The Salt Roads
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The Salt Roads
''The Salt Roads'' is a novel by Canadian-Jamaican writer Nalo Hopkinson, published in 2003. It has been categorized as historical fiction,Rutledge, Gregory E. (February 2006)"Review of THE SALT ROADS by Nalo Hopkinson" Faculty Publications -- Department of English, Department of at DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. speculative fiction, science fiction,"Nalo Hopkinson"
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Critical acclaim

The novel was called "a fabulous, wonderful, inventive novel ...
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Nalo Hopkinson
Nalo Hopkinson (born 20 December 1960) is a Jamaican-born Canadian speculative fiction writer and editor. Her novels ('' Brown Girl in the Ring'', ''Midnight Robber'', '' The Salt Roads'', ''The New Moon's Arms'') and short stories such as those in her collection '' Skin Folk'' often draw on Caribbean history and language, and its traditions of oral and written storytelling. Hopkinson has edited two fiction anthologies ('' Whispers From the Cotton Tree Root: Caribbean Fabulist Fiction'' and '' Mojo: Conjure Stories''). She was the co-editor with Uppinder Mehan for the anthology '' So Long Been Dreaming: Postcolonial Visions of the Future'', and with Geoff Ryman for ''Tesseracts 9''. Hopkinson defended George Elliott Clarke's novel ''Whylah Falls'' on the CBC's '' Canada Reads 2002''. She was the curator of ''Six Impossible Things'', an audio series of Canadian fantastical fiction on CBC Radio One. As of 2013, she lives and teaches in Riverside, California. In 2020, Hopkinson ...
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La Sirene
Mami Wata (Mammy Water), or La Sirene, is a water spirit venerated in West, Central, and Southern Africa and in the African diaspora in the Americas. Mami Wata spirits are usually female but are sometimes male., p. 1. Attributes Appearance The appearance of her hair ranges from straight, curly to wooly black and combed straight back.Van Stipriaan 325.Bastian, Misty L"Nwaanyi Mara Mma: Mami Wata, the More Than Beautiful Woman" Department of Anthropology, Franklin & Marshall College. Most scholarly sources suggest the name "Mami Wata" is a pidgin English derivation of "Mother Water", reflecting the goddess's title ("mother of water" or "grandmother of water") in the Agni language of Côte d'Ivoire, although this etymology has been disputed by Africanist writers in favor of various non-English etymologies, for example, the suggestion of a linguistic derivation from ancient Egyptian and Mesopotamian, such as the Egyptian terms "''Mami''" or "''Mama''", meaning "truth" "''Uati' ...
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Apollonie Sabatier
Apollonie Sabatier (born Aglaé Joséphine Savatier; 8 April 1822 – 3 January 1890) was a French entertainer, artist's model and courtesan, who became a salon hostess and Bohemianism, bohemian muse to many of the French artists of 1850s Paris. Biography Aglaé Joséphine Savatier was born in Charleville-Mézières, Mézières. Her mother was Marguerite Martin who worked as a laundress for Count Louis Harmand d'Abancourt, Aglaé's biological father. The count arranged after Aglaé's birth that army sergeant André Savatier, who was stationed near the village, become her stepfather. Martin and Savatier were married in Paris on October 27, 1825. The family moved to Paris, where Aglaé started singing at the Palais Garnier, Opéra Garnier after school. She changed her name to Apollonie and became a Model (art), painter's model and posed for the statue ''Woman Bitten by a Serpent, Femme piquée par un serpent'' (1847) by Auguste Clésinger which is currently on display at the Musée ...
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Herb Boyd
Herb Boyd (born November 1, 1938) is an American journalist, teacher, author, and activist. His articles appear regularly in the ''New York Amsterdam News''. He teaches black studies at the City College of New York and the College of New Rochelle. Biography Boyd was born in Birmingham, Alabama, and grew up in Detroit, Michigan. He met Malcolm X in 1958 and credits him as an inspiration: " alcolmset me on the path to become the writer-activist I am, to try to live up to the very ennobling things that he represented." Boyd attended Wayne State University, graduating with a BA in philosophy. During the late 1960s, he helped establish the first black studies classes there and went on to teach at the university for 12 years. He also co-developed and instructed the initial curriculum in jazz studies at the Oberlin Conservatory. In addition to the ''Amsterdam News'', Boyd's work has been published in ''The Black Scholar'', '' The City Sun'', ''Down Beat'', '' Emerge'', and ''Essenc ...
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Colloquialism
Colloquialism (), also called colloquial language, everyday language or general parlance, is the style (sociolinguistics), linguistic style used for casual (informal) communication. It is the most common functional style of speech, the idiom normally employed in conversation and other informal context (language use), contexts. Colloquialism is characterized by wide usage of Interjection, interjections and other expressive devices; it makes use of non-specialist terminology, and has a rapidly changing lexicon. It can also be distinguished by its usage of formulations with incomplete logical and syntax (linguistics), syntactic ordering. A specific instance of such language is termed a ''colloquialism''. The most common term used in dictionaries to label such an expression is ''colloquial''. Explanation Colloquialism or general parlance is distinct from public speaking, formal speech or formal writing.colloquial. (n.d.) Dictionary.com Unabridged (v 1.1). Retrieved September 10, 2008 ...
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François Mackandal
François Mackandal (c.1730-c.1758) was a Haitian Maroon leader in the French colony of Saint-Domingue (present-day Haiti). He is sometimes described as a Haitian vodou priest, or houngan. For joining Maroons to kill slave owners in Saint-Domingue, he was captured and burned alive by French colonial authorities. Haitian historian Thomas Madiou states that Mackandal "had instruction and possessed the Arabic language very well." Early sources identify him as coming from Mount Atlas which spans the Magreb, but contemporary scholars such as Sylviane Diouf have speculated that he may have been from the modern day nations of Senegal, Mali, or Guinea. During his interrogation he allegedly repeated the Shahada (testimony of Muslim faith) in Arabic several times and even translated its meaning to his French captors during his interrogation before being condemned to death. His significance as a leader in the fight for Haitian independence has been immortalized through Haitian curren ...
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Alexandria
Alexandria ( or ; ar, ٱلْإِسْكَنْدَرِيَّةُ ; grc-gre, Αλεξάνδρεια, Alexándria) is the second largest city in Egypt, and the largest city on the Mediterranean coast. Founded in by Alexander the Great, Alexandria grew rapidly and became a major centre of Hellenic civilisation, eventually replacing Memphis, in present-day Greater Cairo, as Egypt's capital. During the Hellenistic period, it was home to the Lighthouse of Alexandria, which ranked among the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World, as well as the storied Library of Alexandria. Today, the library is reincarnated in the disc-shaped, ultramodern Bibliotheca Alexandrina. Its 15th-century seafront Qaitbay Citadel is now a museum. Called the "Bride of the Mediterranean" by locals, Alexandria is a popular tourist destination and an important industrial centre due to its natural gas and oil pipelines from Suez. The city extends about along the northern coast of Egypt, and is the largest city on t ...
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Paris
Paris () is the capital and most populous city of France, with an estimated population of 2,165,423 residents in 2019 in an area of more than 105 km² (41 sq mi), making it the 30th most densely populated city in the world in 2020. Since the 17th century, Paris has been one of the world's major centres of finance, diplomacy, commerce, fashion, gastronomy, and science. For its leading role in the arts and sciences, as well as its very early system of street lighting, in the 19th century it became known as "the City of Light". Like London, prior to the Second World War, it was also sometimes called the capital of the world. The City of Paris is the centre of the Île-de-France region, or Paris Region, with an estimated population of 12,262,544 in 2019, or about 19% of the population of France, making the region France's primate city. The Paris Region had a GDP of €739 billion ($743 billion) in 2019, which is the highest in Europe. According to the Economist Intelli ...
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Saint-Domingue
Saint-Domingue () was a French colony in the western portion of the Caribbean island of Hispaniola, in the area of modern-day Haiti, from 1659 to 1804. The name derives from the Spanish main city in the island, Santo Domingo, which came to refer specifically to the Spanish-held Captaincy General of Santo Domingo, now the Dominican Republic. The borders between the two were fluid and changed over time until they were finally solidified in the Dominican War of Independence in 1844. The French had established themselves on the western portion of the islands of Hispaniola and Tortuga by 1659. In the Treaty of Ryswick of 1697, Spain formally recognized French control of Tortuga Island and the western third of the island of Hispaniola. In 1791, slaves and some Dominican Creoles took part in the Vodou ceremony Bois Caïman and planned the Haitian Revolution. The slave rebellion later allied with Republican French forces following the abolition of slavery in the colony in 1793, althoug ...
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Aelia Capitolina
Aelia Capitolina (Traditional English Pronunciation: ; Latin in full: ) was a Roman colony founded during Emperor Hadrian's trip to Judah in 129/130, centered around Jerusalem, which had been almost totally razed after the siege of 70 CE. The foundation of Aelia Capitolina and the construction of a temple to Jupiter at the site of the former temple may have been one of the causes for the outbreak of the Bar Kokhba revolt in 132. Aelia Capitolina remained as the official name until Late Antiquity and the Aelia part of the name transliterated to ''Īlyāʾ'' was also used by the Umayyad Caliphate. Name ''Aelia'' came from Hadrian's ''nomen gentile'', '' Aelius'', while ''Capitolina'' meant that the new city was dedicated to ''Jupiter Capitolinus'', to whom a temple was built. The Latin name ''Aelia'' is the source of the much later Arabic term ''Īlyāʾ'' (إيلياء), a 7th-century Islamic name for Jerusalem. History Jerusalem, once heavily rebuilt by Herod, was still ...
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Nubian People
Nubians () (Nobiin: ''Nobī,'' ) are an ethnic group indigenous to the region which is now northern Sudan and southern Egypt. They originate from the early inhabitants of the central Nile valley, believed to be one of the earliest cradles of civilization. In the southern valley of Egypt, Nubians differ culturally and ethnically from other Egyptians, although they intermarried with members of other ethnic groups, especially Arabs. They speak Nubian languages as a mother tongue, part of the Northern Eastern Sudanic languages, and Arabic as a second language. Early Neolithic settlements have been found in the central Nubian region dating back to 7000 BC, with Wadi Halfa believed to be the oldest settlement in the central Nile valley. Parts of Nubia, particularly Lower Nubia, were at times a part of ancient Pharaonic Egypt and at other times a rival state representing parts of Meroë or the Kingdom of Kush. By the Twenty-fifth Dynasty (744 BC–656 BC), all of Egypt was united with ...
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