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Prototheca
''Prototheca'' is a genus of algae in the family Chlorellaceae. All the species within this genus, even though classified as green algae, have forfeited their photosynthetic ability and have switched to parasitism. Some species can cause the disease protothecosis, otherwise known as Algaemia. Symptoms include: Cutaneous lesions, Olecranon bursitis. Etymology From the Greek ''proto''- (first) + ''thēkē'' (sheath), ''Prototheca'' is a genus of variably shaped spherical cells of achloric algae in the family Chlorellaceae. Wilhelm Krüger, a German expert in plant physiology and sugar production, reported ''Prototheca'' microorganisms in 1894, shortly after spending 7 years in Java studying sugarcane. He isolated ''Prototheca'' species from the sap of 3 tree species. Krüger named these organisms as ''P. moriformis'' and ''P. zopfii'', the second name as a tribute to Friedrich Wilhelm Zopf Friedrich (or Friederich) Wilhelm Zopf (12 December 1846 – 24 June 1909) was a well-kno ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Protothecosis
Protothecosis, otherwise known as Algaemia, is a disease found in dogs, cats, cattle, and humans caused by a type of green alga known as ''Prototheca'' that lacks chlorophyll and enters the human or animal bloodstream. It and its close relative '' Helicosporidium'' are unusual in that they are actually green algae that have become parasites. The two most common species are ''Prototheca wickerhamii'' and '' Prototheca zopfii''. Both are known to cause disease in dogs, while most human cases are caused by ''P. wickerhami''. ''Prototheca'' is found worldwide in sewage and soil. Infection is rare despite high exposure, and can be related to a defective immune system. In dogs, females and Collies are most commonly affected. The first human case was identified in 1964 in Sierra Leone. Cause ''Prototheca'' has been thought to be a mutant of ''Chlorella'', a type of single-celled green alga. However, while ''Chlorella'' contains galactose and galactosamine in the cell wall, ''Prototh ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Prototheca Moriformis
''Prototheca'' is a genus of algae in the family Chlorellaceae. All the species within this genus, even though classified as green algae, have forfeited their photosynthetic ability and have switched to parasitism. Some species can cause the disease protothecosis, otherwise known as Algaemia. Symptoms include: Cutaneous lesions, Olecranon bursitis. Etymology From the Greek ''proto''- (first) + ''thēkē'' (sheath), ''Prototheca'' is a genus of variably shaped spherical cells of achloric algae in the family Chlorellaceae. Wilhelm Krüger, a German expert in plant physiology and sugar production, reported ''Prototheca'' microorganisms in 1894, shortly after spending 7 years in Java studying sugarcane. He isolated ''Prototheca'' species from the sap of 3 tree species. Krüger named these organisms as ''P. moriformis'' and ''P. zopfii'', the second name as a tribute to Friedrich Wilhelm Zopf Friedrich (or Friederich) Wilhelm Zopf (12 December 1846 – 24 June 1909) was a well-kno ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Prototheca Ulmea
''Prototheca'' is a genus of algae in the family Chlorellaceae. All the species within this genus, even though classified as green algae, have forfeited their photosynthetic ability and have switched to parasitism. Some species can cause the disease protothecosis, otherwise known as Algaemia. Symptoms include: Cutaneous lesions, Olecranon bursitis. Etymology From the Greek ''proto''- (first) + ''thēkē'' (sheath), ''Prototheca'' is a genus of variably shaped spherical cells of achloric algae in the family Chlorellaceae. Wilhelm Krüger, a German expert in plant physiology and sugar production, reported ''Prototheca'' microorganisms in 1894, shortly after spending 7 years in Java studying sugarcane. He isolated ''Prototheca'' species from the sap of 3 tree species. Krüger named these organisms as ''P. moriformis'' and ''P. zopfii'', the second name as a tribute to Friedrich Wilhelm Zopf Friedrich (or Friederich) Wilhelm Zopf (12 December 1846 – 24 June 1909) was a well-kno ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Prototheca Stagnora
''Prototheca'' is a genus of algae in the family Chlorellaceae. All the species within this genus, even though classified as green algae, have forfeited their photosynthetic ability and have switched to parasitism. Some species can cause the disease protothecosis, otherwise known as Algaemia. Symptoms include: Cutaneous lesions, Olecranon bursitis. Etymology From the Greek ''proto''- (first) + ''thēkē'' (sheath), ''Prototheca'' is a genus of variably shaped spherical cells of achloric algae in the family Chlorellaceae. Wilhelm Krüger, a German expert in plant physiology and sugar production, reported ''Prototheca'' microorganisms in 1894, shortly after spending 7 years in Java studying sugarcane. He isolated ''Prototheca'' species from the sap of 3 tree species. Krüger named these organisms as ''P. moriformis'' and ''P. zopfii'', the second name as a tribute to Friedrich Wilhelm Zopf Friedrich (or Friederich) Wilhelm Zopf (12 December 1846 – 24 June 1909) was a well-kno ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Prototheca Blaschkeae
''Prototheca'' is a genus of algae in the family Chlorellaceae. All the species within this genus, even though classified as green algae, have forfeited their photosynthetic ability and have switched to parasitism. Some species can cause the disease protothecosis, otherwise known as Algaemia. Symptoms include: Cutaneous lesions, Olecranon bursitis. Etymology From the Greek ''proto''- (first) + ''thēkē'' (sheath), ''Prototheca'' is a genus of variably shaped spherical cells of achloric algae in the family Chlorellaceae. Wilhelm Krüger, a German expert in plant physiology and sugar production, reported ''Prototheca'' microorganisms in 1894, shortly after spending 7 years in Java studying sugarcane. He isolated ''Prototheca'' species from the sap of 3 tree species. Krüger named these organisms as ''P. moriformis'' and ''P. zopfii'', the second name as a tribute to Friedrich Wilhelm Zopf Friedrich (or Friederich) Wilhelm Zopf (12 December 1846 – 24 June 1909) was a well-kno ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Prototheca Miyajii
''Prototheca'' is a genus of algae in the family Chlorellaceae. All the species within this genus, even though classified as green algae, have forfeited their photosynthetic ability and have switched to parasitism. Some species can cause the disease protothecosis, otherwise known as Algaemia. Symptoms include: Cutaneous lesions, Olecranon bursitis. Etymology From the Greek ''proto''- (first) + ''thēkē'' (sheath), ''Prototheca'' is a genus of variably shaped spherical cells of achloric algae in the family Chlorellaceae. Wilhelm Krüger, a German expert in plant physiology and sugar production, reported ''Prototheca'' microorganisms in 1894, shortly after spending 7 years in Java studying sugarcane. He isolated ''Prototheca'' species from the sap of 3 tree species. Krüger named these organisms as ''P. moriformis'' and ''P. zopfii'', the second name as a tribute to Friedrich Wilhelm Zopf Friedrich (or Friederich) Wilhelm Zopf (12 December 1846 – 24 June 1909) was a well-kno ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Algaemia
Algaemia is a secondary term that refers to the emerging condition in which green algae enter the bloodstream. Members of the genus ''Prototheca'' are the most common algae that leads to algaemia. ''Prototheca'' and Chlorella, which is extremely rare, are the only two known algae genera capable of inflicting disease on mammals, including humans, through invasion of host tissue. The majority of cases are observed in dairy cattle as a cause of bovine mastitis as well as other domesticated animals. Cases of algaemia have been observed in dogs and cats as well. Few cases have been observed in humans. Human cases of algaemia or, protothecosis, are examined on a case-by-case basis due to the particularity of each case. Protothecosis infection is classified based on the symptoms: (i) cutaneous lesions, (ii) olecranon bursitis, and (iii) disseminated or systemic type infections. Symptoms and signs Protothecosis can affect anyone but is most commonly seen with more severe symptoms in tho ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Prototheca Zopfii
''Prototheca zopfii'' is aerobic, unicellular, yeast-like, achlorophyllic (without chlorophyll) microalga. Distribution ''Prototheca zopfii'' is opportunistic, environmental pathogen and ubiquitous in nature. This alga is mainly associated with wet areas and places with high organic contents. It can be found in tanks, well water, teat-dip containers, and milking machines. Genome The genome of this organism's mitochondrion and plastid were first sequenced in 2018.Severgnini M, Lazzari B, Capra E, Chessa S, Luini M, Bordoni R, Castiglioni B, Ricchi M, Cremonesi P (2018) Genome sequencing of Prototheca zopfii genotypes 1 and 2 provides evidence of a severe reduction in organellar genomes. Sci Rep 8(1):14637. doi: 10.1038/s41598-018-32992-0. Reproduction ''Prototheca zopfii'' reproduce asexually by endosporulation. Culture media Sabouraud agar is used as a cultural medium.Antimicrobial susceptibility of'' Prototheca zopfii'' isolated from bovine mastitis., Władysław Waw ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Prototheca Wickerhamii
''Prototheca wickerhamii'' is a ubiquitous green alga that does not have chlorophyll. It is widely present in the environment but is a rare cause of infection in humans (protothecosis) and most commonly presents as nodules of the skin. Most cases reported have a suppressed immune system (from drugs or disease). Infection usually results by direct traumatic inoculation. Identification Diagnosis can be made through culture of diseased tissue in Sabouraud dextrose agar or by visualization of sporangia containing sporangiospores on tissue biopsy (using hematoxylin/eosin, GMS, or PAS histochemical stains). The organism incites a chronic granulomatous inflammation with infiltrate of histiocytes, lymphocytes, giant cells and occasional eosinophils. The organism has thick wall, internal septations, measures 3–11 µm in diameter. The sporangia have very small wedge-shaped endospores arranged radially and moulded (morula-like form). Differential diagnosis: Protothecal sporangi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Algae
Algae (; singular alga ) is an informal term for a large and diverse group of photosynthetic eukaryotic organisms. It is a polyphyletic grouping that includes species from multiple distinct clades. Included organisms range from unicellular microalgae, such as ''Chlorella,'' ''Prototheca'' and the diatoms, to multicellular forms, such as the giant kelp, a large brown alga which may grow up to in length. Most are aquatic and autotrophic (they generate food internally) and lack many of the distinct cell and tissue types, such as stomata, xylem and phloem that are found in land plants. The largest and most complex marine algae are called seaweeds, while the most complex freshwater forms are the ''Charophyta'', a division of green algae which includes, for example, ''Spirogyra'' and stoneworts. No definition of algae is generally accepted. One definition is that algae "have chlorophyll ''a'' as their primary photosynthetic pigment and lack a sterile covering of cells around thei ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Friedrich Wilhelm Zopf
Friedrich (or Friederich) Wilhelm Zopf (12 December 1846 – 24 June 1909) was a well-known German botanist and mycologist. He dedicated to his whole life with fungal biology, particularly in classification of fungi and dye production in fungi and lichens. Besides, his textbook on fungi called “Die pilze in morphologischer, physiologischer, biologischer und systematischer beziehung (Translation: The mushrooms in morphological, physiological, biological and systematic relationship)” in 1890 was also an outstanding work on the subject for many decades. The unicellular achlorophic microalgae ''Prototheca zopfii'' is named after him because of his profound suggestions and contributions to Krüger's pioneering work in ''Prototheca''. Thus, his numerous contributions gave him a special status in mycological history. Early life Wilhelm Zopf was born in Roßleben in Thuringia in 1846. Before going into biological science area, he has been an elementary school teacher in Thondorf at ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Chlorellaceae
Chlorellaceae are a family (biology), family of green algae in the order Chlorellales.See the National Center for Biotechnology Information, NCBI]webpage on Chlorellaceae Data extracted from the This genus includes some important emerging pathogens of humans and farm animals, such as ''Prototheca zopfii''. References External links Chlorellaceae, Trebouxiophyceae families {{green algae-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
