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Tengen (era)
was a after '' Jōgen'' and before ''Eikan.'' This period spanned the years from November 978 through April 983. The reigning emperor was . Change of era * February 20, 978 : The new era name was created to mark an event or a number of events. The previous era ended and a new one commenced in ''Jōgen'' 3, on the 15th day of the 4th month of 976.Brown, p. 300. Events of the ''Tengen'' era * 978 (''Tengen 1, 8th month''): The emperor allowed the daughter of Fujiwara no Kaneie to be introduced into his household; and shortly thereafter, they had a son.Titisingh p. 146./ref> * 978 (Tengen 1, 10th month''): Fujiwara no Yoritada was elevated to the position of '' Daijō-daijin''; Minamoto no Masanobu was made ''Sadaijin;'' and, Fujiwara no Kaneie was made ''Udaijin.'' Notes References * Brown, Delmer M. and Ichirō Ishida, eds. (1979) ''Gukanshō: The Future and the Past''.Berkeley: University of California Press. OCLC 251325323* Nussbaum, Louis-Frédéric and Käthe Roth. (2005 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Japanese Era Name
The , also known as , is the first of the two elements that identify years in the Japanese era calendar scheme. The second element is a number which indicates the year number within the era (with the first year being ""), followed by the literal "" meaning "year". Era names originated in 140 BCE in China, during the reign of the Emperor Wu of Han. As elsewhere in East Asia, the use of era names was originally derived from Chinese imperial practice, although the Japanese system is independent of the Chinese, Korean, and Vietnamese era-naming systems. Unlike these other similar systems, Japanese era names are still in use. Government offices usually require era names and years for official papers. The five era names used since the end of the Edo period in 1868 can be abbreviated by taking the first letter of their romanized names. For example, S55 means Shōwa 55 (i.e. 1980), and H22 stands for Heisei 22 (2010). At 62 years and 2 weeks, Shōwa is the longest era to date. The c ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Jōgen (Heian Period)
was a after ''Ten'en'' and before ''Tengen (era), Tengen.'' This period spanned the years from July 976 through November 978. The reigning emperor was . Change of era * February 3, 976 : The new era name was created to mark an event or a number of events. The previous era ended and a new one commenced in ''Ten'en'' 4, on the 13th day of the 7th month of 976. Events of the ''Jōgen'' era * June 11, 976 (''Jōgen 1, 11th day of the 5th month''): The Imperial Palace was destroyed by a great fire.Titsingh p. 145./ref> * December 20, 977 ('Jōgen 2, 8th day of the 11th month''): Fujiwara no Kanemichi dies at the age of 51.Titsingh p. 146./ref> Notes References * Brown, Delmer M. and Ichirō Ishida, eds. (1979) ''Gukanshō: The Future and the Past''.Berkeley: University of California Press. OCLC 251325323* Nussbaum, Louis-Frédéric and Käthe Roth. (2005) ''Japan encyclopedia''.Cambridge: Harvard University Press. OCLC 58053128* Isaac Titsingh, Titsingh, Isaac. (1834). ''Niho ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Eikan
was a after '' Tengen'' and before '' Kanna.'' This period spanned the years from April 983 through April 985. The reigning emperors were and . Change of era * February 16, 983 ]: The new era name was created to mark an event or a number of events. The previous era ended and a new one commenced in ''Tengen'' 6, on the 15th day of the 4th month of 983. Events of the ''Eikan'' era * October 6, 983 (''Eikan 1, 27th day of the 8th month''): In the 15th year of Emperor En'yu's reign (円融天皇15年), he abdicated; and the succession (''senso'') was received by a nephew. Shortly thereafter, Emperor Kazan is said to have acceded to the throne (''sokui''). * September/October 983 (''Eikan 1, 8th month''): Chōnen, the Buddhist monk of the Tendai, Tendai school embarked on a voyage to China accompanied by 5 or 6 disciples.Iwao, Seiichi ''et al.'' (2002). Notes References * Brown, Delmer M. and Ichirō Ishida, eds. (1979) ''Gukanshō: The Future and the Past''.Berkeley: Univer ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Emperor En'yū
was the 64th emperor of Japan,Imperial Household Agency (''Kunaichō'') 円融天皇 (64)/ref> according to the traditional order of succession. En'yū's reign spanned the years from 969 through 984. Biography Before his ascension to the Chrysanthemum Throne, his personal name (''imina'') was Morihira''-shinnō''. Morihira''-shinnō'' was the fifth son of Emperor Murakami by the empress consort ''Anshi'', the daughter of Fujiwara no Morosuke, therefore the brother of Emperor Reizei. In 967, Morihira''-shinnō'' was appointed as the crown prince, bypassing his elder brother by the same mother, since his brother had no support from the Fujiwara clan. En'yū had five Empresses or Imperial consorts and one Imperial son.Brown, p. 300. Events of En'yū's life * 27 September 969 (''Anna 2, 13th day of the 8th month''): In the 3rd year of Emperor Reizei's reign (冷泉天皇三年), he abdicated; and the succession (''senso'') was received by a younger brother. * 5 November 969 (''A ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Fujiwara No Kaneie
was a Japanese statesman, courtier and politician during the Heian period.Nussbaum, Louis-Frédéric. (2005). "Fujiwara no Kaneie" in ; Brinkley, Frank ''et al.'' (1915). He also was known as Hōkō-in Daijin and Higashi-sanjō-dono. Career Kaneie served as a minister during the reigns of Emperor En'yū, Emperor Kazan and Emperor Ichijō. After his rival brother Kanemichi's death in 977 he was appointed to Udaijin by his cousin Yoritada who became Kampaku after Kanemichi's death. He and his son Michikane encouraged Emperor Kazan to abdicate to accelerate Kaneie's accession to regent. Kaneie told Kazan that the Imperial Regalia was already held by Ichijo, and hence Kazan should not continue as ruler. Kazan acquiesced to Kaneie's demands, under some pressure, and went to the Gangō-ji monastery in Nara. Kaneie's second son, Michikane, went with Kazan; he intended to also take the tonsure. When they arrived at the monastery, Michikane claimed that he would like to see his paren ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Fujiwara No Yoritada
Fujiwara no Yoritada (藤原 頼忠; 924 – 31 July 989), the second son of Saneyori, was a kugyo (high-ranked Japanese noble) who served as regent for Emperor En'yū and Emperor Kazan. His mother was a daughter of Fujiwara no Tokihira. His elder brother from the same mother Atsutoshi died before their father's death. In 977 he became Sadaijin, and when his cousin, the regent Fujiwara no Kanemichi was in a critical medical condition, he ceded the position of Kampaku (regent) to Yoritada, instead of his rival brother Kaneie. Although Yoritada's two daughters were consorts of Emperor En'yū and Emperor Kazan, they did not have any sons. Yoritada thus had only a tenable blood relationship with the Emperors. His cousin Kaneie was the grandfather of Crown Prince Yasuhito (Emperor Ichijō), and he encouraged Emperor Kazan to abdicate a throne. By the accession of Emperor Ichijō, Yoritada retired from his post as Kampaku, and Kaneie became Sessho (regent) for his grandson Emperor ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Daijō-daijin
The was the head of the ''Daijō-kan'' (Great Council of State) during and after the Nara period and briefly under the Meiji Constitution. Equivalent to the Chinese (Grand Preceptor). History Emperor Tenji's favorite son, Prince Ōtomo, was the first to have been accorded the title of ''Daijō-daijin'' during the reign of his father. The Asuka Kiyomihara Code of 689 marks the initial appearance of the ''Daijō Daijin'' in the context of a central administrative body composed of the three ministers: the ''Daijō-daijin'' (Chancellor), the ''Sadaijin'' (Minister of the Left), and the ''Udaijin'' (Minister of the Right). These positions were consolidated under the Code of Taihō in 702.Hall, John Whitney ''et al.''. (1993)''The Cambridge History of Japan'', p. 232 As the Fujiwara clan—which dominated the regency—gained influence, the official government offices diminished in power. By the 10th century, chancellors had no power to speak of unless they were simultaneously r ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Minamoto No Masanobu
(920–993), third son of Imperial Prince Atsumi (son of Emperor Uda), a ''Kugyō'' (Japanese noble) of the Heian period.山本信吉『摂関政治史論考』（吉川弘文館、2003年）ISBN 978-4-642-02394-8 His mother was a daughter of Fujiwara no Tokihira. He became Minister of the Left in 978. His daughter Rinshi was married to Fujiwara no Michinaga, when Michinaga was in a far lower position. At first he disputed his daughter's marriage because of Michinaga's position, but his wife Bokushi (穆子) pushed for the marriage. Finally Michinaga became regent of the Emperor, so his wife was redeemed as a good judge of character. Michinaga came into Masazane's residence Tsuchimikado-dono (土御門殿). He is the progenitor of the Uda Genji (宇多源氏). Family * Father: Imperial Prince Atsumi (敦実親王) (893–967) * Mother: Fujiwara no Tokihira‘s daughter * Wives: ** Minamoto no Kintada’s daughter ** Fujiwara Bokushi (931-1061) ** Fujiwara no Motokata’s daught ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sadaijin
The ''Kenkyusha's New Japanese-English Dictionary'', Kenkyusha Limited, was a government position in Japan in the late Nara and Heian periods. The position was consolidated in the Taihō Code of 702. The Asuka Kiyomihara Code of 689 marks the initial appearance of the ''sadaijin'' in the context of a central administrative body called the ''Daijō-kan'' (Council of State). This early Daijō-kan was composed of the three ministers—the ''daijō-daijin'' (Chancellor), the ''sadaijin'' and the ''udaijin'' (Minister of the Right).Hall, John Whitney ''et al.'' (1993)''The Cambridge History of Japan'', p. 232./ref> The ''sadaijin'' was the Senior Minister of State, overseeing all functions of government with the ''udaijin'' as his deputy.''Shin-meikai-kokugo-jiten'',Sanseido Co., Ltd. Tokyo 1974 Within the ''Daijō-kan'', the ''sadaijin'' was second only to the ''daijō-daijin'' (the Great Minister, or Chancellor of the Realm) in power and influence. Frequently, a member of the Fujiwa ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Udaijin
was a government position in Japan in the late Nara and Heian periods. The position was consolidated in the Taihō Code of 702. The Asuka Kiyomihara Code of 689 marks the initial appearance of the ''udaijin'' in the context of a central administrative body called the ''Daijō-kan'' (Council of State). This early Daijō-kan was composed of the three ministers—the ''daijō-daijin'' (Chancellor), the '' sadaijin'' (Minister of the Left) and the ''udaijin''.Hall, John Whitney ''et al.'' (1993)''The Cambridge History of Japan,'' p. 232./ref> The ''udaijin'' was the Junior Minister of State, overseeing all branches of the ''Daijō-kan''. He would be the deputy of the '' sadaijin''.''Shin-meikai-kokugo-jiten'', Sanseido Co., Ltd., Tokyo 1974 The post of ''udaijin'', along with the rest of the ''Daijō-kan'' structure, gradually lost power over the 10th and 11th centuries, as the Fujiwara came to dominate politics more and more. The system was essentially powerless by the end of the 12 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Harvard University Press
Harvard University Press (HUP) is a publishing house established on January 13, 1913, as a division of Harvard University, and focused on academic publishing. It is a member of the Association of American University Presses. After the retirement of William P. Sisler in 2017, the university appointed as Director George Andreou. The press maintains offices in Cambridge, Massachusetts near Harvard Square, and in London, England. The press co-founded the distributor TriLiteral LLC with MIT Press and Yale University Press. TriLiteral was sold to LSC Communications in 2018. Notable authors published by HUP include Eudora Welty, Walter Benjamin, E. O. Wilson, John Rawls, Emily Dickinson, Stephen Jay Gould, Helen Vendler, Carol Gilligan, Amartya Sen, David Blight, Martha Nussbaum, and Thomas Piketty. The Display Room in Harvard Square, dedicated to selling HUP publications, closed on June 17, 2009. Related publishers, imprints, and series HUP owns the Belknap Press imprint, whi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Isaac Titsingh
Isaac Titsingh FRS ( January 1745 – 2 February 1812) was a Dutch diplomat, historian, Japanologist, and merchant.Nussbaum, Louis-Frédéric. (2005). "Isaak Titsingh" in . During a long career in East Asia, Titsingh was a senior official of the Dutch East India Company ( nl, Vereenigde Oostindische Compagnie (VOC)). He represented the European trading company in exclusive official contact with Tokugawa Japan, traveling to Edo twice for audiences with the shogun and other high bakufu officials. He was the Dutch and VOC governor general in Chinsura, Bengal.Stephen R. Platt, ''Imperial Twilight: the Opium War and the End of China's Last Golden Age'' (NY: Knopf, 2018), 166-73. Titsingh worked with his counterpart, Charles Cornwallis, who was governor general of the British East India Company. In 1795, Titsingh represented Dutch and VOC interests in China, where his reception at the court of the Qing Qianlong Emperor stood in contrast to the rebuff suffered by British diplomat ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
