterfly in the family Lycaenidae. It is found in Cameroon, Equatorial Guinea, Gabon and the Republic of the Congo The Republic of the Congo (french: République du Congo, ln, Republíki ya Kongó), also known as Congo-Brazzaville, the Congo Republic or simply either Congo or the Congo, is a country located in the western coast of Central Africa to the w .... The habitat consists of forests. References External links * * Butterflies described in 1967 Poritiinae {{Poritiinae-stub ...
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Torbenia Stempfferi
''Torbenia stempfferi'' is a butterfly in the family Lycaenidae. It is found in Cameroon, the Republic of the Congo and the Democratic Republic of the Congo The Democratic Republic of the Congo (french: République démocratique du Congo (RDC), colloquially "La RDC" ), informally Congo-Kinshasa, DR Congo, the DRC, the DROC, or the Congo, and formerly and also colloquially Zaire, is a country in .... Subspecies *''Torbenia stempfferi stempfferi'' (Cameroon) *''Torbenia stempfferi littoralis'' Collins & Larsen, 2000 (Cameroon) *''Torbenia stempfferi cuypersi'' Libert, 2005 (Cameroon, Congo, Democratic Republic of the Congo) References Butterflies described in 2000 Poritiinae {{Poritiinae-stub ...
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Torbenia Larseni
''Torbenia larseni'', the Larsen's glasswing, is a butterfly in the family Lycaenidae. It is found in southern Nigeria and western Cameroon. The habitat consists of forests. The species was named after Torben Bjørn Larsen. References

Butterflies described in 1969 Poritiinae {{Poritiinae-stub ...
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Torbenia Persimilis
''Torbenia persimilis'', the Libert's glasswing, is a butterfly in the family Lycaenidae. It is found in Nigeria (the Cross River loop), Cameroon and Gabon Gabon (; ; snq, Ngabu), officially the Gabonese Republic (french: République gabonaise), is a country on the west coast of Central Africa. Located on the equator, it is bordered by Equatorial Guinea to the northwest, Cameroon to the north .... The habitat consists of forests. References Butterflies described in 2000 Poritiinae {{Poritiinae-stub ...
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Torbenia Wojtusiaki
''Torbenia wojtusiaki'', the Wojtusiak's glasswing, is a butterfly in the family Lycaenidae. It is found in Ivory Coast, Ghana and western Nigeria. The habitat consists of forests. Adults feed on extrafloral nectaries on ''Marantochloa ''Marantochloa'' is a genus of plant in family Marantaceae described as a genus in 1860.Butterflies described in 2000 Poritiinae {{Poritiinae-stub ...
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Ornipholidotos
''Ornipholidotos'' is a genus of butterflies, commonly called glasswings or white mimics, in the family Lycaenidae. The species of this genus are endemic to the Afrotropical realm. Species * '' Ornipholidotos abriana'' Libert, 2005 * '' Ornipholidotos ackeryi'' Libert, 2000 * ''Ornipholidotos amieti'' Libert, 2005 * '' Ornipholidotos annae'' Libert, 2005 * '' Ornipholidotos aureliae'' Libert, 2005 * '' Ornipholidotos ayissii'' Libert, 2005 * '' Ornipholidotos bakotae'' Stempffer, 1962 * '' Ornipholidotos bitjeensis'' Stempffer, 1957 * ''Ornipholidotos boormani'' Libert, 2005 * '' Ornipholidotos carolinae'' Libert, 2005 * '' Ornipholidotos congoensis'' Stempffer, 1964 * '' Ornipholidotos dargei'' Libert, 2000 * '' Ornipholidotos dowsetti'' Collins & Larsen, 2000 * '' Ornipholidotos ducarmei'' Libert, 2005 * '' Ornipholidotos emarginata'' (Hawker-Smith, 1933) * '' Ornipholidotos etoumbi'' Stempffer, 1967 * '' Ornipholidotos evoei'' Libert, 2005 * ''Ornipholidotos francisci'' Libert, ...
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Torben Bjørn Larsen
Torben Bjørn Larsen (12 January 1944 – 21 May 2015) was a Danish economist and lepidopterist who studied butterflies particularly in Asia and Africa. He wrote books on the butterflies of west Africa, the Middle East and numerous papers, including descriptions of many new taxa. Based on his travels on work and studies of butterflies he also published a book on his adventures. Life and work Larsen was born in Copenhagen, Denmark but his early days were spent in Greece where he became interested in butterflies. He grew up with his grandmother in Copenhagen briefly and then moved to live in India from 1951. His father worked for the UNICEF and he was sent in 1954 to a Danish mission school in Kotagiri in the Nilgiris in southern India. In 1958 he went to Denmark to continue studies and received a masters degree in economics from the University of Copenhagen in 1970. He married Kiki in 1971 (died 1989) and worked as a social demographer in the area of family planning with the Intern ...
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Poritiinae
Poritiinae is a subfamily of butterflies, the larvae of which are unusual for feeding on algae and foliate lichen. Systematics * Tribe Poritiini - Oriental ** '' Cyaniriodes'' de Nicéville, 1890 (sometimes placed in Lycaeninae) ** ''Poriskina'' Druce, 1895 ** ''Poritia'' Moore, 1886 ** ''Simiskina'' Distant, 1886 ** '' Deramas'' Distant, 1886 * Tribe Liptenini - Afrotropical (sometimes ranked as a subfamily: Lipteninae) ** Subtribe Pentilina *** ''Alaena'' Boisduval, 1847 *** '' Ptelina'' Clench, 1965 *** '' Telipna'' Aurivillius, 1895 *** ''Liptenara'' Bethune-Baker, 1915 *** ''Pentila'' Westwood, 1851 *** ''Ornipholidotos'' Bethune-Baker, 1914 *** ''Torbenia'' Libert, 2000 ** Subtribe Durbaniina *** ''Durbania'' Trimen, 1862 *** ''Durbaniella'' van Son, 1959 *** ''Durbaniopsis'' van Son, 1959 ** Subtribe Mimacraeina *** ''Cooksonia'' Druce, 1905 *** '' Mimacraea'' Butler, 1872 *** '' Mimeresia'' Stempffer, 1961 ** Subtribe Liptenina *** '' Pseuderesia'' Butler, 1874 * ...
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Butterflies
Butterflies are insects in the macrolepidopteran clade Rhopalocera from the Order (biology), order Lepidoptera, which also includes moths. Adult butterflies have large, often brightly coloured wings, and conspicuous, fluttering flight. The group comprises the large superfamily (zoology), superfamily Papilionoidea, which contains at least one former group, the skippers (formerly the superfamily "Hesperioidea"), and the most recent analyses suggest it also contains the moth-butterflies (formerly the superfamily "Hedyloidea"). Butterfly fossils date to the Paleocene, about 56 million years ago. Butterflies have a four-stage life cycle, as like most insects they undergo Holometabolism, complete metamorphosis. Winged adults lay eggs on the food plant on which their larvae, known as caterpillars, will feed. The caterpillars grow, sometimes very rapidly, and when fully developed, pupate in a chrysalis. When metamorphosis is complete, the pupal skin splits, the adult insect climbs o ...
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Lycaenidae
Lycaenidae is the second-largest family of butterflies (behind Nymphalidae, brush-footed butterflies), with over 6,000 species worldwide, whose members are also called gossamer-winged butterflies. They constitute about 30% of the known butterfly species. The family comprises seven subfamilies, including the blues (Polyommatinae), the coppers (Lycaeninae), the hairstreaks (Theclinae), and the harvesters (Miletinae). Description, food, and life cycle Adults are small, under 5 cm usually, and brightly coloured, sometimes with a metallic gloss. Larvae are often flattened rather than cylindrical, with glands that may produce secretions that attract and subdue ants. Their cuticles tend to be thickened. Some larvae are capable of producing vibrations and low sounds that are transmitted through the substrates they inhabit. They use these sounds to communicate with ants.Pierce, N. E.; Braby, M. F.; Heath, A.; Lohman, D. J.; Mathew, J.; Rand, D. B. & Travassos, M. A. (2002)"The eco ...
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Endemic Species
Endemism is the state of a species being found in a single defined geographic location, such as an island, state, nation, country or other defined zone; organisms that are indigenous to a place are not endemic to it if they are also found elsewhere. For example, the Cape sugarbird is found exclusively in southwestern South Africa and is therefore said to be ''endemic'' to that particular part of the world. An endemic species can be also be referred to as an ''endemism'' or in scientific literature as an ''endemite''. For example '' Cytisus aeolicus'' is an endemite of the Italian flora. '' Adzharia renschi'' was once believed to be an endemite of the Caucasus, but it was later discovered to be a non-indigenous species from South America belonging to a different genus. The extreme opposite of an endemic species is one with a cosmopolitan distribution, having a global or widespread range. A rare alternative term for a species that is endemic is "precinctive", which applies to s ...
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Afrotropical Realm
The Afrotropical realm is one of Earth's eight biogeographic realms. It includes Africa south of the Sahara Desert, the majority of the Arabian Peninsula, the island of Madagascar, southern Iran and extreme southwestern Pakistan, and the islands of the western Indian Ocean. It was formerly known as the Ethiopian Zone or Ethiopian Region. Major ecological regions Most of the Afrotropic, with the exception of Africa's southern tip, has a tropical climate. A broad belt of deserts, including the Atlantic and Sahara deserts of northern Africa and the Arabian Desert of the Arabian Peninsula, separate the Afrotropic from the Palearctic realm, which includes northern Africa and temperate Eurasia. Sahel and Sudan South of the Sahara, two belts of tropical grassland and savanna run east and west across the continent, from the Atlantic Ocean to the Ethiopian Highlands. Immediately south of the Sahara lies the Sahel belt, a transitional zone of semi-arid short grassland and vachellia sa ...
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