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Thrandina
''Thrandina'' is a genus of jumping spiders, with three species found in Ecuador. It is unique among New World salticids in having strikingly large posterior median eyes.Maddison 2006 Description ''Thrandina'' and its sister genus ''Galianora'' share the ancestral salticid traits of a tarsal claw on the female palpus and a median apophysis on the male palp. This is rare among neotropical salticids. Both genera are informally grouped as "lapsiines", together with ''Lapsias''. However, the shared basal characteristics with ''Lapsias'' could be symplesiomorphic. Males of ''Thrandina parocula'' are about long. Their carapace is dark brown to black, except for a central pale longitudinal stripe on the thorax. The legs are pale to medium brown, with a darker femur I. The abdomen is medium brown with lighter chevrons above, and pale below with dark speckles. The female is slightly smaller with a bodylength of . It looks like the male, but with more annulate legs. ''Thrandina parocu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lapsias
''Lapsias'' is a spider genus of the jumping spider family, Salticidae. Phylogeny ''Lapsias'', '' Galianora'' and '' Thrandina'' are informally classified as "lapsiines". These are believed to be basal jumping spiders. While ''Galianora'' and ''Thrandina'' are sister genera, it is not certain if they form a clade with ''Lapsias'', or if the common characteristics are symplesiomorphic.Maddison 2006a Description '' Lapsias lorax'' is typical of the genus, with large eyes and prominent male palps. There is a short video of ''Lapsias lorax'', showing typical jumping spider behavior.Wayne Maddison, Beaty Biodiversity Museum http://vimeo.com/50697273. Retrieved January 27, 2014 Species , the World Spider Catalog accepted 12 species: * '' Lapsias canandea'' Maddison, 2012 – Ecuador * '' Lapsias ciliatus'' Simon, 1900 – Venezuela * '' Lapsias cyrboides'' Simon, 1900 – Venezuela * '' Lapsias estebanensis'' Simon, 1900 – Venezuela * '' Lapsias guamani'' Maddison, 2012 – Ecuad ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Spartaeinae
The Spartaeinae are a subfamily of the spider family Salticidae (jumping spiders). The subfamily was established by Fred R. Wanless in 1984 to include the groups Boetheae, Cocaleae, Lineae, Codeteae and Cyrbeae, which in turn were defined by Eugène Simon. The Spartaeinae are palaeotropical, with an exceptional diversity in the Malaysian and Indonesian archipelagos. They are unusual salticids that are considered basal to the phylogenetic tree of jumping spiders. Like the Lyssomaninae they lack many derived features that the Salticinae possess. Spartaeinae usually have large posterior median eyes. However, these were reduced in the genera ''Cyrba'', ''Gelotia'' and ''Wanlessia''. Genera In 2015, Spartaeinae was divided into three tribes with 29 genera. One has been added since. Tribe Cocalodini * '' Allococalodes'' Wanless, 1982 * '' Cocalodes'' Pocock, 1897 * '' Cucudeta'' Maddison, 2009 * '' Depreissia'' Lessert, 1942 * '' Tabuina'' Maddison, 2009 * '' Yamangalea'' Madd ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Wayne P
Wayne may refer to: People with the given name and surname * Wayne (given name) * Wayne (surname) Geographical Places with name ''Wayne'' may take their name from a person with that surname; the most famous such person was Gen. "Mad" Anthony Wayne from the former Northwest Territory during the American revolutionary period. Places in Canada * Wayne, Alberta Places in the United States Cities, towns and unincorporated communities: * Wayne, Illinois * Wayne City, Illinois * Wayne, Indiana * Wayne, Kansas * Wayne, Maine * Wayne, Michigan * Wayne, Nebraska * Wayne, New Jersey * Wayne, New York * Wayne, Ohio * Wayne, Oklahoma * Wayne, Pennsylvania * Wayne, West Virginia * Wayne, Lafayette County, Wisconsin * Wayne, Washington County, Wisconsin ** Wayne (community), Wisconsin Other places: * Wayne County (other) * Wayne Township (other) * Waynesborough, Gen. Anthony Wayne's early homestead in Pennsylvania * Wayne National Forest in southeastern Ohio * John W ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Symplesiomorphic
In phylogenetics, a plesiomorphy ("near form") and symplesiomorphy are synonyms for an ancestral character shared by all members of a clade, which does not distinguish the clade from other clades. Plesiomorphy, symplesiomorphy, apomorphy, and synapomorphy, all mean a trait shared between species because they share an ancestral species. Apomorphic and synapomorphic characteristics convey much information about evolutionary clades and can be used to define taxa. However, plesiomorphic and symplesiomorphic characteristics cannot. The term ''symplesiomorphy'' was introduced in 1950 by German entomologist Willi Hennig. Examples A backbone is a plesiomorphic trait shared by birds and mammals, and does not help in placing an animal in one or the other of these two clades. Birds and mammals share this trait because both clades are descended from the same far distant ancestor. Other clades, e.g. snakes, lizards, turtles, fish, frogs, all have backbones and none are either birds ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Invertebrates Of Ecuador
Invertebrates are a paraphyletic group of animals that neither possess nor develop a vertebral column (commonly known as a ''backbone'' or ''spine''), derived from the notochord. This is a grouping including all animals apart from the chordate subphylum Vertebrata. Familiar examples of invertebrates include arthropods, mollusks, annelids, echinoderms and cnidarians. The majority of animal species are invertebrates; one estimate puts the figure at 97%. Many invertebrate taxa have a greater number and variety of species than the entire subphylum of Vertebrata. Invertebrates vary widely in size, from 50 μm (0.002 in) rotifers to the 9–10 m (30–33 ft) colossal squid. Some so-called invertebrates, such as the Tunicata and Cephalochordata, are more closely related to vertebrates than to other invertebrates. This makes the invertebrates paraphyletic, so the term has little meaning in taxonomy. Etymology The word "invertebrate" comes from the Latin word ''vertebra'', which ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Salticidae
Jumping spiders are a group of spiders that constitute the family Salticidae. As of 2019, this family contained over 600 described genera and over 6,000 described species, making it the largest family of spiders at 13% of all species. Jumping spiders have some of the best vision among arthropods and use it in courtship, hunting, and navigation. Although they normally move unobtrusively and fairly slowly, most species are capable of very agile jumps, notably when hunting, but sometimes in response to sudden threats or crossing long gaps. Both their book lungs and tracheal system are well-developed, and they use both systems (bimodal breathing). Jumping spiders are generally recognized by their eye pattern. All jumping spiders have four pairs of eyes, with the anterior median pair being particularly large. Distinguishing characteristics Jumping spiders are among the easiest to distinguish from similar spider families because of the shape of the cephalothorax and their eye pa ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Andes
The Andes, Andes Mountains or Andean Mountains (; ) are the longest continental mountain range in the world, forming a continuous highland along the western edge of South America. The range is long, wide (widest between 18°S – 20°S latitude), and has an average height of about . The Andes extend from north to south through seven South American countries: Venezuela, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, Bolivia, Chile, and Argentina. Along their length, the Andes are split into several ranges, separated by intermediate depressions. The Andes are the location of several high plateaus—some of which host major cities such as Quito, Bogotá, Cali, Arequipa, Medellín, Bucaramanga, Sucre, Mérida, El Alto and La Paz. The Altiplano plateau is the world's second-highest after the Tibetan plateau. These ranges are in turn grouped into three major divisions based on climate: the Tropical Andes, the Dry Andes, and the Wet Andes. The Andes Mountains are the highest m ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mirkwood
Mirkwood is a name used for a great dark fictional forest in novels by Sir Walter Scott and William Morris in the 19th century, and by J. R. R. Tolkien in the 20th century. The critic Tom Shippey explains that the name evoked the excitement of the wildness of Europe's ancient North. At least two distinct Middle-earth forests are named Mirkwood in Tolkien's legendarium. One is in the First Age, when the highlands of Dorthonion north of Beleriand became known as Mirkwood after falling under Morgoth's control. The more famous Mirkwood was in Wilderland, east of the river Anduin. It had acquired the name Mirkwood after it fell under the influence of the Necromancer; before that it had been known as Greenwood the Great. This Mirkwood features significantly in ''The Hobbit'' and in the film '' The Hobbit: The Desolation of Smaug''. The term ''Mirkwood'' derives from the forest ''Myrkviðr'' of Norse mythology; that forest has been identified by scholars as representing a wooded regi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Thranduil
Thranduil is a fictional character in J. R. R. Tolkien's Middle-earth legendarium. He first appears as a supporting character in ''The Hobbit'', where he is simply known as the Elvenking, the ruler of the Elf (Middle-earth), Elves who lived in the woodland realm of Mirkwood. The character is properly named in Tolkien's ''The Lord of the Rings'', and appears briefly in ''The Silmarillion'' and ''Unfinished Tales''. The character has appeared in adaptations of ''The Hobbit'' in other media. The Hobbit (film series), The 2010s film adaptations of ''The Hobbit'' expands the character's role within the narrative, using information from Tolkien's later works about the character and original material by the filmmakers. Thranduil is portrayed by the American actor Lee Pace; he has been well received by fans and critics. Development Thranduil is one of the Sindar or Grey Elves who speak Sindarin as opposed to Quenya, the language spoken by Noldorin Elves like Galadriel. The name "Thra ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Basal (phylogenetics)
In phylogenetics, basal is the direction of the ''base'' (or root) of a phylogenetic tree#Rooted tree, rooted phylogenetic tree or cladogram. The term may be more strictly applied only to nodes adjacent to the root, or more loosely applied to nodes regarded as being close to the root. Note that extant taxa that lie on branches connecting directly to the root are not more closely related to the root than any other extant taxa. While there must always be two or more equally "basal" clades sprouting from the root of every cladogram, those clades may differ widely in taxonomic rank, Phylogenetic diversity, species diversity, or both. If ''C'' is a basal clade within ''D'' that has the lowest rank of all basal clades within ''D'', ''C'' may be described as ''the'' basal taxon of that rank within ''D''. The concept of a 'key innovation' implies some degree of correlation between evolutionary innovation and cladogenesis, diversification. However, such a correlation does not make a given ca ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Species
In biology, a species is the basic unit of classification and a taxonomic rank of an organism, as well as a unit of biodiversity. A species is often defined as the largest group of organisms in which any two individuals of the appropriate sexes or mating types can produce fertile offspring, typically by sexual reproduction. Other ways of defining species include their karyotype, DNA sequence, morphology, behaviour or ecological niche. In addition, paleontologists use the concept of the chronospecies since fossil reproduction cannot be examined. The most recent rigorous estimate for the total number of species of eukaryotes is between 8 and 8.7 million. However, only about 14% of these had been described by 2011. All species (except viruses) are given a two-part name, a "binomial". The first part of a binomial is the genus to which the species belongs. The second part is called the specific name or the specific epithet (in botanical nomenclature, also sometimes i ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tubercle (anatomy)
In anatomy, a tubercle (literally 'small tuber', Latin for 'lump') is any round nodule, small eminence, or warty outgrowth found on external or internal organs of a plant or an animal. In plants A tubercle is generally a wart-like projection, but it has slightly different meaning depending on which family of plants or animals it is used to refer to. In the case of certain orchids and cacti, it denotes a round nodule, small eminence, or warty outgrowth found on the lip. They are also known as podaria (singular ''podarium''). When referring to some members of the pea family, it is used to refer to the wart-like excrescences that are found on the roots. In fungi In mycology, a tubercle is used to refer to a mass of hyphae from which a mushroom is made. In animals When it is used in relation to certain dorid nudibranchs such as '' Peltodoris nobilis'', it means the nodules on the dorsum of the animal. The tubercles in nudibranchs can present themselves in different ways: ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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