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Tekel Birası Kapağı 01
Tekel A.Ş. (Turkish, literally ''single-hand'' or ''monopoly'' and generally capitalised as TEKEL) was a Turkish tobacco and alcoholic beverages company. It was nationalised in 1925 from a parastatal (government owned/controlled) company, the Régie. A joint foreign and Ottoman consortium, the Régie was short for "''La Société de la régie co-intéressée des tabacs de l'Empire Ottoman''". Tekel evolved into the sole manufacturer and distributor of all alcohol and tobacco products in Turkey. Today, Tekel is no longer a monopoly but it does control taxing and distribution of all alcohol and tobacco products in Turkey. In 2008 it was sold to British American Tobacco and discontinued as a trademark in cigarettes, wines, liquors or other products, although some of its brand names are still used without the word "Tekel" preceding them; like the ''Buzbağ'' wine. History Foundation and early history Turkish tobacco was an important industrial crop, where its cultivation and ma ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ankara
Ankara ( , ; ), historically known as Ancyra and Angora, is the capital of Turkey. Located in the central part of Anatolia, the city has a population of 5.1 million in its urban center and over 5.7 million in Ankara Province, making it Turkey's second-largest city after Istanbul. Serving as the capital of the ancient Celtic state of Galatia (280–64 BC), and later of the Roman province with the same name (25 BC–7th century), the city is very old, with various Hattian, Hittite, Lydian, Phrygian, Galatian, Greek, Persian, Roman, Byzantine, and Ottoman archeological sites. The Ottomans made the city the capital first of the Anatolia Eyalet (1393 – late 15th century) and then the Angora Vilayet (1867–1922). The historical center of Ankara is a rocky hill rising over the left bank of the Ankara River, a tributary of the Sakarya River. The hill remains crowned by the ruins of Ankara Castle. Although few of its outworks have survived, there are ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ottoman Public Debt Administration
The Ottoman Public Debt Administration (OPDA) ( ota, دیون عمومیهٔ عثمانیه واردات مخصصه ادارهسی, script=Arab, Düyun-u Umumiye-i Osmaniye Varidat-ı Muhassasa İdaresi, or simply as it was popularly known), was a European-controlled organization that was established in 1881 to collect the payments which the Ottoman Empire owed to European companies in the Ottoman public debt. The OPDA became a vast, essentially independent bureaucracy within the Ottoman bureaucracy, run by the creditors and its governing council was packed with European government officials https://www.economist.com/news/international/21595928-countries-have-started-outsource-public-services-each-other-unbundling-nation Government-to-government trade: Unbundling the nation state- including one representative each from British, French, German, Austrian, Italian, Dutch, and Ottoman creditors, and one representative from the Ottoman state. It employed 5,000 officials who collect ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Rakı
Rakı or raki (, Turkish pronunciation: ) is an alcoholic drink made of twice-distilled grapes. It is the national drink of Turkey. It is also popular in other Balkan countries as an Apéritif and digestif, apéritif as well as in Kazakhstan. It is often served with seafood or meze. It is comparable to several other alcoholic beverages available around the Mediterranean and the Middle East, e.g. pastis, ouzo, sambuca, Arak (distilled beverage), arak and aguardiente. In Crete, ''tsikoudia'' is a pomace brandy that is sometimes called ''rakı''. It is used to make ''rakomelo'', which is flavoured with honey and cinnamon. Rakomelo is served warm during winter months. Cretan Raki does not contain anise, so it is not to be confused with the Turkish version. Etymology The term ''raki'' entered English from Turkish language, Turkish ."raki." The American ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Buzbağ
Turkish wine is wine made in the List of countries spanning more than one continent, transcontinental Eurasian country Turkey. The Caucasus region, where Armenia, Azerbaijan, Georgia (country), Georgia and Iran are located, played a pivotal role in the early history of wine and is likely to have been one of the earliest wine-producing regions of the world.H. Johnson & J. Robinson ''The World Atlas of Wine'' pg 264–265 Mitchell Beazley Publishing 2005 Ampelography, Ampelographers estimate that Turkey is home to between 600 and 1200 indigenous varieties of ''Vitis vinifera'' (the European Vitis, grapevine), though less than 60 of these are grown commercially. With over planted under vine, Turkey is the Grape production in Iran, world's fourth-leading producer of grapes for wine production. Mustafa Kemal Atatürk, Turkey's first President of Turkey, president, established the country's first commercial winery in 1925. According to the International Organisation of Vine and Wine, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Turkish Wine
Turkish wine is wine made in the transcontinental Eurasian country Turkey. The Caucasus region, where Armenia, Azerbaijan, Georgia and Iran are located, played a pivotal role in the early history of wine and is likely to have been one of the earliest wine-producing regions of the world.H. Johnson & J. Robinson ''The World Atlas of Wine'' pg 264–265 Mitchell Beazley Publishing 2005 Ampelographers estimate that Turkey is home to between 600 and 1200 indigenous varieties of ''Vitis vinifera'' (the European grapevine), though less than 60 of these are grown commercially. With over planted under vine, Turkey is the world's fourth-leading producer of grapes for wine production. Mustafa Kemal Atatürk, Turkey's first president, established the country's first commercial winery in 1925. According to the OIV, the total wine production in 2005 was 28,700,000 litres. In the first half of 2009, wine consumption in Turkey reached 20,906,762 litres. Climate and wine regions The size an ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hayati Yazıcı
Hayati Yazıcı (b. 23 May 1952, Çayeli, Rize) is a Turkish lawyer and politician. He served as Turkey's Minister of Customs and Trade. Biography Hayati Yazıcı graduated in 1975 from the School of Law at Istanbul University. Starting of 1976, he served as a judge in the Istanbul Court of justice. In 1984, he quit his post to begin a career as freelance lawyer registered with Istanbul Bar. A co-founder of the AK Party, he is Recep Tayyip Erdoğan's lawyer and vice-chairman of the Party. Hayati Yazıcı entered the parliament in 2002 as deputy of Rize Province, and was later appointed Deputy Prime Minister A deputy prime minister or vice prime minister is, in some countries, a government minister who can take the position of acting prime minister when the prime minister is temporarily absent. The position is often likened to that of a vice president ..., responsible for the coordination between the government and the parliament. Hayati Yazıcı is married and father of t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mehmet Şimşek
Mehmet Şimşek (born 1 January 1967) is a Turkish politician and economist who served as a Deputy Prime Minister of Turkey from 24 November 2015 until the office's abolition on 9 July 2018. He previously served as the Minister of Finance from 2009 to 2015, serving in the cabinets of Prime Ministers of Recep Tayyip Erdoğan and Ahmet Davutoğlu. As a member of the Justice and Development Party, he was elected as a Member of Parliament for Gaziantep in the 2007 general election and for Batman in the 2011 general election. In Prime Minister Erdoğan's second cabinet (2007-2011), Şimşek became a Minister of State responsible for the economy upon his election as an MP. In 2009, he became the Minister of Finance. He retained his position in Erdoğan's third cabinet and the first cabinet of Ahmet Davutoğlu, who took over as Prime Minister in 2014. As Finance Minister, Şimşek formulated fiscal policy which helped Turkey recover strongly from the global financial crisis of 2008 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Recep Tayyip Erdoğan
Recep Tayyip Erdoğan (born 26 February 1954) is a Turkish politician serving as the List of presidents of Turkey, 12th and current president of Turkey since 2014. He previously served as prime minister of Turkey from 2003 to 2014 and as List of mayors of Istanbul, mayor of Istanbul from 1994 to 1998. He founded the Justice and Development Party (Turkey), Justice and Development Party (AKP) in 2001, leading it to election victories in 2002 Turkish general election, 2002, 2007 Turkish general election, 2007, and 2011 Turkish general election, 2011 general elections before being required to stand down upon his 2014 Turkish presidential election, election as president in 2014. He later returned to the AKP leadership in 2017 following the 2017 Turkish constitutional referendum, constitutional referendum that year. Coming from an Islamism, Islamist political background and self-describing as a Conservative democracy, conservative democrat, he has promoted Social conservatism, socia ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Justice And Development Party (Turkey)
The Justice and Development Party ( tr, Adalet ve Kalkınma Partisi, ; AKP), abbreviated officially AK Party in English, is a political party in Turkey self-describing as conservative-democrat. It is one of the two major parties of contemporary Turkey along with the Republican People's Party (CHP). Recep Tayyip Erdoğan has been chairman of AKP since the 2017 Party Congress. The AKP is the largest party in the Grand National Assembly, the Turkish national legislature, with 285 out of 600 seats, having won 42.6% of votes in the 2018 Turkish parliamentary election. It forms the People's Alliance with the Nationalist Movement Party (MHP). The current AKP parliamentary leader is İsmet Yılmaz. Founded in 2001 by members of a number of parties such as FP, ANAP and DYP, the party has a strong base of support among people from the conservative tradition of Turkey, though the party strongly denies it is Islamist. The party positioned itself as pro-liberal market economy, sup ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Confederation Of Turkish Trade Unions
The Confederation of Turkish Trade Unions, ( tr, Türkiye İşçi Sendikaları Konfederasyonu) known as TÜRK-İŞ, is one of the four major national trade union centers in Turkey. It was created in 1952 and is the oldest of the four centers, having been the only trade union organization to survive the 1980 military coup. Today; TÜRK-İŞ is mainly known for their research and analyses of the Turkish economy. January 2020 research about cost of living for families in Turkey conducted by TÜRK-İŞ shows that monthly food expenditure (hunger limit) of a family of four required to afford a healthy, balanced and adequate diet is 2,219.45 TL. In addition to food expenditure, the total amount of other monthly expenditures required for clothing, housing (rent, electricity, water, fuel), transportation, education, health and similar needs (poverty line) for the same date would be 7,229.49 TL. TÜRK-İŞ claims a membership of 1.75 million, and is affiliated with the International Trade ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Philip Morris USA
Philip Morris USA is the American tobacco division of the American tobacco corporation Altria, Altria Group. History Creation The company's namesake Philip Morris (tobacconist), Philip Morris was born in Whitechapel, United Kingdom in 1835, the son of a recent immigrant from Germany who had taken the name Bernard Morris. In 1847, the family opened a shop in London. The first cigarettes that Philip Morris made were in 1854 and were known as "Philip Morris English Ovals," a non-filter brand of oval-shaped cigarettes that were manufactured in very limited quantities until discontinuation in 2017. Early years In 1902, Philip Morris & Co. Ltd. was Incorporation (business), incorporated in New York City. George J. Whelan bought the American division of the company in 1919 and created Philip Morris & Co. Ltd., Inc., along with fellow shareholders Reuben M. Ellis and Leonard B. McKitterick. In 1929, the company made its first cigarettes in Richmond, using an existing factory the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Japan Tobacco
Hepburn: ''Nippon Senbai Kōsha'' , type = 1985-: Public (''kabushiki gaisha'') 1949-1985: Statutory corporation , traded_as = , industry = FoodTobacco , foundation = 1898 (as Imperial Japanese Tobacco Company)1 June 1949 (as Japan Tobacco and Salt Public Corporation)1 April 1985 (privatized) , founder = Government of Japan , location_city = 2-1, Toranomon, Minato, Tokyo, Japan , key_people = Mitsuomi Koizumi(President and CEO)Hiroshi Kimura(Chairman) , products = See below , revenue = (2012) , operating_income = (2012) , net_income = (2012) , assets = (2012) , equity = (2012) , num_employees = 48,529 (2011) , parent = Government of Japan (33.35% by law) , subsid = Japan Tobacco InternationalPT Karya Dibya Mahardhika (Indonesia)Mighty Corporation (Philippines)Donskoy Tabak Companies (Russian)Gallaher Group , homepage www.JT.com , abbreviated JT, is a cigarette manufacturing company. It is part of the Nikkei 225 and TOPIX Large70 indices. In 2009 the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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