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Sulkovian Dialect
The Sulkovian dialect (Silesian language, Silesian: ''sułkowski djalekt''; ) is one of the Silesian language, Silesian dialects, extracted by Feliks Steuer in his work ''Dialekt sułkowski'' (1934). It is a part of the Silesian-lach dialects, Lach border dialects; its name derives from Steuer's native village Sułków, Opole Voivodeship, Sułków. The works ''Ostatni gwojźdźaurz'' and ''Z naszej źymjy ślůnskej'' were written in this dialect. The characteristic features of Sulkovian phonology are: * the evolution of former long ''a'' into ''au'', pronounced ; * keeping of hard k and g in the combinations ''ky'' and ''gy'', e.g. ''okynka'' (windows), ''pługy'' (ploughs); * so-called "anticipation of softness" - adding the consonant ''j'', e.g. ''kujźńa'' (smithy); *the evolution of nasal vowel at the end of a word into ''am'', e.g. ''cebulam'' (onion, the accusative case).http://www.slunskoeka.pyrsk.com/gawyndy.html#4. Example References [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Silesian Language
Silesian, occasionally called Upper Silesian, is an ethnolect of the Lechitic languages, Lechitic group spoken by part of people in Upper Silesia. Its vocabulary was significantly influenced by Central German due to the existence of numerous Silesian German speakers in the area prior to World War II and after. The first mentions of Silesian as a distinct lect date back to the 16th century, and the first literature with Silesian characteristics to the 17th century. Linguistic distinctiveness of Silesian has long been a topic of discussion among Poland's Linguistics, linguists, especially after all of Upper Silesia was included within the Polish borders, following World War II. Some regard it as one of the Dialects of Polish, four major dialects of Polish language, Polish, while others classify it as a separate regional language, distinct from Polish. According to the official data from the 2021 Polish census, about 500 000 people consider Silesian as their first language, nat ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Feliks Steuer
Feliks Steuer (November 5, 1889 – May 30, 1950) was a Silesian educationist. Education and career Born in Zülkowitz (then Prussian Silesia, now Sulków in Poland). He was educated in Leobschütz (Czech: ''Hlubčice'', Polish: ''Głubczyce''). He studied Slavic languages at the Faculty of Philology in Innsbruck and in the University of Breslau (German: ''Universität Breslau''; Latin: ''Universitas Wratislaviensis''; Polish: ''Uniwersytet Wrocławski''). He was an author of several books on Silesian language, and a creator of the Steuer's Silesian Alphabet (Silesian: ''Steuerowy szrajbůnek''). World war I During World War I, he fought in the Western Front where was injured and lost his leg. After the war he was a director in two gymnasiums in Katowice (Upper Silesia). Death Steuer died in Katowice Katowice (, ) is the capital city of the Silesian Voivodeship in southern Poland and the central city of the Katowice urban area. As of 2021, Katowice has an offici ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Silesia
Silesia (see names #Etymology, below) is a historical region of Central Europe that lies mostly within Poland, with small parts in the Czech Silesia, Czech Republic and Germany. Its area is approximately , and the population is estimated at 8,000,000. Silesia is split into two main subregions, Lower Silesia in the west and Upper Silesia in the east. Silesia’s culture reflects its complex history and diverse influences, blending Polish, Czech, and German elements. The region is known for its distinctive Silesian language (still spoken by a minority in Upper Silesia), richly decorated folk National costumes of Poland, costumes, hearty regional Silesian cuisine, cuisine, and a mix of Gothic, Baroque, and industrial-era Silesian architecture, architecture seen in its cities and towns. The largest city of the region is Wrocław. Silesia is situated along the Oder River, with the Sudeten Mountains extending across the southern border. The region contains many historical landmarks ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lach Dialects
The Lach dialects, also known as Lachian dialects (, , ), are a group of West Slavic dialects that form a transition between the Polish and Czech language. They are spoken in parts of Czech Silesia, the Hlučín Region, and northeastern Moravia, as well as in some adjacent villages in Poland. Most Czech researchers consider Lach a dialect of Czech, whereas Polish dialectologists tend to ascribe Polish origins to Lach. Lachian is divided into numerous subdialects (Western, Eastern and Southern), it can therefore also be regarded as a dialect continuum, with limited mutual intelligibility between the eastern and western dialects. This dialectal differentiation is not typical for the Czech Republic, where there is a good deal of dialect leveling, especially in the west of the republic. Most Lachs, especially younger speakers, now speak standard Czech, and use it as a written language, while Lach remains the language of everyday speech. Lachian contains many German loanwords, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sułków, Opole Voivodeship
Sułków is a village in south-western Poland, in Opole Voivodeship, Głubczyce County, Gmina Baborów. The name of the village comes from the Old Polish male name Sulisław. The oldest known mention of the village dates back to 1340, when it was purchased by Euphemia of Racibórz, local Polish princess of the Piast dynasty. Between 1871 and 1945 it was part of Germany, however, in the late 19th century the local population was entirely Polish and predominantly Catholic.''Słownik geograficzny Królestwa Polskiego i innych krajów słowiańskich'', Vol. XI, Warsaw, 1890, p. 174 (in Polish) In 1936 the German administration changed the name to ''Zinnatal'' to erase traces of Polish origin. The original Polish name was restored after the village became again part of Poland after the defeat of Nazi Germany in World War II in 1945. Notable people * Feliks Steuer Feliks Steuer (November 5, 1889 – May 30, 1950) was a Silesian educationist. Education and career Born in Zü ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Dialect
A dialect is a Variety (linguistics), variety of language spoken by a particular group of people. This may include dominant and standard language, standardized varieties as well as Vernacular language, vernacular, unwritten, or non-standardized varieties, such as those used in developing countries or isolated areas. The non-standard dialects of a language with a writing system will operate at different degrees of distance from the standardized written form. Standard and nonstandard dialects A ''standard dialect'', also known as a "standardized language", is supported by institutions. Such institutional support may include any or all of the following: government recognition or designation; formal presentation in schooling as the "correct" form of a language; informal monitoring of everyday Usage (language), usage; published grammars, dictionaries, and textbooks that set forth a normative spoken and written form; and an extensive formal literature (be it prose, poetry, non-ficti ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Phonology
Phonology (formerly also phonemics or phonematics: "phonemics ''n.'' [''obsolescent''] 1. Any procedure for identifying the phonemes of a language from a corpus of data. 2. (formerly also phonematics) A former synonym for phonology, often preferred by the American Structuralists and reflecting the importance in structuralist work of phonemics in sense 1.": "phonematics ''n.'' 1. [''obsolete''] An old synonym for phonemics (sense 2).") is the branch of linguistics that studies how languages systematically organize their phonemes or, for sign languages, their constituent parts of signs. The term can also refer specifically to the sound or sign system of a particular language variety. At one time, the study of phonology related only to the study of the systems of phonemes in spoken languages, but now it may relate to any Linguistic description, linguistic analysis either: Sign languages have a phonological system equivalent to the system of sounds in spoken languages. The buil ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Plough
A plough or ( US) plow (both pronounced ) is a farm tool for loosening or turning the soil before sowing seed or planting. Ploughs were traditionally drawn by oxen and horses but modern ploughs are drawn by tractors. A plough may have a wooden, iron or steel frame with a blade attached to cut and loosen the soil. It has been fundamental to farming for most of history. The earliest ploughs had no wheels; such a plough was known to the Romans as an ''aratrum''. Celtic peoples first came to use wheeled ploughs in the Roman era. The prime purpose of ploughing is to turn over the uppermost soil, bringing fresh nutrients to the surface while burying weeds and crop remains to decay. Trenches cut by the plough are called furrows. In modern use, a ploughed field is normally left to dry and then harrowed before planting. Ploughing and cultivating soil evens the content of the upper layer of soil, where most plant feeder roots grow. Ploughs were initially powered by humans, but th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Onion
An onion (''Allium cepa'' , from Latin ), also known as the bulb onion or common onion, is a vegetable that is the most widely cultivated species of the genus '' Allium''. The shallot is a botanical variety of the onion which was classified as a separate species until 2011. The onion's close relatives include garlic, scallion, leek, and chives. The genus contains several other species variously called onions and cultivated for food, such as the Japanese bunching onion '' Allium fistulosum'', the tree onion ''Allium'' × ''proliferum'', and the Canada onion '' Allium canadense''. The name '' wild onion'' is applied to a number of ''Allium'' species, but ''A. cepa'' is exclusively known from cultivation. Its ancestral wild original form is not known, although escapes from cultivation have become established in some regions. The onion is most frequently a biennial or a perennial plant, but is usually treated as an annual and harvested in its first growing season. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Accusative
In grammar, the accusative case (abbreviated ) of a noun is the grammatical case used to receive the direct object of a transitive verb. In the English language, the only words that occur in the accusative case are pronouns: "me", "him", "her", "us", "whom", and "them". For example, the pronoun ''she'', as the subject of a clause, is in the nominative case ("She wrote a book"); but if the pronoun is instead the object of the verb, it is in the accusative case and ''she'' becomes ''her'' ("Fred greeted her"). For compound direct objects, it would be, e.g., "Fred invited her and me to the party". The accusative case is used in many languages for the objects of (some or all) prepositions. It is usually combined with the nominative case (for example in Latin). The English term, "accusative", derives from the Latin , which, in turn, is a translation of the Greek . The word can also mean "causative", and that might have derived from the Greeks, but the sense of the Roman translation ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
