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Slime Flux
Slime flux, also known as bacterial slime or bacterial wetwood, is a bacterial disease of certain trees, primarily elm, cottonwood, poplar, boxelder, ash, aspen, fruitless mulberry and oak. A wound to the bark, caused by pruning, insects, poor branch angles or natural cracks and splits, causes sap to ooze from the wound. Bacteria may infect this sap causing it to darken and stain the bark, eventually taking on a foamy appearance and unpleasant odor. This slimy ooze becomes toxic to the bark and eats into the tree. Additionally, the fermented sap attracts insects like flies, ants, and maggots. Cause Slime flux occurs when a wound is made in a tree trunk through things such as natural growth cracks, frost, insects, birds, lawn mowers, cat scratches, or pruning wounds, which causal bacteria can enter. Once inside the xylem, the internal pressure of the tree is raised, from the normal range of up to , due to bacteria fermenting and emitting a gas mixture of methane, nitrogen, car ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Camperdown Elm
Camperdown may refer to: Places ;Australia * Camperdown, New South Wales, a suburb of Sydney * Camperdown, Victoria, a town in Western Victoria ;Canada * Camperdown Signal Station, operated 1797–1925, located on Portuguese Cove, Nova Scotia ;England * Camperdown, Tyne and Wear, a village in the Metropolitan Borough of North Tyneside ;Netherlands * Kamperduin, a village in the province of North Holland, on the North Sea coast ;Scotland * Camperdown, Dundee, a suburb of Dundee ;South Africa * Camperdown, KwaZulu-Natal, a town Other uses * Battle of Camperdown, a naval battle fought between the Dutch and British fleets in 1797 off the Dutch coast near Kamperduin * HMS ''Camperdown'', four ships of the Royal Navy named after the battle * Camperdown Elm Camperdown may refer to: Places ;Australia * Camperdown, New South Wales, a suburb of Sydney * Camperdown, Victoria, a town in Western Victoria ;Canada * Camperdown Signal Station, operated 1797–1925, located on Portugu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bacteroides
''Bacteroides'' is a genus of Gram-negative, obligate anaerobic bacteria. ''Bacteroides'' species are non endospore-forming bacilli, and may be either motile or nonmotile, depending on the species. The DNA base composition is 40–48% GC. Unusual in bacterial organisms, ''Bacteroides'' membranes contain sphingolipids. They also contain meso-diaminopimelic acid in their peptidoglycan layer. ''Bacteroides'' species are normally mutualistic, making up the most substantial portion of the mammalian gastrointestinal microbiota, where they play a fundamental role in processing of complex molecules to simpler ones in the host intestine. As many as 1010–1011 cells per gram of human feces have been reported. They can use simple sugars when available; however, the main sources of energy for ''Bacteroides'' species in the gut are complex host-derived and plant glycans. Studies indicate that long-term diet is strongly associated with the gut microbiome composition—those who eat plenty ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Altingiaceae
Altingiaceae is a small family of flowering plants in the order Saxifragales, Peter F. Stevens (2001 onwards). "Altingiaceae". At: Angiosperm Phylogeny Website. At: Missouri Botanical Garden Website. (see ''External links'' below) consisting of wind-pollinated trees that produce hard, woody fruits containing numerous seeds. The fruits have been studied in considerable detail.Stephanie M. Ickert-Bond, Kathleen B. Pigg, and Jun Wen. 2005. "Comparative infructescence morphology in ''Liquidambar'' (Altingiaceae) and its evolutionary significance". ''American Journal of Botany'' 92(8):1234-1255.Stephanie M. Ickert-Bond, Kathleen B. Pigg, and Jun Wen. 2007. "Comparative infructescence morphology in ''Altingia'' (Altingiaceae) and discordance between morphological and molecular phylogenies". ''American Journal of Botany'' 94(7):1094-1115. They naturally occur in Central America, Mexico, eastern North America, the eastern Mediterranean, China, and tropical Asia.Stephanie M. Ickert-Bond ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Genus
Genus ( plural genera ) is a taxonomic rank used in the biological classification of extant taxon, living and fossil organisms as well as Virus classification#ICTV classification, viruses. In the hierarchy of biological classification, genus comes above species and below family (taxonomy), family. In binomial nomenclature, the genus name forms the first part of the binomial species name for each species within the genus. :E.g. ''Panthera leo'' (lion) and ''Panthera onca'' (jaguar) are two species within the genus ''Panthera''. ''Panthera'' is a genus within the family Felidae. The composition of a genus is determined by taxonomy (biology), taxonomists. The standards for genus classification are not strictly codified, so different authorities often produce different classifications for genera. There are some general practices used, however, including the idea that a newly defined genus should fulfill these three criteria to be descriptively useful: # monophyly – all descendants ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Family (biology)
Family ( la, familia, plural ') is one of the eight major hierarchical taxonomic ranks in Linnaean taxonomy. It is classified between order and genus. A family may be divided into subfamilies, which are intermediate ranks between the ranks of family and genus. The official family names are Latin in origin; however, popular names are often used: for example, walnut trees and hickory trees belong to the family Juglandaceae, but that family is commonly referred to as the "walnut family". What belongs to a family—or if a described family should be recognized at all—are proposed and determined by practicing taxonomists. There are no hard rules for describing or recognizing a family, but in plants, they can be characterized on the basis of both vegetative and reproductive features of plant species. Taxonomists often take different positions about descriptions, and there may be no broad consensus across the scientific community for some time. The publishing of new data and opini ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bleach
Bleach is the generic name for any chemical product that is used industrially or domestically to remove color (whitening) from a fabric or fiber or to clean or to remove stains in a process called bleaching. It often refers specifically, to a dilute solution of sodium hypochlorite, also called "liquid bleach". Many bleaches have broad spectrum bactericidal properties, making them useful for disinfecting and sterilizing. They are used in swimming pool sanitation to control bacteria, viruses, and algae, and in many places where sterile conditions are required. They are also used in many industrial processes, notably in the bleaching of wood pulp. Bleaches also have other minor uses like removing mildew, killing weeds, and increasing the longevity of cut flowers. Bleaches work by reacting with many colored organic compounds, such as natural pigments, and turning them into colorless ones. While most bleaches are oxidizing agents (chemicals that can remove electrons from other ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Prototheca
''Prototheca'' is a genus of algae in the family Chlorellaceae. All the species within this genus, even though classified as green algae, have forfeited their photosynthetic ability and have switched to parasitism. Some species can cause the disease protothecosis, otherwise known as Algaemia. Symptoms include: Cutaneous lesions, Olecranon bursitis. Etymology From the Greek ''proto''- (first) + ''thēkē'' (sheath), ''Prototheca'' is a genus of variably shaped spherical cells of achloric algae in the family Chlorellaceae. Wilhelm Krüger, a German expert in plant physiology and sugar production, reported ''Prototheca'' microorganisms in 1894, shortly after spending 7 years in Java studying sugarcane. He isolated ''Prototheca'' species from the sap of 3 tree species. Krüger named these organisms as ''P. moriformis'' and ''P. zopfii'', the second name as a tribute to Friedrich Wilhelm Zopf Friedrich (or Friederich) Wilhelm Zopf (12 December 1846 – 24 June 1909) was a well-kno ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Luteimonas Aestuarii
''Luteimonas aestuarii'' is a species of yellow-pigmented bacteria. It is Gram-negative Gram-negative bacteria are bacteria that do not retain the crystal violet stain used in the Gram staining method of bacterial differentiation. They are characterized by their cell envelopes, which are composed of a thin peptidoglycan cell wall ... and rod-shaped, and its type strain is B9(T) (= KCTC 22048(T), DSM 19680(T)). References Further reading *Whitman, William B., et al., eds. ''Bergey’s Manual® of Systematic Bacteriology''. Vol. 2. Springer, 2012. External links *LPSN [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Paracoccus
''Paracoccus'' is a genus of bacteria in the family Rhodobacteraceae.See the NCBIbr>webpage on Paracoccus Data extracted from the Species Accepted Species The following species have been effectively and validly published: * '' Paracoccus acridae'' Zhang ''et al''. 2016 * '' Paracoccus aeridis'' Rai ''et al''. 2020 * '' Paracoccus aerius'' Xue ''et al''. 2017 * '' Paracoccus aestuarii'' Roh ''et al''. 2009 * '' Paracoccus aestuariivivens'' Park ''et al''. 2016 * '' Paracoccus alcaliphilus'' Urakami ''et al''. 1989 * '' Paracoccus alimentarius'' Kim ''et al''. 2018 * '' Paracoccus alkanivorans'' Zhang ''et al''. 2020 * '' Paracoccus alkenifer'' Lipski ''et al''. 1998 * '' Paracoccus aminophilus'' Urakami ''et al''. 1990 * '' Paracoccus aminovorans'' Urakami ''et al''. 1990 * '' Paracoccus amoyensis'' Lyu ''et al''. 2021 * '' Paracoccus angustae'' Sun ''et al''. 2015 * '' Paracoccus aurantiacus'' Ye ''et al''. 2020 * '' Paracoccus bengalensis'' Ghosh ''et al''. 2006 * '' Paracocc ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Brevundimonas
The ''Brevundimonas'' are a genus of bacteria. They are Gram-negative, non-fermenting, aerobic bacilli. The ''Brevundimonas'' species are ubiquitous in the environment but are rarely isolated from clinical samples., although numbers are increasing. Two species of ''Brevundimonas'' originally classified under the genus ''Pseudomonas'' have been re-classified by Seger et al. as ''Brevundimonas vesicularis'' and ''Brevundimonas diminuta''. Etymology The name ''Brevundimonas'' derives from: Latin adjective ''brevis'', short; Latin feminine gender noun ''unda'', a wave; Latin feminine gender noun '' monas (μονάς)'', nominally meaning "a unit", but in effect meaning a bacterium; New Latin feminine gender In linguistics, grammatical gender system is a specific form of noun class system, where nouns are assigned with gender categories that are often not related to their real-world qualities. In languages with grammatical gender, most or all nouns ... noun ''Brevundimonas ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Methanobacterium
In taxonomy, ''Methanobacterium'' is a genus of the Methanobacteriaceae family of Archaea.See the NCBIbr>webpage on Methanobacterium Data extracted from the Despite the name, this genus belongs not to the bacterial domain but the archaeal domain (for instance, they lack peptidoglycan in their cell walls). Methanobacterium are nonmotile and live without oxygen. Some members of this genus can use formate to reduce methane; others live exclusively through the reduction of carbon dioxide with hydrogen. They are ubiquitous in some hot, low-oxygen environments, such as anaerobic digestors, their wastewater, and hot springs. Examples of Methanobacterium Species '' Methanobacterium bryantii'' is part of the syntrophic ''Methanobacillus omelianskii'' culture. ''Methanobacterium thermoautotrophicum'' Marburg can undergo natural genetic transformation, the transfer of DNA from one cell to another. Genetic transformation in archaeal species, generally, appears to be an adaptation for ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lactobacillus
''Lactobacillus'' is a genus of Gram-positive, aerotolerant anaerobes or microaerophilic, rod-shaped, non-spore-forming bacteria. Until 2020, the genus ''Lactobacillus'' comprised over 260 phylogenetically, ecologically, and metabolically diverse species; a taxonomic revision of the genus assigned lactobacilli to 25 genera (see below). ''Lactobacillus'' species constitute a significant component of the human and animal microbiota at a number of body sites, such as the digestive system, and the female genital system. In women of European ancestry, ''Lactobacillus'' species are normally a major part of the vaginal microbiota. ''Lactobacillus'' forms biofilms in the vaginal and gut microbiota, allowing them to persist during harsh environmental conditions and maintain ample populations. ''Lactobacillus'' exhibits a mutualistic relationship with the human body, as it protects the host against potential invasions by pathogens, and in turn, the host provides a source of nutrien ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
