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Thuluth
''Thuluth'' (, ' or , '; , ''Sols''; Turkish: ''Sülüs'', from ' "one-third") is an Arabic script variety of Islamic calligraphy. The straight angular forms of Kufic were replaced in the new script by curved and oblique lines. In ''Thuluth'', one-third of each letter slopes, from which the name (meaning "a third" in Arabic) comes. An alternative theory to the meaning is that the smallest width of the letter is one third of its widest part. It is an elegant, cursive script, used in medieval times on mosque decorations. Various calligraphic styles evolved from ''Thuluth'' through slight changes of form. History The greatest contributions to the evolution of the ''Thuluth'' script occurred in the Ottoman Empire in three successive steps that Ottoman art historians call "calligraphical revolutions": *The first revolution occurred in the 15th century and was initiated by the master calligrapher Sheikh Hamdullah. *The second revolution resulted from the work of the Ottoman calligr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Islamic Calligraphy
Islamic calligraphy is the artistic practice of penmanship and calligraphy, in the languages which use Arabic alphabet or the Arabic script#Additional letters used in other languages, alphabets derived from it. It is a highly stylized and structured form of handwriting that follows artistic conventions and is often used for List of Islamic texts, Islamic religious texts, Islamic architecture, architecture, and Islamic decoration, decoration. It includes Arabic calligraphy, Arabic, Persian calligraphy, Persian, Ottoman Turkish alphabet, Ottoman, and Urdu script, Urdu calligraphy.Chapman, Caroline (2012). ''Encyclopedia of Islamic Art and Architecture'', It is known in Arabic language, Arabic as (), literally meaning "line", "design", or "construction". The development of Islamic calligraphy is strongly tied to the Qur'an, as chapters and verses from the Qur'an are a common and almost universal text upon which Islamic calligraphy is based. Although artistic depictions of people ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Flag Of Saudi Arabia
The national flag of Saudi Arabia is a green background with Arabic inscription and a sword in white. The inscription is the Islamic creed, or ''shahada'': "There is no deity but God; Muhammad is the Messenger of God". The current design has been used by the government of Saudi Arabia since 15 March 1973. Design The Arabic inscription on the flag, written in the calligraphic Thuluth Script, is the ''shahada'' or Islamic declaration of faith: : : ' :'There is no god but God; Muhammad is the Messenger of God.' The flag's green represents Islam, and the sword stands for safety and justice. The flag is manufactured with identical obverse and reverse sides, to ensure the ''shahada'' reads correctly, from right to left, from either side. The sword also points to the left on both sides, in the direction of the script. The usual color of the flag's green was approximated by Album des pavillons as Pantone 330 C, while the color used on flags at United Nations is approximately Panton ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Jeli Thuluth
Jeli Thuluth () is a calligraphic variety of Arabic script. This term was applied to writings in Thuluth script when the point of the pen employed was at least one centimeter broad. Jeli Thuluth was used in large panels and for inscriptions carved in stone on buildings or tombstone A gravestone or tombstone is a marker, usually stone, that is placed over a grave. A marker set at the head of the grave may be called a headstone. An especially old or elaborate stone slab may be called a funeral stele, stela, or slab. The us ...s. External links Hatvesanat.com(mainly ) Calligraphy GalleryJeli thuluth and other fonts Arabic calligraphy {{calligraphy-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kufic
The Kufic script () is a style of Arabic script, that gained prominence early on as a preferred script for Quran transcription and architectural decoration, and it has since become a reference and an archetype for a number of other Arabic scripts. It developed from the Arabic alphabet in the city of Kufa, from which its name is derived. Kufic is characterized by angular, rectilinear letterforms and its horizontal orientation. There are many different versions of Kufic, such as square Kufic, floriated Kufic, knotted Kufic, and others. The artistic styling of Kufic led to its use in a non-Arabic context in Europe, as decoration on architecture, known as pseudo-Kufic. History Origin of the Kufic script Calligraphers in the early Islamic period used a variety of methods to transcribe Quran manuscripts. Arabic calligraphy became one of the most important branches of Islamic Art. Calligraphers came out with the new style of writing called Kufic. Kufic is the oldest calligraphic f ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mustafa Râkim
Mustafa Râkim (; Modern Turkish: ''Mustafa Râkım'') (1757–1826), was an Ottoman calligrapher. He extended and reformed Hâfiz Osman's style, placing greater emphasis on technical perfection, which broadened the calligraphic art to encompass the Sülüs script as well as the Nesih script. Life and career Mustafa Râkim was born in Ünye on the Black Sea in 1758. When he was very young, his father, Mehmed Kaptan, took him to Istanbul to live with his brother, İsmail Zühdi Efendi, who was an established calligrapher. After Ismail was appointed as an instructor of calligraphy at the Imperial Palace, the young Râkim received his formal training there studying under his brother. Mustafa Râkim would become Ismail Zühidi's most celebrated pupil. Ismail Zühidi and Mustafa Râkim went on to develop their own style of calligraphy based on the work of Hâfiz Osman. They were able to develop a style of ''celî sülüs'' that was aesthetically pleasing, something that other ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mehmed Şevkî Efendi
Qur'an copied by Mehmed Şevkî Efendi. Sakıp Sabancı Museum Mehmed Shevki Efendi (; Modern Turkish: ''Mehmed Şevki Efendi''; 1829 Kastamonu–1887 Istanbul) was a prominent Ottoman calligrapher. He is known for his Thuluth- Naskh works, and his style developed into the ''Shevki Mektebi'' school, which many contemporary calligraphers in the style take as a reference. Life and career Born in Kastamonu, a town near the Black Sea, in 1829, Mehmed Shevki Efendi was the son of Ahmad Agha from Tajc. He was sent to Istanbul at a young age, where he was raised by his uncle. He received his earliest formal training from his uncle, Mehmed Hulûsi Efendi (d. 1894) and obtained a Diploma at the age of fourteen. He was trained in the ''thuluth'' and the ''naskh'' scripts. Later, his uncle wanted him to study with a more experienced master and sought to apprentice him to Kazasker Mustafa Izzet Efendi. However, the boy refused to study with any master, other than his uncle. Ultima ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Flag Of Afghanistan
The national flag of the Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan (; ), adopted on 15 August 2021 due to the Taliban's victory in the 2001–2021 war, features a white field with a black ''Shahada'' inscribed. Since the 20th century, Afghanistan has changed its national flag several times. The national flag had black, red and green colours most of the time during the period. In contrast, the tricolour flag of the internationally recognized Islamic Republic of Afghanistan, still in use internationally, consists of three vertical stripes in black, red and green, with the national emblem at the centre in white. This emblem is encircled by sheaves of wheat and encompasses several elements: a ''Shahada'', a ''Takbir'', rays of the sun, a mosque with a ''mihrab'' and ''minbar'', two miniature Afghan flags, the year 1298 in the Solar Hijri calendar (corresponding to 1919 in the Gregorian calendar), and the name of the nation. A version of this tricolour flag, introduced by King Amanullah Khan i ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Yaqut Al-Musta'simi
Yaqut al-Musta'simi (Arabic: ياقوت المستعصمي) (died 1298) was a well-known Calligraphy, calligrapher and secretary of the Al-Musta'sim, last Abbasid caliph. Life and work He was probably of Pontic Greeks, Greek origin in Amaseia and carried off when he was very young into slavery. Made into a eunuch, he was converted to Islam as Abu’l-Majd Jamal al-Din Yaqut, better known as Yaqut al-Musta‘simi because he served Al-Musta'sim, Caliph al-Musta‘sim, the last Abbasid caliph. He was a slave in the court of al-Musta'sim and went on to become a calligrapher in the Royal Court. He spent most of his life in Baghdad. He studied with the female scholar and calligrapher, Shuhda Bint Al-‘Ibari, who was herself a student in the direct line of Ibn al-Bawwab. During the Mongol invasion of Baghdad (1258), he took refuge in the minaret of a mosque so he could finish his calligraphy practice, while the city was being ransacked. His career, however, flourished under Mongol pa ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Muhaqqaq
Muhaqqaq is one of the main six types of Islamic calligraphy, calligraphic script in Arabic.John F. A. Sawyer, J. M. Y. Simpson, R. E. Asher (eds.), ''Concise Encyclopedia of Language and Religion'', Elsevier, New York 2001, , p. 253. The Arabic language, Arabic word ''muḥaqqaq'' () means "consummate" or "clear", and originally was used to denote any accomplished piece of calligraphy.Mansour, 139–140. Often used to copy ''maṣāḥif'' (singular ''muṣḥaf'', i.e. loose sheets of Quran texts), this intricate type of script was considered one of the most beautiful, as well as one of the most difficult to execute well.Mansour, 30. The script saw its greatest use in the Mameluk era (1250–1516/1517).Mansour, 278 In the Ottoman Empire, it was gradually displaced by ''Thuluth'' and ''Naskh (script), Naskh''; from the 18th century onward, its use was largely restricted to the ''Basmala'' in ''Hilyas''.Mansour, 187. History The earliest reference to ''muḥaqqaq'' writing is f ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tawhid
''Tawhid'' () is the concept of monotheism in Islam, it is the religion's central and single most important concept upon which a Muslim's entire religious adherence rests. It unequivocally holds that God is indivisibly one (''ahad'') and single (''wahid''). Tawhid constitutes the foremost article of the Muslim profession of submission.D. Gimaret, ''Tawhid'', Encyclopedia of Islam. The first part of the Islamic declaration of faith ('' shahada'') is the declaration of belief in the oneness of God. To attribute divinity to anything or anyone else, is considered '' shirk'', which is an unpardonable sin unless repented afterwards, according to the Qur'an. Muslims believe that the entirety of the Islamic teaching rests on the principle of ''tawhid''.Tariq Ramadan (2005), p. 203. From an Islamic standpoint, there is an uncompromising nondualism at the heart of the Islamic beliefs ('' aqida'') that is seen as distinguishing Islam from other major religions. The Quran teaches ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Arabic Diacritics
The Arabic script has numerous diacritics, which include consonant pointing known as (, ), and supplementary diacritics known as (, ). The latter include the vowel marks termed (, ; , ', ). The Arabic script is a modified abjad, where all letters are consonants, leaving it up to the reader to fill in the vowel sounds. Short consonants and long vowels are represented by letters, but short vowels and consonant length are not generally indicated in writing. ' is optional to represent missing vowels and consonant length. Modern Arabic is always written with the ''i‘jām''—consonant pointing—but only religious texts, children's books and works for learners are written with the full ''tashkīl''—vowel guides and consonant length. It is, however, not uncommon for authors to add diacritics to a word or letter when the grammatical case or the meaning is deemed otherwise ambiguous. In addition, classical works and historical documents rendered to the general public are often ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Signed By Sultan Mahmud II - Levha (calligraphic Inscription) - Google Art Project
Signing or Signed may refer to: * Using sign language * Signature, placing one's name on a document * Signature (other) * Manual communication, signing as a form of communication using the hands in place of the voice * Digital signature, signing as a method of authenticating digital information * Traffic sign Traffic signs or road signs are signs erected at the side of or above roads to give instructions or provide information to road users. The earliest signs were simple wooden or stone milestones. Later, signs with directional arms were introduc ..., a road with a sign identifying is considered ''signed'' See also * Wikipedia:Sign your posts on talk pages, the Wikipedia policy of signing Talk pages {{disambig ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
