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Sangivamycin
Sangivamycin is a natural product originally isolated from ''Streptomyces rimosus'', which is a nucleoside analogue. It acts as an inhibitor of protein kinase C. It has antibiotic, antiviral and anti-cancer properties and has been investigated for various medical applications, though never approved for clinical use itself. However, a number of related derivatives continue to be researched. Oyagen, a biotechnology company, has been developing sangivamycin or OYA1, which showed efficacy against Ebola infections, as a broad spectrum antiviral for COVID-19. Tonix Pharmaceuticals licensed OYA1 from Oyagen in April 2021 to develop it for the treatment of COVID-19 and it is now called TNX-3500. See also * CMX521 (methylated analogue) * GS-441524 * NITD008 * Pyrazofurin Pyrazofurin (pyrazomycin) is a natural product found in '' Streptomyces candidus'', which is a nucleoside analogue related to ribavirin. It has antibiotic, antiviral and anti-cancer properties but was not succes ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tonix Pharmaceuticals
Tonix Pharmaceuticals (Tonix Pharmaceuticals Holding Corp.) is a pharmaceutical company based in Chatham, New jersey that focuses on drug repurposing, repurposed drugs for central nervous system conditions and as of 2020 was also pursuing a vaccine for Coronavirus disease 2019, COVID-19 and a biodefense project. History The company's predecessors were Tamandare Explorations Inc. which had been formed in 2007 as a mining wildcat vehicle focused on land in Nevada and the shares of which were traded Over-the-counter (finance), over the counter, and L & L Technologies, LLC, which had been formed in 1996 by Seth Lederman and Donald Landry to drug repurposing, repurpose drugs for CNS development. L&L had formed Janus Pharmaceuticals, Inc., which later became Vela Pharmaceuticals, Inc. to develop some of its inventions, and Vela returned those assets to L&L in 2006. L&L placed them in a subsidiary called Krele Pharmaceuticals, Inc., and that subsidiary and Tamandare Explorations Inc. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
CMX521
CMX521 is an antiviral drug discovered by Chimerix, which was developed for the treatment of norovirus, though it also shows efficacy against related viral diarrheas such as rotovirus and some sapoviruses, astroviruses and adenoviruses. It is a nucleoside analogue which acts as an inhibitor of viral RNA-dependant RNA polymerase. See also * GS-441524 * NITD008 * Sangivamycin Sangivamycin is a natural product originally isolated from ''Streptomyces rimosus'', which is a nucleoside analogue. It acts as an inhibitor of protein kinase C. It has antibiotic, antiviral and anti-cancer properties and has been investigated ... References Anti–RNA virus drugs Antiviral drugs {{antiinfective-drug-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pyrazofurin
Pyrazofurin (pyrazomycin) is a natural product found in '' Streptomyces candidus'', which is a nucleoside analogue related to ribavirin. It has antibiotic, antiviral and anti-cancer properties but was not successful in human clinical trials due to severe side effects. Nevertheless, it continues to be the subject of ongoing research as a potential drug of last resort A drug of last resort (DoLR), also known as a heroic dose, is a pharmaceutical drug which is tried after all other drug options have failed to produce an adequate response in the patient. Drug resistance, such as antimicrobial resistance or antine ..., or a template for improved synthetic derivatives. See also * Acadesine * EICAR (antiviral) * Sangivamycin References Antiviral drugs Tetrahydrofurans Pyrazolecarboxamides Polyols {{antiinfective-drug-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Natural Product
A natural product is a natural compound or substance produced by a living organism—that is, found in nature. In the broadest sense, natural products include any substance produced by life. Natural products can also be prepared by chemical synthesis (both semisynthesis and total synthesis) and have played a central role in the development of the field of organic chemistry by providing challenging synthetic targets. The term natural product has also been extended for commercial purposes to refer to cosmetics, dietary supplements, and foods produced from natural sources without added artificial ingredients. Within the field of organic chemistry, the definition of natural products is usually restricted to organic compounds isolated from natural sources that are produced by the pathways of primary or secondary metabolism. Within the field of medicinal chemistry, the definition is often further restricted to secondary metabolites. Secondary metabolites (or specialized metabolites ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Streptomyces Rimosus
''Streptomyces rimosus'' is a bacterium species in the genus '' Streptomyces''. Uses The antibiotics oxytetracycline and tetracycline are produced in cultures of ''S. rimosus''. Paromomycin has also been isolated from cultures of ''S. rimosus''. Polyketide synthesis ''S. rimosus''s oxytetracycline polyketide synthase acyl carrier protein The acyl carrier protein (ACP) is a cofactor of both fatty acid and polyketide Polyketides are a class of natural products derived from a precursor molecule consisting of a chain of alternating ketone (or reduced forms of a ketone) and methylene ... differs from most ACPs by having a C-terminus extension. References External links Type strain of ''Streptomyces rimosus'' at Bac''Dive'' - the Bacterial Diversity Metadatabase rimosus {{Streptomyces-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nucleoside Analogue
Nucleoside analogues are nucleosides which contain a nucleic acid analogue and a sugar. Nucleotide analogs are nucleotides which contain a nucleic acid analogue, a sugar, and a phosphate group with one to three phosphates. Nucleoside and nucleotide analogues can be used in therapeutic drugs, including a range of antiviral products used to prevent viral replication in infected cells. The most commonly used is acyclovir, although its inclusion in this category is uncertain, because it acts as a nucleoside but contains no actual sugar, as the sugar ring is replaced by an open-chain structure. Nucleotide and nucleoside analogues can also be found naturally. Examples include ddhCTP (3ʹ-deoxy-3′,4ʹdidehydro-CTP) produced by the human antiviral protein viperin and sinefungin (a S-Adenosyl methionine analogue) produced by some ''Streptomyces''. Function These agents can be used against hepatitis B virus, hepatitis C virus, herpes simplex, and HIV. Once they are phosphorylat ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Protein Kinase C
In cell biology, Protein kinase C, commonly abbreviated to PKC (EC 2.7.11.13), is a family of protein kinase enzymes that are involved in controlling the function of other proteins through the phosphorylation of hydroxyl groups of serine and threonine amino acid residues on these proteins, or a member of this family. PKC enzymes in turn are activated by signals such as increases in the concentration of diacylglycerol (DAG) or calcium ions (Ca2+). Hence PKC enzymes play important roles in several signal transduction cascades. In biochemistry, the PKC family consists of fifteen isozymes in humans. They are divided into three subfamilies, based on their second messenger requirements: conventional (or classical), novel, and atypical. Conventional (c)PKCs contain the isoforms α, βI, βII, and γ. These require Ca2+, DAG, and a phospholipid such as phosphatidylserine for activation. Novel (n)PKCs include the δ, ε, η, and θ isoforms, and require DAG, but do not require Ca2+ for ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Antibiotic
An antibiotic is a type of antimicrobial substance active against bacteria. It is the most important type of antibacterial agent for fighting bacterial infections, and antibiotic medications are widely used in the treatment and prevention of such infections. They may either kill or inhibit the growth of bacteria. A limited number of antibiotics also possess antiprotozoal activity. Antibiotics are not effective against viruses such as the common cold or influenza; drugs which inhibit viruses are termed antiviral drugs or antivirals rather than antibiotics. Sometimes, the term ''antibiotic''—literally "opposing life", from the Greek roots ἀντι ''anti'', "against" and βίος ''bios'', "life"—is broadly used to refer to any substance used against microbes, but in the usual medical usage, antibiotics (such as penicillin) are those produced naturally (by one microorganism fighting another), whereas non-antibiotic antibacterials (such as sulfonamides and antiseptics) ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Antiviral
Antiviral drugs are a class of medication used for treating viral infections. Most antivirals target specific viruses, while a broad-spectrum antiviral is effective against a wide range of viruses. Unlike most antibiotics, antiviral drugs do not destroy their target pathogen; instead they inhibit its development. Antiviral drugs are one class of antimicrobials, a larger group which also includes antibiotic (also termed antibacterial), antifungal and antiparasitic drugs, or antiviral drugs based on monoclonal antibodies. Most antivirals are considered relatively harmless to the host, and therefore can be used to treat infections. They should be distinguished from viricides, which are not medication but deactivate or destroy virus particles, either inside or outside the body. Natural viricides are produced by some plants such as eucalyptus and Australian tea trees. Medical uses Most of the antiviral drugs now available are designed to help deal with HIV, herpes viruses, the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
GS-441524
GS-441524 is a nucleoside analogue antiviral drug which was developed by Gilead Sciences. It is the main plasma metabolite of the antiviral prodrug remdesivir, and has a half-life of around 24 hours in human patients. Remdesivir and GS-441524 were both found to be effective ''in vitro'' against feline coronavirus strains responsible for feline infectious peritonitis (FIP), a lethal systemic disease affecting domestic cats. Remdesivir was never tested in cats (though some vets now offer it), but GS-441524 has been found to be effective treatment for FIP and is widely used despite no official FDA approval due to Gilead's refusal to license this drug for veterinary use. An isopropylester pro-drug of GS-441524 - Obeldesivir has been developed by GILEAD_Sciences and is in Phase III clinical trials. A deuterated form has been developed by Vigonvita Life Sciences and is also in Phase III clinical trials. Use and research Since FIP is usually fatal and there are no approved treatmen ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
NITD008
NITD008 is an antiviral drug classified as an adenosine analog (a type of nucleoside analog). It was developed as a potential treatment for flavivirus infections and shows broad spectrum antiviral activity against many related viruses such as dengue virus, West Nile virus, yellow fever virus, Powassan virus, hepatitis C virus, Kyasanur Forest disease virus, Omsk hemorrhagic fever virus, and Zika virus. However, NITD008 proved too toxic in pre-clinical animal testing to be suitable for human trials, but it continues to be used in research to find improved treatments for emerging viral diseases. See also * Favipiravir, a drug approved by China, Germany, Indonesia, Iran, Japan, Thailand, and Turkey for treating COVID-19 patients * MK-608, a drug with a similar structure * Remdesivir , FDA approved antiviral drug with a similar structure * Ribavirin Ribavirin, also known as tribavirin, is an antiviral medication used to treat RSV infection, hepatitis C and some viral h ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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