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Suaedoideae
The Suaedoideae are a subfamily of plants in the family Amaranthaceae (now including the former family Chenopodiaceae). Description The Suaedoideae have well-developed leaves. Except for genus '' Bienertia'', the leaves show a central and many lateral vascular bundles. The leaves are neither decurrent nor amplexicaul. The inflorescences are axillary cymes. The flowers are sitting free in the axils of bracts, with lateral bracteoles. The perianth consists of 5 tepals, which are more or less fused basally. 5 stamens are present. The seed encloses a spiral embryo, mostly without any perisperm. Distribution The Suaedoideae have a nearly worldwide distribution. They are important members of the vegetation of shores and salty inland habitats. They are especially common in dry (arid) regions. Photosynthesis pathway Among the species of Suaedoideae, there are nearly equal numbers of C3-plants and C4-plants. During the evolution of the subfamily, the C4-photosynthesis pathway se ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Amaranthaceae
Amaranthaceae is a family of flowering plants commonly known as the amaranth family, in reference to its type genus ''Amaranthus''. It includes the former goosefoot family Chenopodiaceae and contains about 165 genera and 2,040 species, making it the most species-rich lineage within its parent order, Caryophyllales. Description Vegetative characters Most species in the Amaranthaceae are annual or perennial herbs or subshrubs; others are shrubs; very few species are vines or trees. Some species are succulent. Many species have stems with thickened nodes. The wood of the perennial stem has a typical "anomalous" secondary growth; only in subfamily Polycnemoideae is secondary growth normal. The leaves are simple and mostly alternate, sometimes opposite. They never possess stipules. They are flat or terete, and their shape is extremely variable, with entire or toothed margins. In some species, the leaves are reduced to minute scales. In most cases, neither basal nor terminal aggrega ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Suaeda
__NOTOC__ ''Suaeda'' is a genus of plants also known as seepweeds and sea-blites. Most species are confined to saline or alkaline soil habitats, such as coastal salt-flats and tidal wetlands. Many species have thick, succulent leaves, a characteristic seen in various plant genera that thrive in salty habitats (halophile plants). There are about 110 species in the genus ''Suaeda''. The most common species in northwestern Europe is ''S. maritima''. It grows along the coasts, especially in saltmarsh areas, and is known in Britain as "common sea-blite", but as "herbaceous seepweed" in the USA. It is also common along the east coast of North America from Virginia northward. One of its varieties is common in tropical Asia on the land-side edge of mangrove tidal swamps. Another variety of this polymorphic species is common in tidal zones all around Australia (''Suaeda maritima var. australis'' is also classed as ''S. australis''). On the coasts of the Mediterranean Sea a common ''Sua ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bienertia
''Bienertia'' is a flowering plant genus that currently is classified in the family Amaranthaceae s.l. (including the family Chenopodiaceae). For long time, the genus was considered to consist only of one species, ''Bienertia cycloptera'', but in 2005 and 2012, two new species have been separated. Species of this genus have acquired an unusual, single-cell type of carbon fixation without Kranz anatomy, also found in some species of the closely related genus ''Suaeda''. Species * '' Bienertia cycloptera'' * '' Bienertia kavirense'' * ''Bienertia sinuspersici ''Bienertia sinuspersici'' is a flowering plant that currently is classified in the family ''Amaranthaceae'', although it was previously considered to belong to the family Chenopodiaceae. ''Bienertia sinuspersici'' conducts C4 photosynthesis, b ...'' References {{Taxonbar, from=Q8247751 Succulent plants Amaranthaceae Amaranthaceae genera Taxa named by Pierre Edmond Boissier Taxa named by Alexander von Bung ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bienertia Kavirense
''Bienertia'' is a flowering plant genus that currently is classified in the family Amaranthaceae s.l. (including the family Chenopodiaceae). For long time, the genus was considered to consist only of one species, ''Bienertia cycloptera'', but in 2005 and 2012, two new species have been separated. Species of this genus have acquired an unusual, single-cell type of carbon fixation without Kranz anatomy, also found in some species of the closely related genus ''Suaeda''. Species * ''Bienertia cycloptera'' * '' Bienertia kavirense'' * ''Bienertia sinuspersici ''Bienertia sinuspersici'' is a flowering plant that currently is classified in the family ''Amaranthaceae'', although it was previously considered to belong to the family Chenopodiaceae. ''Bienertia sinuspersici'' conducts C4 photosynthesis, b ...'' References {{Taxonbar, from=Q8247751 Succulent plants Amaranthaceae Amaranthaceae genera Taxa named by Pierre Edmond Boissier Taxa named by Alexander von Bunge ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Suaeda Nigra
''Suaeda nigra'', often still known by the former name ''Suaeda moquinii'', is a species of flowering plant in the amaranth family, known by the vernacular names bush seepweed or Mojave sea-blite. Taxonomy ''Suaeda nigra'' was first formally described as a new species by Constantine Samuel Rafinesque in 1832. Its holotype was collected by Edwin James along the Canadian River in the Texas panhandle in 1820. In 1827 John Torrey tentatively misidentified this specimen as "''Chenopodium maritimum'' L. ?", but only in 1856 did Torrey finally describe the taxon as ''Chenopodina moquini''. In 1889 Edward Lee Greene moved it to the genus ''Suaeda'' (he continued to misspell it as ''moquini''). Aven Nelson corrected the name to ''moquinii'' in 1909, and the species was often known under the name ''Suaeda moquinii'' until the 21st century. Rafinesque had named the Texas specimen ''Chenopodium nigrum'' on the basis of Torrey's 1827 summary description of the specimen. In 1918 James Franci ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Oskar Eberhard Ulbrich
Oskar Eberhard Ulbrich (17 September 1879 – 4 November 1952) was a German botanist and mycologist. Ulbrich was born in Berlin. He studied natural sciences at the University of Berlin, where his instructors included Adolf Engler (1844–1930) and Simon Schwendener (1829–1919). In 1926 he became a curator and professor at the Botanical Garden in Berlin, Botanical Museum in Berlin, where in 1938 he was appointed director of the ''Hauptpilzstelle''. Known for his intrafamilial investigations of the botanical families Amaranthaceae, Chenopodiaceae and Caryophyllaceae, in 1934 he subdivided Chenopodiaceae into eight subfamilies; Salicornioideae, Polycnemoideae, Chenopodioideae, Salsoloideae, et al. In 1911 he introduced usage of a color scheme to indicate geographical regions on herbarium specimens and fascicles. The plant genus ''Ulbrichia'' from the family Malvaceae was named after him by Ignatz Urban (1848–1931). Selected publications * ''Die höheren Pilze: Basidiomycetes'' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
C3 Carbon Fixation
carbon fixation is the most common of three metabolic pathways for carbon fixation in photosynthesis, along with and CAM. This process converts carbon dioxide and ribulose bisphosphate (RuBP, a 5-carbon sugar) into two molecules of 3-phosphoglycerate through the following reaction: :CO2 + H2O + RuBP → (2) 3-phosphoglycerate This reaction was first discovered by Melvin Calvin, Andrew Benson and James Bassham in 1950. C3 carbon fixation occurs in all plants as the first step of the Calvin–Benson cycle. (In and CAM plants, carbon dioxide is drawn out of malate and into this reaction rather than directly from the air.) Plants that survive solely on fixation ( plants) tend to thrive in areas where sunlight intensity is moderate, temperatures are moderate, carbon dioxide concentrations are around 200 ppm or higher, and groundwater is plentiful. The plants, originating during Mesozoic and Paleozoic eras, predate the plants and still represent approximately 95% of Eart ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
C4 Carbon Fixation
carbon fixation or the Hatch–Slack pathway is one of three known photosynthetic processes of carbon fixation in plants. It owes the names to the 1960's discovery by Marshall Davidson Hatch and Charles Roger Slack that some plants, when supplied with 14, incorporate the 14C label into four-carbon molecules first. fixation is an addition to the ancestral and more common carbon fixation. The main carboxylating enzyme in photosynthesis is called RuBisCO, which catalyses two distinct reactions using either (carboxylation) or oxygen (oxygenation) as a substrate. The latter process, oxygenation, gives rise to the wasteful process of photorespiration. photosynthesis reduces photorespiration by concentrating around RuBisCO. To ensure that RuBisCO works in an environment where there is a lot of carbon dioxide and very little oxygen, leaves generally differentiate two partially isolated compartments called mesophyll cells and bundle-sheath cells. is initially fixed in the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Suaeda Maritima
''Suaeda maritima'' is a species of flowering plant in the family Amaranthaceae known by the common names herbaceous seepweed and annual seablite. Description It is a yellow-green shrub with fleshy, succulent leaves and green flowers. It grows to about 35 cm in salt marsh A salt marsh or saltmarsh, also known as a coastal salt marsh or a tidal marsh, is a coastal ecosystem in the upper coastal intertidal zone between land and open saltwater or brackish water that is regularly flooded by the tides. It is domin ...es. Retrieved 5 September 2012. It is edible as a leaf vegetable, and due to its high salt content it can be used in combination with other foods as a seasoning. It is found worldwide, but in North America it is primarily located on the northern east coast. Habitat This plant resides in aquatic, terrestrial, and wetland habitats. But mainly in salt marshes and sea shores, usually below the high water mark. Additionally, ''Suaeda maritima'' is able to catch ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bienertia Cycloptera
''Bienertia cycloptera'' is a species of flowering plant that is native to the Middle East, south-eastern Europe, and central Asia. It is a succulent, smooth annual plant with long, curved, cylindrical leaves. Its flowers have both male and female reproducing parts and its fruits are small and spherical. ''Bienertia cycloptera'' grows in hot, dry climates with little rainfall and tolerates soils with high salinity levels very well. Due to its specific growing conditions, ''B. cycloptera'' is not a very common, nor widespread plant. Even over most of its range, it often grows sparsely in small patches of growth. One notable aspect of ''Bienertia cycloptera'' is its unique C4 photosynthesis mechanism. Unlike most C4 plants, in ''B. cycloptera'' the photosynthetic mechanism occurs within a single chlorenchyma cell, without Kranz anatomy. Distribution ''Bienertia cycloptera'' is located throughout the Middle East, south-eastern Europe, and central Asia. The plant can be found in Arme ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bienertia Sinuspersici
''Bienertia sinuspersici'' is a flowering plant that currently is classified in the family ''Amaranthaceae'', although it was previously considered to belong to the family Chenopodiaceae. ''Bienertia sinuspersici'' conducts C4 photosynthesis, but lacks the two cell types, bundle sheath and mesophyll cells, that are typical of Kranz anatomy in most C4 plants. ''Bienertia sinuspersici'' and three other former chenopods ('' Suaeda aralocaspica'', ''Bienertia cycloptera'', and ''Bienertia kavirense'') instead conduct single-celled C4 photosynthesis within individual chlorenchyma cells. Single-celled C4 photosynthesis is achieved in ''Bienertia sinuspersici'' by the subcellular partitioning of dimorphic chloroplasts into two distinct cellular compartments, the central chloroplast compartment (CCC) and the peripheral chloroplast compartment (PCC). ''Bienertia sinuspersici'' is native to countries surrounding the Persian Gulf: Iran, Iraq, the United Arab Emirates, Saudi Arabia, Qatar, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
