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TO-92
The TO-92 is a widely used style of semiconductor package mainly used for transistors. The case is often made of epoxy or plastic, and offers compact size at a very low cost. History and origin The JEDEC TO-92 descriptor is derived from the original full name for the package: Transistor Outline Package, Case Style 92. The package is also known by the designation SOT54. By 1966 the package was being used by Motorola for their 2N3904 devices among others. Construction and orientation The case is molded around the transistor elements in two parts; the face is flat, usually bearing a machine-printed part number (some early examples had the part number printed on the top surface instead). The back is semi-circularly-shaped. A line of moulding flash from the injection-moulding process can be seen around the case. The leads protrude from the bottom of the case. When looking at the face of the transistor, the leads are commonly configured from left-to-right as the ''emitter'', ''b ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Semiconductor Package
A semiconductor is a material which has an electrical conductivity value falling between that of a conductor, such as copper, and an insulator, such as glass. Its resistivity falls as its temperature rises; metals behave in the opposite way. Its conducting properties may be altered in useful ways by introducing impurities (" doping") into the crystal structure. When two differently doped regions exist in the same crystal, a semiconductor junction is created. The behavior of charge carriers, which include electrons, ions, and electron holes, at these junctions is the basis of diodes, transistors, and most modern electronics. Some examples of semiconductors are silicon, germanium, gallium arsenide, and elements near the so-called "metalloid staircase" on the periodic table. After silicon, gallium arsenide is the second-most common semiconductor and is used in laser diodes, solar cells, microwave-frequency integrated circuits, and others. Silicon is a critical element for fabrica ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Zetex Semiconductors
Zetex Semiconductors plc is a UK-based manufacturer of discrete semiconductor devices such as diodes and transistors. Corporate history Originally a subsidiary of Ferranti Semiconductor, Zetex took its name from Ferranti's ZTX series of bipolar transistors. It was sold to Plessey in 1988, then bought out by management in 1989 to become Zetex plc. At this point it owned two manufacturing sites in Oldham: Gem Mill and Lansdowne Road. It then became a subsidiary of Telemetrix plc, until in 2004 it changed its name to Zetex Semiconductors plc. In 2008 it was acquired by Dallas-based Diodes Incorporated.https://dev.embedded.com/electronics-news/4191568/U-S-analog-specialist-to-snap-up-Zetex London Stock Exchange London Stock Exchange (LSE) is a stock exchange in the City of London, England, United Kingdom. , the total market value of all companies trading on LSE was £3.9 trillion. Its current premises are situated in Paternoster Square close to St P ... symbol: ZTX Ref ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
PNP Transistor
A bipolar junction transistor (BJT) is a type of transistor that uses both electrons and electron holes as charge carriers. In contrast, a unipolar transistor, such as a field-effect transistor, uses only one kind of charge carrier. A bipolar transistor allows a small current injected at one of its terminals to control a much larger current flowing between the terminals, making the device capable of amplification or switching. BJTs use two p–n junctions between two semiconductor types, n-type and p-type, which are regions in a single crystal of material. The junctions can be made in several different ways, such as changing the doping of the semiconductor material as it is grown, by depositing metal pellets to form alloy junctions, or by such methods as diffusion of n-type and p-type doping substances into the crystal. The superior predictability and performance of junction transistors quickly displaced the original point-contact transistor. Diffused transistors, along w ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
NPN Transistor
A bipolar junction transistor (BJT) is a type of transistor that uses both electrons and electron holes as charge carriers. In contrast, a unipolar transistor, such as a field-effect transistor, uses only one kind of charge carrier. A bipolar transistor allows a small current injected at one of its terminals to control a much larger current flowing between the terminals, making the device capable of amplification or switching. BJTs use two p–n junctions between two semiconductor types, n-type and p-type, which are regions in a single crystal of material. The junctions can be made in several different ways, such as changing the doping of the semiconductor material as it is grown, by depositing metal pellets to form alloy junctions, or by such methods as diffusion of n-type and p-type doping substances into the crystal. The superior predictability and performance of junction transistors quickly displaced the original point-contact transistor. Diffused transistors, along wit ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
BC548
The BC548 is a general-purpose NPN bipolar junction transistor commonly used in European and American electronic equipment. It is notably often the first type of bipolar transistor hobbyists encounter and is often featured in designs in hobby electronics magazines where a general-purpose transistor is required. The BC548 is low in cost and widely available. History and usage The BC548 is a part of a family of NPN and PNP epitaxial silicon transistors that originated with the metal-cased BC108 family of transistors. The BC548 is the modern plastic-packaged BC108; the BC548 article at the Radiomuseum website describes the BC548 as a successor to the BC238 and differing from the BC108 in only the shape of the package. Datasheets for the BC548 give specifications that are identical to, or exceed, those of the BC108, BC148 and BC238 predecessors. Thus the BC548 (or BC546 to 550) is a valid substitute in any circuit designed for the older BC108 (or BC148), which includes many Mullard an ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Rosstandart
Federal Technical Regulation and Metrology Agency (Rosstandart) (russian: Федеральное агентство по техническому регулированию и метрологии (Росстандарт)) is the Russian federal government agency that serves as a national standardization body of the Russian Federation. It was previously known as Gosstandart. It is subordinated to the Ministry of Industry and Trade. History On September 15, 1925, by a resolution of the Council of People's Commissars of the USSR, an all-Union body in the field of standardization was created, the Committee for Standardization under the Council of Labor and Defense (Gosstandart). The introduction of state management of standardization in the country served as the beginning of systematic work in all sectors of the economy. On May 7, 1926, the first all-Union standard was approved - OST 1 “Wheat. Breeding grades of grain. Nomenclature". In 1946, the International Organization for ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
GOST
GOST (russian: ГОСТ) refers to a set of International standard, international Technical standard, technical Standardization, standards maintained by the ''Euro-Asian Council for Standardization, Metrology and Certification (EASC)'', a regional standards organization operating under the auspices of the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS). All sorts of regulated standards are included, with examples ranging from charting rules for design documentation to recipes and nutritional facts of Soviet-era brand names. The latter have become generic, but may only be sold under the label if the technical standard is followed, or renamed if they are reformulated. The notion of GOST has certain significance and recognition in the countries of the standards' jurisdiction. The Russian government Federal Agency on Technical Regulating and Metrology (Rosstandart) has ''gost.ru'' as its website address. History GOST standards were originally developed by the government of the Soviet U ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gosstandart
Gosstandart (russian: Госстандарт) was the Soviet government agency responsible for standardization, metrology, and quality management. The name is an abbreviation for ''Gosudarstvennyy standart'' (‘State Standard’). History Established in 1925 as a committee for standardization within the USSR Council of Labor and Defence, ''Gosstandart'' was at first put in charge of inspecting measuring instruments used in industrial and agricultural production and later was tasked with developing, updating, and disseminating GOST standards. Over the course of its existence, the agency was reformed a number of times, receiving a new name with each transformation: the ''National Committee for Standardization''; the ''Committee for Standards, Metrology, and Measuring Instruments''; the ''State Committee for Standards''; the ''State Committee for Standards and Product Quality Management''. The agency received its nickname, ''Gosstandart'', in 1970. Later years After the dissolutio ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
TO-5
In electronics, TO-5 is a designation for a standardized metal semiconductor package used for transistors and some integrated circuits. The ''TO'' element stands for "transistor outline" and refers to a series of technical drawings produced by JEDEC. The first commercial silicon transistors, the 2N696 and 2N697 from Fairchild Semiconductor, came in a TO-5 package. Construction and orientation The tab is located 45° from pin 1, which is typically the emitter. The typical TO-5 package has a base diameter of , a cap diameter of , a cap height of . The pins are isolated from the package by individual glass-metal seals, or by a single resin potting. Sometimes one pin is connected directly to the metal case. Variants Several variants of the original TO-5 package have the same cap dimensions but differ in the number and length of the leads (wires). Somewhat incorrectly, TO-5 and TO-39 are often used in manufacturer's literature as synonyms for any package with the cap dimensions of T ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
JEITA
The is a Japanese trade organization for the electronics and IT industries. It was formed in 2000 from two earlier organizations, the Electronic Industries Association of Japan and the Japan Electronic Industries Development Association. History In 1979, Minato Communications Association Co., Ltd. has first appeared in Minato, Tokyo, Japan. In 2000, Minato Communications Association Co., Ltd. was Re-branded into Japan Electronics and Information Technology Industries Association. See also * JIS semiconductor designation * Design rule for Camera File system * Integrated Services Digital Broadcasting Integrated Services Digital Broadcasting (ISDB; Japanese: , ''Tōgō dejitaru hōsō sābisu'') is a Japanese broadcasting standard for digital television (DTV) and digital radio. ISDB supersedes both the NTSC-J analog television system and t ... * EIAJ DC coaxial power connector standards External links JEITA Electronics industry in Japan Trade associations based in J ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
EIAJ
Founded in 1948, the Electronic Industries Association of Japan (EIAJ) was one of two Japanese electronics trade organizations that were merged into the Japan Electronics and Information Technology Industries Association (JEITA). Prior to the merger, EIAJ created a number of electronics industry standards that have had some use outside Japan, including: *The EIAJ connectors used for DC power (EIAJ RC-5320A, EIAJ RC-5321, and EIAJ RC-5322 *The D-Terminal connector (RC-5237), used instead of three RCA plugs for component video connections. *The TOSLINK (EIAJ Optical, RC-5720C) optical S/PDIF audio connector. *The EIAJ-1 videotape format, the first standardized format for industrial/non-broadcast video tape recording, released in 1969. Another standard is the multi-channel TV sound system used with the NTSC-J analog TV system. It is often referred to simply as EIAJ, or sometimes as FM-FM audio. Transistor nomenclature The Japanese technical standard JIS-C-7102 provides a met ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
TO-18
In electronics, TO-18 is a designation for a style of transistor metal case. The case is more expensive than the similarly sized plastic TO-92 package. The name is from JEDEC, signifying ''Transistor Outline Package, Case Style 18''. Construction and orientation The typical TO-18 metal can package has a base diameter of , a cap diameter of , a cap height of . The tab is located 45° from pin 1, which is typically the emitter. The lead diameter is nominally . The leads are arranged in a circle with a diameter of . The minimum length of the leads is . Different manufacturers have different tolerances, and the actual form factor may vary slightly, depending on function. Uses and variants The 3-lead TO-18 is used for transistors and other devices using no more than three leads. Variants for diodes, photodiodes and LEDs may have only two leads. Light-sensitive or light-emitting devices have a transparent window, lens, or parabolic reflectors in the top of the case rather than a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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