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Stegosaurs
Stegosauria is a group of herbivorous ornithischian dinosaurs that lived during the Jurassic and early Cretaceous periods. Stegosaurian fossils have been found mostly in the Northern Hemisphere, predominantly in what is now North America, Europe, Africa, South America and Asia. Their geographical origins are unclear; the earliest unequivocal stegosaurian, ''Huayangosaurus taibaii'', lived in China. Stegosaurians were armored dinosaurs (thyreophorans). Originally, they did not differ much from more primitive members of that group, being small, low-slung, running animals protected by armored scutes. An early evolutionary innovation was the development of spikes as defensive weapons. Later species, belonging to a subgroup called the Stegosauridae, became larger, and developed long hindlimbs that no longer allowed them to run. This increased the importance of active defence by the thagomizer, which could ward off even large predators because the tail was in a higher position, pointing ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Yingshanosaurus
''Yingshanosaurus'' (meaning "Yingshan or Golden Hills reptile") is a genus of stegosaurian dinosaur from the Late Jurassic, around 155 million years ago. It was a herbivore that lived in what is now China. The type species is ''Yingshanosaurus jichuanensis''. Discovery and naming In 1983, a stegosaurian skeleton was excavated in Sichuan by a team led by Wan Jihou. In 1984, the find was reported by Zhou Shiwu. In 1985, Zhou used the name ''Yingshanosaurus jichuanensis'' during a paleontological congress in Toulouse. Though his lecture was published in 1986, it was assumed that the name remained a ''nomen nudum'' due to an insufficient description. In 1994 however, Zhu Songlin fully described the animal.Zhu Songlin, 1994, "记四川盆地营山县一剑龙化石 ecord of a fossil stegosaur from Yingshan in the Sichuan Basin, ''Sichuan Cultural Relics'', 1994(S1): 8-14 This fact escaped most Western researchers who considered the taxon invalid until well into the twenty-fi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bashanosaurus
''Bashanosaurus'' (meaning "Bashan lizard", after an ancient name for Chongqing) is a genus of stegosaur dinosaur recovered from the Bajocian (Middle Jurassic)-aged Shaximiao Formation of Yunyang, Chongqing, China. The type species is ''Bashanosaurus primitivus''. It is one of the basalmost stegosaurs and is also the oldest known stegosaur, supplanting the previous oldest known stegosaur, ''Adratiklit'', which is roughly one million years younger. Discovery and naming ''Bashanosaurus'' is known from two partial skeletons, along with a vertebra that comes from a third individual; these remains were preserved on the Dinosaur Fossil Wall, preserved within the Zigong Dinosaur Museum, along the with another specimen, a partial cranium, a dorsal vertebra, and a piece of dermal armour (CLGPRChongqing Laboratory of Geoheritage Protection and Research V00006), which belongs to an unnamed indeterminate stegosaur. The material was recovered from a quarry in Chongqing discovered in 2016, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Monkonosaurus
''Monkonosaurus'' (meaning " Monkon lizard") is a dubious genus of herbivorous stegosaurian dinosaur from the Late Jurassic/Early Cretaceous-aged Loe-ein Formation of Tibet (or the Early Cretaceous Lura Formation of China). Some sources place it as alive during the Oxfordian - Albian stages, around 163 - 100 million years ago, although ''Monkonosaurus'' was probably only alive during the Late Jurassic (163 – 152.1 ± 0.9 million years ago), making it among the earliest known stegosaurs along with ''Chungkingosaurus'' and '' Bashanosaurus''. Discovery and naming The genus was formalized by Zhao Xijin in 1986.X. Zhao. 1986. eptilia ''Ching-kuo Ti Pao o Hsi'' 'The Cretaceous System of China. The Stratigraphy of China.''12:67-73 The generic name refers to Markam County, also known as ''Monko''.Chao S., 1983. "Phylogeny and Evolutionary Stages of Dinosauria", ''Acta Palaeontologia Polonica'' 28 (1/2): 295-306 Zhao at the time gave neither a description, meaning the name remai ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lexovisaurus
''Lexovisaurus'' is a genus of stegosaur from mid-to-Late Jurassic Europe, 165.7-164.7 mya. Fossils of limb bones and armor fragments have been found in middle to late Jurassic-aged strata of England. Discovery and taxonomy In the early 1880s collector Alfred Nicholson Leeds acquired a skeleton of a dinosaur excavated at a small brick pit at the hamlet of Tanholt, close to Eye, Cambridgeshire. In September 1885 the remains were shown to paleontologist Henry Woodward whose notes form the first documentation on the subject. Later it was mistakenly assumed the find had been made at the industrial brick pits at Fletton, the usual source of Leeds' specimens.Leslie F. Noè, Jeff J. Liston and Sandra D. Chapman, 2010, "‘Old bones, dry subject’: the dinosaurs and pterosaur collected by Alfred Nicholson Leeds of Peterborough, England", ''Geological Society, London, Special Publications'' 343: 49-77 In 1887 the fossil was described by John Whitaker Hulke and named as a new spe ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gigantspinosaurus
''Gigantspinosaurus'' () is a genus of herbivorous ornithischian dinosaur from the Middle to Late Jurassic. It was a stegosaur found in China. Discovery The first fossil was found in 1985 by Ouyang Hui at Pengtang near Jinquan and was reported upon in 1986 by Gao Ruiqi and colleagues, mistaking it for a specimen of ''Tuojiangosaurus''. The type species, ''Gigantspinosaurus sichuanensis'', was described and named by Ouyang in 1992 in an abstract of a lecture. The generic name is derived from Latin ''gigas'' or ''giganteus'', "enormous", and ''spina'', "spine", in reference to the gigantic shoulder spines. The specific name refers to Sichuan. The name was generally considered a ''nomen nudum'' in the West, until in 2006 it was disclosed that the abstract contained a sufficient description. Despite its uncertain nomenclatural status, images of ''Gigantspinosaurus'' had appeared in several sources. Public awareness of this animal was increased in early 2006 when Tracy Ford, c ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Stegosauridae
Stegosauridae is a family of thyreophoran dinosaurs (armoured dinosaurs) within the suborder Stegosauria. The clade is defined as all species of dinosaurs more closely related to ''Stegosaurus'' than ''Huayangosaurus''.David B. Weishampel, Peter Dodson, Halszka Osmólska. The ''Dinosauria'' (2nd ed.). Berkeley: University of California Press. The name ‘Stegosauridae’ is thus a stem-based name taken from the well-represented genus – ''Stegosaurus'' (meaning ‘roofed lizard’). Fossil evidence of stegosaurids, dating from the Middle Jurassic through the Early Cretaceous, have been recovered from North America, Eurasia and Africa. The clade Stegosauridae is composed of the genera ''Stegosaurus'', '' Dacentrurus'', '' Miragaia'', '' Loricatosaurus'', and '' Kentrosaurus'', with the last considered to be at the base of the clade. The stegosaurids like all other stegosaurians were quadrupedal herbivores that exhibited the characteristic stegosaurian dorsal dermal plates. These ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Huayangosauridae
Huayangosauridae (derived from ''Huayangosaurus'', "Huayang Guo Zhi reptile") is a family of stegosaurian dinosaurs from the Jurassic of China. The group is defined as all taxa closer to the namesake genus ''Huayangosaurus'' than ''Stegosaurus'', and was originally named as the family Huayangosaurinae by Zhiming Dong and colleagues in the description of ''Huayangosaurus''. Huayangosaurinae was originally differentiated by the remaining taxa within Stegosauridae by the presence of teeth in the , an , and a . Huayangosaurinae, known from the Middle Jurassic of the Shaximiao Formation, was proposed to be intermediate between Scelidosaurinae and Stegosaurinae, suggesting that the origins of stegosaurs lay in Asia. Following phylogenetic analyses, Huayangosauridae was expanded to also include the taxon ''Chungkingosaurus'', known from specimens from younger Late Jurassic deposits of the Shaximiao Formation. Huayangosauridae is either the sister taxon to all other stegosaurs, or close to ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Craterosaurus
''Craterosaurus'' (meaning ''krater reptile'' or ''bowl reptile'') was a genus of stegosaurid dinosaur. It lived during the Early Cretaceous (Aptian to Albian stages) around 121-113 million years ago. Its fossils were found in the Woburn Sands Formation of England. ''Craterosaurus'' may actually be a junior synonym of '' Regnosaurus'', but only one fossil, a partial vertebra, was recovered. The type (and only known) species is ''Craterosaurus pottonensis'', described in 1874 by Harry Seeley. The specific name refers to the ''Potton bonebed''. Seeley mistook the fossil, holotype SMC B.28814, for the base of a cranium. Franz Nopcsa in 1912 correctly identified it as the front part of a neural arch.Nopcsa, F., 1912, "Notes on British dinosaurs. Pt. IV. ''Craterosaurus'' (Seeley)", ''Geological Magazine'', (ser. 5), 9: 481-484 ''Craterosaurus'' was placed in Stegosauria by Galton Sir Francis Galton, Fellow of the Royal Society, FRS Royal Anthropological Institute of Great Br ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Chialingosaurus
''Chialingosaurus'' (meaning "Chialing Lizard") is a genus of herbivorous stegosaurian dinosaur similar to '' Kentrosaurus'' from the Upper Shaximiao Formation, Late Jurassic beds in Sichuan Province in China. Its age makes it one of the oldest species of stegosaurs, living about 160 million years ago. Since it was an herbivore, scientists think that ''Chialingosaurus'' probably ate ferns and cycads, which were plentiful during the period when ''Chialingosaurus'' was alive. Discovery and species The fossils of ''Chialingosaurus'' were collected by the geologist Kuan Yaowu or Guan Yao-Wu in 1957, at Taipingstai in Quxian County, while surveying the Chialing River in southern China. The type species ''Chialingosaurus kuani'' was named and described by paleontologist Yang Zhongjian, ("C. C. Young") two years later in 1959. The generic name refers to the Chialing. The specific name honours Kuan. ''Chialingosaurus'' was the first stegosaurian described from China.C.-C. Young, 19 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Huayangosaurus Taibaii
''Huayangosaurus'' is a genus of stegosaurian dinosaur from the Middle Jurassic of China. The name derives from "Huayang" (華陽), an alternate name for Sichuan (the province where it was discovered), and "saurus", meaning "lizard". It lived during the Bathonian to Callovian stages, around 165 million years ago, some 20 million years before its famous relative, ''Stegosaurus'' appeared in North America. At only approximately long, it was also much smaller than its famous cousin. Found in the Lower Shaximiao Formation, ''Huayangosaurus'' shared the local Middle Jurassic landscape with the sauropods '' Shunosaurus'', '' Datousaurus'', '' Omeisaurus'' and '' Protognathosaurus'', the ornithopod '' Xiaosaurus'' and the carnivorous ''Gasosaurus''. Description Like other stegosaurians, ''Huayangosaurus'' was a quadrupedal herbivore with a small skull and a spiked tail. Like its more famous relative, ''Stegosaurus'', ''Huayangosaurus'' bore the distinctive double row of plates that ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Stegosaurus Stenops
''Stegosaurus'' (; ) is a genus of herbivorous, four-legged, armored dinosaur from the Late Jurassic, characterized by the distinctive kite-shaped upright plates along their backs and spikes on their tails. Fossils of the genus have been found in the western United States and in Portugal, where they are found in Kimmeridgian- to early Tithonian-aged strata, dating to between 155 and 145 million years ago. Of the species that have been classified in the upper Morrison Formation of the western US, only three are universally recognized: ''S. stenops'', ''S. ungulatus'' and ''S. sulcatus''. The remains of over 80 individual animals of this genus have been found. ''Stegosaurus'' would have lived alongside dinosaurs such as ''Apatosaurus'', ''Diplodocus'', ''Brachiosaurus'', ''Ceratosaurus'', and ''Allosaurus''; the latter two may have preyed on it. They were large, heavily built, herbivorous quadrupeds with rounded backs, short fore limbs, long hind limbs, and tails held high ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Othniel Charles Marsh
Othniel Charles Marsh (October 29, 1831 – March 18, 1899) was an American professor of Paleontology in Yale College and President of the National Academy of Sciences. He was one of the preeminent scientists in the field of paleontology. Among his legacies are the discovery or description of dozens of new species and theories on the origins of birds. Born into a modest family, Marsh was able to afford higher education thanks to the generosity of his wealthy uncle George Peabody. After graduating from Yale College in 1860 he travelled the world, studying anatomy, mineralogy and geology. He obtained a teaching position at Yale upon his return. From the 1870s to 1890s, he competed with rival paleontologist Edward Drinker Cope in a period of frenzied Western American expeditions known as the Bone Wars. Marsh's greatest legacy is the collection of Mesozoic reptiles, Cretaceous birds, and Mesozoic and Tertiary mammals that now constitute the backbone of the collections of Yale's ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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