subfamily
In biological classification, a subfamily (Latin: ', plural ') is an auxiliary (intermediate) taxonomic rank, next below family but more inclusive than genus. Standard nomenclature rules end subfamily botanical names with "-oideae", and zoologi ...
of
butterflies
Butterflies are insects in the macrolepidopteran clade Rhopalocera from the Order (biology), order Lepidoptera, which also includes moths. Adult butterflies have large, often brightly coloured wings, and conspicuous, fluttering flight. The ...
, the larvae of which are unusual for feeding on
algae
Algae (; singular alga ) is an informal term for a large and diverse group of photosynthetic eukaryotic organisms. It is a polyphyletic grouping that includes species from multiple distinct clades. Included organisms range from unicellular mic ...
and foliate
lichen
A lichen ( , ) is a composite organism that arises from algae or cyanobacteria living among filaments of multiple fungi species in a mutualistic relationship.Poritiini -
Oriental
The Orient is a term for the East in relation to Europe, traditionally comprising anything belonging to the Eastern world. It is the antonym of ''Occident'', the Western World. In English, it is largely a metonym for, and coterminous with, the ...
** '' Cyaniriodes'' de Nicéville, 1890 (sometimes placed in
Lycaeninae
Lycaeninae, the coppers, are a subfamily of the gossamer-winged butterflies (Lycaenidae).
The relationships of the Lycaenidae are not fully resolved. Sometimes the Polyommatinae and Theclinae are included in the Lycaeninae; in particular the The ...
)
** ''
Poriskina
''Poriskina'' is a monotypic butterfly genus in the family Lycaenidae. Its sole species, ''Poriskina phakos'', is known from Mindanao in the Philippines. Both the genus and the species were first described by Hamilton Herbert Druce
Hamilton ...
'' Druce, 1895
** ''
Poritia
''Poritia'' is a genus of lycaenid butterflies. The species of this genus are found in the Indomalayan realm. ''Poritia'' was erected by Frederic Moore in 1887.
Species
*'' Poritia erycinoides'' (C. Felder & R. Felder, 1865)
*'' Poritia fruh ...
'' Moore, 1886
** ''
Simiskina
''Simiskina'' is a genus of butterflies in the family Lycaenidae. The genus was erected by William Lucas Distant in 1886. The species of this genus are found in the Indomalayan realm
The Indomalayan realm is one of the eight biogeographic rea ...
Alaena
''Alaena'' is a genus of butterflies, commonly called Zulus, in the family Lycaenidae. They are endemic to the Afrotropics.
Species
Listed alphabetically:Ptelina'' Clench, 1965
*** '' Telipna'' Aurivillius, 1895
*** ''
Liptenara
''Liptenara'' is a genus of butterflies in the family Lycaenidae. The three species of this genus are endemic to the Afrotropical realm.
Species
*''Liptenara batesi
''Liptenara batesi'' is a butterfly in the family Lycaenidae. It is found in ...
'' Bethune-Baker, 1915
*** ''
Pentila
''Pentila'' is a genus of butterflies, commonly called pentilas or buffs, in the family Lycaenidae. The species of this genus are endemic to the Afrotropics. For other butterflies called buffs, see genus '' Baliochila''.
Species
Listed alphabe ...
'' Westwood, 1851
*** ''
Ornipholidotos
''Ornipholidotos'' is a genus of butterflies, commonly called glasswings or white mimics, in the family Lycaenidae. The species of this genus are endemic to the Afrotropical realm.
Species
* '' Ornipholidotos abriana'' Libert, 2005
* '' Orniph ...
'' Bethune-Baker, 1914
*** ''
Torbenia
''Torbenia'' is a genus of butterflies, commonly called Zulus, in the family Lycaenidae. They are endemic to the Afrotropical realm. The five species were formerly placed in ''Ornipholidotos''. The genus is named after Torben Bjørn Larsen.
Spe ...
Durbania
''Durbania'' is a genus of butterflies in the family Lycaenidae. The species of this genus are endemic to the Afrotropical realm
The Afrotropical realm is one of Earth's eight biogeographic realms. It includes Africa south of the Sahara Dese ...
'' Trimen, 1862
*** ''
Durbaniella
''Durbaniella'' is a genus of butterflies in the family Lycaenidae.The single species is endemic to the Afrotropics
The Afrotropical realm is one of Earth's eight biogeographic realms. It includes Africa south of the Sahara Desert, the maj ...
'' van Son, 1959
*** ''
Durbaniopsis
''Durbaniopsis'' is a genus of butterflies in the family Lycaenidae. The Monotypic, single species is Endemic species, endemic to the Afrotropical realm, Afrotropics.
Species
*''Durbaniopsis saga'' (Trimen, 1883)
External links''Durbaniopsis''< ...
Cooksonia
''Cooksonia'' is an extinct group of primitive land plants, treated as a genus, although probably not monophyletic. The earliest ''Cooksonia'' date from the middle of the Silurian (the Wenlock epoch); the group continued to be an important comp ...
Baliochila
''Baliochila'' is a genus of butterflies, commonly called buffs, in the family Lycaenidae. They are found only in the Afrotropical realm.
Species
*'' Baliochila abri'' Henning & Henning, 2004
*'' Baliochila amanica'' Stempffer & Bennet, 1953
* ...
Liptena
''Liptena'' is a genus of butterflies in the family Lycaenidae. ''Liptena'' is endemic to the Afrotropics
The Afrotropical realm is one of Earth's eight biogeographic realms. It includes Africa south of the Sahara Desert, the majority of the ...
'' Westwood, 1851
*** ''
Obania
''Obania'' is a genus of butterflies in the family Lycaenidae. ''Obania'' is endemic to the Afrotropical realm.
Species
*'' Obania subvariegata'' (Grose-Smith & Kirby, 1890)
*'' Obania tullia'' (Staudinger, 1892)
*''Obania tulliana
''Obania t ...
Stempfferia
''Stempfferia'' is a genus of butterflies in the family Lycaenidae. The species of this genus are endemic to the Afrotropical realm.
Species
*Subgenus ''Stempfferia'' Jackson, 1962
**'' Stempfferia abri'' Libert & Collins, 1997
**'' Stempfferia ...
Deloneura
''Deloneura'' is a genus of butterflies in the family Lycaenidae, endemic to the Afrotropics.
Species
*'' Deloneura abri'' Congdon & Collins, 1998
*'' Deloneura barca'' (Grose-Smith, 1901)
*'' Deloneura immaculata'' Trimen, 1868
*'' Deloneura mi ...
Hypophytala
''Hypophytala'' is a genus of butterflies in the family Lycaenidae. The species of this genus are endemic to the Afrotropical realm.
Species
*''Hypophytala benitensis'' (Holland, 1890)
*''Hypophytala henleyi'' (Kirby, 1890)
*''Hypophytala hyetta ...
Iridana
''Iridana'' is a genus of butterflies in the family Lycaenidae. The species of this genus are endemic to the Afrotropical realm.
The only known specimen of '' I. agneshorvathae'' was collected at light in Bia National Park in western Ghana from ...
Royal Museum for Central Africa
The Royal Museum for Central Africa or RMCA ( nl, Koninklijk Museum voor Midden-Afrika or KMMA; french: Musée royal de l'Afrique centrale or MRAC; german: Königliches Museum für Zentralafrika or KMZA), also officially known as the AfricaMuse ...