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Salpa Line
The Salpa Line ( fi, Salpalinja, literally ''Latch line''; sv, Salpalinjen), or its official name, Suomen Salpa (''Finland's Latch''), is a bunker line on the eastern border of Finland. It was built in 1940–1941 during the Interim Peace between the Winter War and the Continuation War and further in 1944 to defend Finland against a possible Soviet invasion. The line is 1,200 kilometres long, stretching from the Gulf of Finland to Petsamo (now Pechenga, Russia). It never saw military action because the Soviet offensive in 1944 was stopped at the VKT-line on the Karelian Isthmus. The fortifications of the Salpa Line were significantly more complete and stronger than those of the Mannerheim Line.Reino Arimo, ''Suomen linnoittamisen historia 1918—1944'' (''The History of Finnish Fortification 1918—1944''), Otava, 1981, Construction The planning of the Salpa Line was commissioned by general Rudolf Walden and the construction began at the end of the Winter War in 1940. At fir ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Finland
Finland ( fi, Suomi ; sv, Finland ), officially the Republic of Finland (; ), is a Nordic country in Northern Europe. It shares land borders with Sweden to the northwest, Norway to the north, and Russia to the east, with the Gulf of Bothnia to the west and the Gulf of Finland across Estonia to the south. Finland covers an area of with a population of 5.6 million. Helsinki is the capital and largest city, forming a larger metropolitan area with the neighbouring cities of Espoo, Kauniainen, and Vantaa. The vast majority of the population are ethnic Finns. Finnish, alongside Swedish, are the official languages. Swedish is the native language of 5.2% of the population. Finland's climate varies from humid continental in the south to the boreal in the north. The land cover is primarily a boreal forest biome, with more than 180,000 recorded lakes. Finland was first inhabited around 9000 BC after the Last Glacial Period. The Stone Age introduced several differe ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Dugout (military)
A dugout or dug-out, also known as a pit-house or earth lodge, is a shelter for humans or domesticated animals and livestock based on a hole or depression dug into the ground. Dugouts can be fully recessed into the earth, with a flat roof covered by ground, or dug into a hillside. They can also be semi-recessed, with a constructed wood or sod roof standing out. These structures are one of the most ancient types of human housing known to archaeologists, and the same methods have evolved into modern " earth shelter" technology. Dugouts may also be temporary shelters constructed as an aid to specific activities, e.g., concealment and protection during warfare or shelter while hunting. Africa Tunisia First driven underground by enemies who invaded their country, the Berbers of Matmata found underground homes the best defense against summer heat. Asia and the Pacific Australia Burra in South Australia's Mid-North region was the site of the famous 'Monster Mine' (copper) and ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ruokolahti
Ruokolahti (; sv, Ruokolax; literally translated the "Reed Bay") is a municipality of Finland, situated in south-eastern Finland, in the region of South Karelia. Neighbouring municipalities are Imatra, Lappeenranta, Taipalsaari, Puumala, Sulkava, Punkaharju, Parikkala and Rautjärvi. Ruokolahti covers an area of of which is water. The municipality has inhabitants (), but the population doubles in summer as holidaymakers occupy the 3,000 summer cottages in the region. (Text from ''Discover Ruokolahti'' web site with a permission.) Ruokolahti is known for its natural environment, for example Kummakivi is a balancing rock located at 61° 29' 36.4596" N, 28° 25' 45.5016" E in Ruokolahti and is protected. In the west there is the Lake Saimaa and in the east there are hundreds of smaller lakes. The Salpausselkä ridges run through the area. The famous sniper Simo Häyhä lived in Ruokolahti for 57 years after the 1939–40 Winter War. He is buried there in the graveyard of Ruokolah ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lemi
Lemi is a municipality of Finland. It is located in the South Karelia region. The municipality has a population of (), which make it the smallest municipality in South Karelia in terms of population. It covers an area of of which is water. The population density is . The municipality is unilingually Finnish. The Finnish thrash metal band Stam1na is from Lemi. In 2018 Lemi won the title heavy metal capital of the world that was determined by number of bands per capita. Lemi had 13 recognised bands but due to Lemi only having just 3,076 inhabitants won with ratio of 422.6 bands per 100,000 inhabitants. Geography The municipal center of Lemi is Juvola. The other villages are Ahtiala, Hakulila, Heikkilä, Huttula, Hyvärilä, Iitiä, Juuresaho (prev. Remunen), Juvola, Kaamanniemi, Kuukanniemi, Kapiala, Keskisenpää, Korpela, Kurkela, Kärmeniemi, Laakkola, Lavola, Merenlahti, Metsola, Mikkola, Mikonharju, Nisola, Nuppola, Olkkonen, Parkkola, Pöllölä, Ruohiala, Ruomi, Sairala, S ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Luumäki
Luumäki () is a municipality of Finland. Its seat is in the Taavetti village. It is located in the province of Southern Finland and is part of the South Karelia region. The municipality has a population of () and covers an area of of which is water. The population density is . The municipality is unilingually Finnish. Neighbour municipalities are Hamina, Kouvola, Lappeenranta, Lemi, Miehikkälä and Savitaipale. Lappeenranta is located from Luumäki. The president of Finland P. E. Svinhufvud died in Luumäki on February 29, 1944. The name ''Luumäki'' means literally "Bone Hill". In the Finnish version of the comic strip Bone, the place-name ''Boneville'' is translated as ''Luumäki''. History Luumäki was separated from Lappee as its own parish in 1642. The first church in the Luumäki parish was probably built as soon as the parish became independent. It was destroyed during the Great Wrath (''Isoviha''). The second church, completed in 1731, was damaged during the Le ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ylämaa
Ylämaa (; literally translated the "Highland") is a former municipality of Finland, located in the province of Southern Finland as part of the South Karelia region. It was consolidated with Lappeenranta on January 1, 2010.Jalokivistään tunnettu rajakunta joutui luopumaan itsenäisyydestään 11 vuotta sitten – nyt lähes kaikki palvelut ovat kadonneet – '' Yle'' (in Finnish) The municipality had a population of 1,408 (31 December 2009) and covers an area of of which is water. The |
Lappeenranta
Lappeenranta (; sv, Villmanstrand) is a city and municipality in the region of South Karelia, about from the Russian border and from the town of Vyborg (''Viipuri''). It is situated on the shore of the Lake Saimaa in southeastern Finland, and is one of the most significant urban centers in the whole Saimaa region, along with the towns of Imatra, Mikkeli and Savonlinna. With approximately inhabitants () Lappeenranta is the largest city in Finland, after incorporating the previous municipalities of Lappee and Lauritsala in 1967, Nuijamaa in 1989, Joutseno in 2009, and Ylämaa in 2010. Lappeenranta, the region's centre for tourism, is the second most visited city by Russian tourists in Finland after Helsinki and it competes with Helsinki for the largest share of tax-free sales in Finland. Lappeenranta is a model for renewable energies and a clean living environment. Lappeenranta was the only Finnish city among the 14 finalists in the international Earth Hour City Chall ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
WGS 84
The World Geodetic System (WGS) is a standard used in cartography, geodesy, and satellite navigation including GPS. The current version, WGS 84, defines an Earth-centered, Earth-fixed coordinate system and a geodetic datum, and also describes the associated Earth Gravitational Model (EGM) and World Magnetic Model (WMM). The standard is published and maintained by the United States National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency. Definition The coordinate origin of WGS 84 is meant to be located at the Earth's center of mass; the uncertainty is believed to be less than . The WGS 84 meridian of zero longitude is the IERS Reference Meridian, European Organisation for the Safety of Air Navigation and IfEN: WGS 84 Implementation Manual, p. 13. 1998 5.3 arc seconds or east of the Greenwich meridian at the latitude of the Royal Observatory. (This is related to the fact that the local gravity field at Greenwich doesn't point exactly through the Earth's center of mass, b ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
VT-line
The Vammelsuu–Taipale line ( fi, VT-linja; sv, VT-linjen; russian: Карельский вал) was a Finnish defensive line on the Karelian Isthmus built in 1942–1944 during the Continuation War and running from Vammelsuu on the northern shore of the Gulf of Finland through Kuuterselkä and Kivennapa and along Taipaleenjoki to Taipale on the western shore of Lake Ladoga. It crossed the Saint Petersburg–Vyborg railroad at Sahakylä (now 63rd km) and the Saint Petersburg–Hiitola railroad at Kelliö (now 69th km). See also * VKT-line * Karelian Fortified Region * Salpa Line The Salpa Line ( fi, Salpalinja, literally ''Latch line''; sv, Salpalinjen), or its official name, Suomen Salpa (''Finland's Latch''), is a bunker line on the eastern border of Finland. It was built in 1940–1941 during the Interim Peace betwee ... {{Finnish castles Continuation War World War II defensive lines ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Miehikkälä
Miehikkälä is a municipality of Finland. It is located in the province of Southern Finland and is part of the Kymenlaakso region. The municipality has a population of (), which make it the smallest municipality in Kymenlaakso in terms of population. It covers an area of of which is water. The population density is . Neighbouring municipalities are Hamina, Kouvola, Lappeenranta, Luumäki and Virolahti. It is from Miehikkälä to Kotka and to Lappeenranta. The municipality is unilingually Finnish. According to Traficom, Miehikkälä is the fourth most motorized municipality in Finland with 629 cars per thousand inhabitants. The coat of arms of the municipality representing the letter M (which refers to Miehikkälä's name) was designed by Tapio Vallioja in 1956. (in Finnish) Notab ...
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Salpa Line Museum
The Salpa Line Museum ( fi, Salpalinja-museo, russian: Музей линии "Салпа") was established and opened in 1987 by the Miehikkälä municipality and World War II veteran organisations. It is the first museum established belonging to the museums of Miehikkälä. The other museum is Miehikkälän kotiseutumuseo, the Miehikkala local arts-and-crafts museum, which was established in 1989 and is in the same building as the Engineers Museum. The Salpa Line Museum is the core of the Salpa Centre. It is both the tourist information centre of the Salpa Line Museum, the Engineer Museum and the Bunker Museum and the Salpa Line Museum centre itself. The area around was built as a defence line and the defence centre of an infantry company in 1940-1944. It was never used for defence as the front line never reached the area due to the truce of 5 September 1944 and the Moscow Armistice of 19 September 1944. Some of the preserved Salpa Line areas are classified by Finland's Nati ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Battle Of Tali-Ihantala
A battle is an occurrence of combat in warfare between opposing military units of any number or size. A war usually consists of multiple battles. In general, a battle is a military engagement that is well defined in duration, area, and force commitment. An engagement with only limited commitment between the forces and without decisive results is sometimes called a skirmish. The word "battle" can also be used infrequently to refer to an entire operational campaign, although this usage greatly diverges from its conventional or customary meaning. Generally, the word "battle" is used for such campaigns if referring to a protracted combat encounter in which either one or both of the combatants had the same methods, resources, and strategic objectives throughout the encounter. Some prominent examples of this would be the Battle of the Atlantic, Battle of Britain, and Battle of Stalingrad, all in World War II. Wars and military campaigns are guided by military strategy, whereas b ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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