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Su-Tchuen
The presence of the Catholic Church in the Chinese province of Sichuan (formerly romanized as Szechwan or Szechuan in English; and Sutchuen, Setchuen, Sétchouan in French; la, Ecclesia Catholica in Seciuen) dates back to 1640, when two missionaries, Lodovico Buglio and Gabriel de Magalhães, through Jesuit China missions, entered the province and spent much of the 1640s doing evangelism. The Yongzheng edict of 1724 proscribed Christianity in the Qing empire and declared foreign missionaries . Catholics in Sichuan learned how to make do without ordained priests. When the Qing became ever more possessed by the idea that Catholics belonged to a "heretical" organization (as contrasted with the "orthodoxy" of Confucianism) which might threaten the empire's order and rule, district magistrates found it convenient to manipulate non-Catholic communities against the Catholics, leading to discrimination as well as social and political pressure against Catholic families. As a consequence ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Roman Catholic Diocese Of Chengdu
The Roman Catholic Diocese of Chengdu (formerly spelt Chengtu) ( la, Dioecesis Cemtuana; zh, t=天主教成都教區, s=天主教成都教区) is a suffragan Latin diocese in the Ecclesiastical province of Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Chongqing covering southwestern China's Sichuan area, yet depends on the missionary Roman Congregation for the Evangelization of Peoples. Its episcopal see is the Cathedral of the Immaculate Conception, Chengdu, Cathedral of the Immaculate Conception (also known as Ping'anqiao Church), in the city of Chengdu, at Ping'an Alley, Chengdu, Sichuan, China (). Extent The diocese, based in Chengdu, covers 4 cities (Chengdu [Tchen-tou-fou], Deyang [Te-yang-hien], Guangyuan [Koang-yuen-hien] and Mianyang [Mien-tcheou-hien]) and 37 districts and counties, totaling an area of 54,900 square kilometers. No recent statistics available. History * Established on 15 October 1696 as Apostolic Vicariate of Szechwan (; 四川), on territory split off from t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Christianity Among The Mongols
In modern times the Mongols are primarily Tibetan Buddhism, Tibetan Buddhists, but in previous eras, especially during the time of the Mongol empire (13th–14th centuries), they were primarily shamanist, and had a substantial minority of Christians, many of whom were in positions of considerable power. Overall, Mongols were highly tolerant of most religions, and typically sponsored several at the same time. Many Mongols had been proselytized by the Church of the East (sometimes called "Nestorian") since about the seventh century, and some tribes' primary religion was Christian. In the time of Genghis Khan, his sons took Christian wives of the Keraites, and under the rule of Genghis Khan's grandson, Möngke Khan, the primary religious influence was Christian. The practice of Nestorian Christianity was somewhat different from that practiced in the West, and Europeans tended to regard Nestorianism as heretical for its beliefs about the nature of Jesus. However, the Europeans al ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Candida Xu
Candida Xu or Candida Su ( zh, t=許徐甘弟大, w=Hsü3-Hsü2 Kan1-ti4-ta4, p=Xǔ-Xú Gāndìdà; September 4, 1607 – July 24, 1680), was a Chinese Catholic. She has been called "arguably the most influential Chinese Christian woman of the seventeenth century." Biography Born on the feast day of Saint Candida the Elder, in whose honor she was named, Xu was the granddaughter of Xu Guangqi, who had converted to Christianity four years previously. From childhood she was deeply religious. Widowed at 46, she turned her attention to service to the church. Despite the restrictions she faced given her status as a member of the upper class, she worked to spread the word of Christianity. She exercised the influence of her father and son to gain good will for many Jesuit missionaries among local officials. Among Chinese Christians she promoted her spiritual associations; she also acted as a leader for Christian women around Shanghai. She had a private income, from which she donated gen ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Circuit (administrative Division)
A circuit ( or ) was a historical political division of China and is a historical and modern administrative unit in Japan. The primary level of administrative division of Korea under the Joseon and in modern North and South Korea employs the same Chinese character as the Chinese and Japanese divisions but, because of its relatively greater importance, is usually translated as province instead. China Circuits originated in China during the Han dynasty and were used as a lower-tier administrative division, comparable to the county (, also translated as "districts"). They were used only in the fringes of the empire, which were either inhabited primarily by non-Han Chinese peoples or too geographically isolated from the rest of the Han centers of power. The system fell into disuse after the collapse of the Western Jin dynasty. The administrative division was revived in 627 when Tang Emperor Taizong made it the highest level administrative division and subdivided China into ten ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Zhang Xianzhong
Zhang Xianzhong (张献忠 or Chang Hsien-chung; 18 September 1606 – 2 January 1647), nickname Huanghu (literally 'Yellow Tiger'), was a Chinese peasant leader who led a peasant revolt from Yan'an wei, Shaanxi (today Yulin, Shaanxi province). He conquered Sichuan in 1644, and named himself king and later emperor of the Xi dynasty (西朝 or Great Xi 大西). His rule in Sichuan was brief, and he was killed by the invading Qing army. He is commonly associated with the massacres in Sichuan that depopulated the region. However, the extent of his killings is disputed. Biography Early life Zhang was born in liushujian (literally 'willow spring', modern Dingbian, Shaanxi province), into a poor family. He was described as tall in stature, had a yellow complexion and a "tiger chin" (), and hence was given the nickname "Yellow Tiger". He served in the Ming army, and while in the army he was sentenced to death for violations of military rules, but was reprieved after an intervention b ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Chongqing
Chongqing ( or ; ; Sichuanese dialects, Sichuanese pronunciation: , Standard Mandarin pronunciation: ), Postal Romanization, alternately romanized as Chungking (), is a Direct-administered municipalities of China, municipality in Southwest China. The official abbreviation of the city, "" (), was approved by the State Council of the People's Republic of China, State Council on 18 April 1997. This abbreviation is derived from the old name of a part of the Jialing River that runs through Chongqing and feeds into the Yangtze River. Administratively, it is one of the four municipalities under the direct administration of the Government of China, central government of the People's Republic of China (the other three are Beijing, Shanghai, and Tianjin), and the only such municipality located deep inland. The municipality of Chongqing, roughly the size of Austria, includes the city of Chongqing as well as various discontiguous cities. Due to a classification technicality, Chongqing ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Langzhong
Langzhong (formerly known as Paoning) is a county-level city in northeastern Sichuan province, China, located on the middle reaches of the Jialing River. It is administered as part of the prefecture-level city of Nanchong. Langzhong has a total population of 880,000, with 250,000 residing in the urban area. Langzhong is famous for its historic centre, home to 30,000 of its residents. It is one of the best preserved historic towns of China, dating back to the Tang dynasty. The city was also the seat of the former Anglican Diocese of Szechwan. History The site of present-day Langzhong served for a time as the capital of Ba, a native but sinicized Sichuan state during China's Warring States period. It takes its present name from its role as the seat of Langzhong County, established by Qin two years after its 316 BC conquest of Shu and Ba. Under the Han and Tang, it was an important center for astronomical research. Under the Yuan, Ming, and Qing, it was known as Ba ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Shu Wang
Shu Wang (蜀王, King/Prince of Shu) may refer to: * Qiao Zong (died 413), warlord who founded the Western Shu dynasty, given the title Prince of Shu by the Later Qin emperor *Yang Xiu (Sui dynasty) (573–618), Sui dynasty prince, known as Prince of Shu from 581 to 602 *Li Ke (died 653), Tang dynasty prince, known as Prince of Shu from 627 to 636 *Li Gui (prince) (750–783), Tang dynasty prince *Wang Jian (Former Shu) (847–918), warlord who founded the Former Shu dynasty, known as Prince of Shu from 903 to 907 during the Tang dynasty *Meng Zhixiang (874–934), warlord who founded the Later Shu dynasty, known as Prince of Shu from 933 to 934 during the Later Tang dynasty See also *Wang Shu Wang Shu (, born 4 November 1963) [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
An Account Of The Entry Of The Catholic Religion Into Sichuan
''An Account of the Entry of the Catholic Religion into Sichuan'' ( zh, t=聖教入川記, s=圣教入川记, first=t, w=Shêng Chiao Ju Chuan Chi, p=Shèngjiào Rù Chuān Jì, l=An Account of the Entry of the Holy Religion into Sichuan), also referred to as ''Mission to Sichuan'', is a 1918 history book edited by Paris Foreign Missions Society missionary François-Marie-Joseph Gourdon in Chinese, and published by Sheng Chia Book-Printing Bureau in the city of Chongqing (then known as Chungking). Synopsis Allegedly based on ('Account of Tyrannies Wrought by Zhang Xianzhong, China's Famous Looter in the Year 1651') by Gabriel de Magalhães, the book recounts the early history of Roman Catholic mission in Sichuan throughout the 1640s, providing first-hand witness testimony by Gabriel de Magalhães and Lodovico Buglio on Zhang Xianzhong's reign and massacre in Sichuan. Editions The first edition contains 76 pages, published in Chongqing by Sheng Chia Book-Printing Bureau, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ming Dynasty
The Ming dynasty (), officially the Great Ming, was an Dynasties in Chinese history, imperial dynasty of China, ruling from 1368 to 1644 following the collapse of the Mongol Empire, Mongol-led Yuan dynasty. The Ming dynasty was the last orthodox dynasty of China ruled by the Han Chinese, Han people, the majority ethnic group in China. Although the primary capital of Beijing fell in 1644 to a rebellion led by Li Zicheng (who established the short-lived Shun dynasty), numerous rump state, rump regimes ruled by remnants of the House of Zhu, Ming imperial family—collectively called the Southern Ming—survived until 1662. The Ming dynasty's founder, the Hongwu Emperor (r. 1368–1398), attempted to create a society of self-sufficient rural communities ordered in a rigid, immobile system that would guarantee and support a permanent class of soldiers for his dynasty: the empire's standing army exceeded one million troops and the naval history of China, navy's dockyards in Nanjin ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Grand Secretariat
The Grand Secretariat (; Manchu: ''dorgi yamun'') was nominally a coordinating agency but ''de facto'' the highest institution in the imperial government of the Chinese Ming dynasty. It first took shape after the Hongwu Emperor abolished the office of Chancellor (of the Zhongshu Sheng) in 1380 and gradually evolved into an effective coordinating organ superimposed on the Six Ministries. There were altogether six Grand Secretaries (; Manchu: ''ashan bithei da''), though the posts were not always filled.Hucker, 29. The most senior one was popularly called Senior Grand Secretary (, ''shǒufǔ''). The Grand Secretaries were nominally ranked as mid-level officials, ranked much lower than the Ministers, heads of the Ministries. However, since they screened documents submitted to the emperor from all governmental agencies, and had the power of drafting suggested rescripts for the emperor, generally known as ''piàonǐ'' () or ''tiáozhǐ'' (), some senior Grand Secretaries were able to ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Chengdu
Chengdu (, ; Simplified Chinese characters, simplified Chinese: 成都; pinyin: ''Chéngdū''; Sichuanese dialects, Sichuanese pronunciation: , Standard Chinese pronunciation: ), Chinese postal romanization, alternatively Romanization of Chinese, romanized as Chengtu, is a Sub-provincial division, sub-provincial city which serves as the Capital city, capital of the Chinese province of Sichuan. With a population of 20,937,757 inhabitants during the 2020 Chinese census, it is the fourth most populous city in China, and it is the only city apart from the four Direct-administered municipalities of China, direct-administered municipalities with a population of over 20 million (the other three are Chongqing, Shanghai and Beijing). It is traditionally the hub in Southwest China. Chengdu is located in central Sichuan. The surrounding Chengdu Plain is known as the "Country of Heaven" () and the "Land of Abundance". Its prehistoric settlers included the Sanxingdui culture. The site of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
