Sponge Isolates

	Sponge Isolates ''Halichondria'' produces the halichondrin_B.html" ;"title="eribulin (Halaven) precursor halichondrin B">eribulin (Halaven) precursor halichondrin B Lacking an immune system, protective shell, or mobility, sponges have developed an ability to synthesize a variety of unusual compounds for survival. C-nucleosides isolated from Caribbean ''Cryptotethya crypta'', were the basis for the synthesis of zidovudine (AZT), aciclovir (Cyclovir), cytarabine (Depocyt), and cytarabine derivative gemcitabine (Gemzar). Semisynthetic analogs of the sponge isolate jasplakinolide, were submitted to National Cancer Institute’s Biological Evaluation Committee in 2011. Other marine isolates Trabectedin, aplidine, didemnin, were isolated from sea squirts. Monomethyl auristatin E is a derivative of a dolastatin 10, a compound made by ''Dolabella auricularia''. Bryostatins were first isolated from '' Bryozoa''. Salinosporamides are derived from ''Salinispora tropica''. Ziconotide is derived f ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]
	Halichondria And Eribulin ''Halichondria'' is a genus of sea sponges belonging to the family Halichondriidae. These are massive, amorphous sponges with clearly separated inner and outer skeletons consisting of bundles of spicules arranged in a seemingly random pattern. This genus of sponges became important through the discovery of cell division limiting properties of the extract Halichondrin B, which inhibits cell mitosis. The drug Eribulin, a related compound and an inhibitor of microtubule function, has become an important chemotherapy treatment for certain types of cancer. Species The following species are recognised in the genus ''Halichondria'': * Subgenus ''Eumastia'' Schmidt, 1870 '' Halichondria attenuata'' (Topsent, 1915) '' Halichondria maraensis'' Kim & Sim, 2009 '' Halichondria schmidti'' Dendy, 1895 ''Halichondria sitiens'' (Schmidt, 1870) * Subgenus ''Halichondria'' Fleming, 1828 ''Halichondria adelpha'' de Laubenfels, 1954 '' Halichondria agglomerans'' Cabioch, 1968 '' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR:** [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]
	Aciculitin Aciculitins A-C, 400x400px Aciculitins are antifungal cyclic peptides isolated from a marine sponge. There are 3 Aciculitins that are isolated from the Lithistid sponge '' Aciculites orientalis'' that differ by their homologous lipid residues. Aciculitin D is a similar cyclic peptide to Aciculitin A-C. It was isolated from Poecillastra sp. marine sponge that is collected from the deep sea. Based on its molecular formula, Aciculitin D is the most similar to Aciculitin B structure wise since they only differ in one amino acid substitution. The structure of Aciculitin B contains one extra glutamine while the structure of Aciculitin D has one extra L-Threonine. Although the two cyclic peptides contain slightly different amino acids, they still have the same overall charge because both glutamine and L-Threonine are considered neutral amino acids. Cytotoxicity Aciculitin A-C exhibits cytotoxicity Cytotoxicity is the quality of being toxic to cells. Examples of toxic agents are ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]
picture info	Onnamide A Onnamide A is a bioactive natural product found in ''Theonella swinhoei'', a species of marine sponge whose genus is well known for yielding a diverse set of biologically active natural products, including the swinholides and polytheonamides. It bears structural similarities to the pederins, a family of compounds known to inhibit protein synthesis in eukaryotic cells. Onnamide A and its analogues have attracted academic interest due to their cytotoxicity and potential for combating the growth and proliferation of cancer cells. History Onnamide A was first isolated in 1988 from ''Theonella spp.,'' a genus of marine sponges residing off the coast of Okinawa, Japan, as part of a bioassay aimed at discovering novel marine natural products possessing antiviral activity. Eight analogues possessing similar structure, as well as cytotoxicity were reported in 1992. Structure Onnamide A is a complex biomolecule with a 39 unique carbon atoms and 11 degrees of unsaturation. Its core contains ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]
	Mirabamide Mirabamide A-D Mirabamides are sea sponge Sponges, the members of the phylum Porifera (; meaning 'pore bearer'), are a basal animal clade as a sister of the diploblasts. They are multicellular organisms that have bodies full of pores and channels allowing water to circulate throug ... isolates that inhibit HIV-1 fusion. References Depsipeptides {{organic-compound-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]
picture info	β-carboline β-Carboline (9''H''- pyrido ,4-''b'' ndole) represents the basic chemical structure for more than one hundred alkaloids and synthetic compounds. The effects of these substances depend on their respective substituent. Natural β-carbolines primarily influence brain functions but can also exhibit antioxidant effects. Synthetically designed β-carboline derivatives have recently been shown to have neuroprotective, cognitive enhancing and anti-cancer properties. Pharmacology The pharmacological effects of specific β-carbolines are dependent on their substituents. For example, the natural β-carboline harmine has substituents on position 7 and 1. Thereby, it acts as a selective inhibitor of the DYRK1A protein kinase, a molecule necessary for neurodevelopment. It also exhibits various antidepressant-like effects in rats by interacting with serotonin receptor 2A. Furthermore, it increases levels of the brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in rat hippocampus. A decreased BDNF le ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]
	Hymenistatin Hymenistatin is a cyclic peptide isolated from the sea sponge ''Phakellia fusca ''Phakellia'' is a genus of sponges belonging to the family Bubaridae. The genus has a cosmopolitan distribution In biogeography, cosmopolitan distribution is the term for the range of a taxon that extends across all or most of the world in ...''. It is a cyclic octapeptide whose sequence is cyclo le-Ile-Pro-Pro-Tyr-Val-Pro-Leu References Cyclic peptides {{organic-compound-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]
	Halicylindramide 700 px, Halicylindramides A, B, D, and E. Halicylindramides are antifungal peptides isolated from '' Halichondria''. Notes''Halicylindramides D and E, antifungal peptides from the marine sponge Halichondria cylindrata'' Antifungals Cyclic peptides {{chem-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]
	Eribulin Eribulin, sold under the brand name Halaven, is an anticancer medication used to treat breast cancer and liposarcoma. The most common side effects include fatigue, nausea, hair loss (alopecia), constipation, certain nerve damage causing weakness or numbness in the hands and feet (peripheral neuropathy), abdominal pain and fever (pyrexia). Eribulin may also cause low levels of infection-fighting white blood cells (neutropenia) or decreased levels of potassium or calcium. Approvals and indications Eribulin was approved for medical use in the European Union in March 2011, and it is indicated for the treatment of: * people with locally advanced or metastatic breast cancer who have progressed after at least one chemotherapeutic regimens for advanced disease. Prior therapy should have included an anthracycline and a taxane unless the people were not suitable for these treatments. Text was copied from this source which is © European Medicines Agency. Reproduction is authorized provided ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]
picture info	Miura Peninsula is a peninsula located in Kanagawa, Japan. It lies south of Yokohama and Tokyo and divides Tokyo Bay, to the east, from Sagami Bay, to the west. Cities and towns on the Miura Peninsula include Yokosuka, Miura, Hayama, Zushi, and Kamakura. The northern limit of the peninsula runs from Koshigoe, Kamakura in the west, across to Mt. Enkai, in the southern wards of Yokohama in the east, overlooking Tokyo Bay. Overview The peninsula is a bedroom community for those who work in Tokyo and a popular tourist destination for people from Tokyo. It is also an important area for Japan's self-defense, with the eastern side hosting the National Defense Academy of Japan and the Yokosuka Naval Base, serving both the Japanese Maritime Self Defence Force and the United States Seventh Fleet. A significant portion of Tokyo's electricity is generated at Tokyo Electric's power station at Kurihama, and important R&D activity on next-generation mobile phones is done at Yokosuka Research Park. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]
	Halichondria ''Halichondria'' is a genus of sea sponges belonging to the family Halichondriidae. These are massive, amorphous sponges with clearly separated inner and outer skeletons consisting of bundles of spicules arranged in a seemingly random pattern. This genus of sponges became important through the discovery of cell division limiting properties of the extract Halichondrin B, which inhibits cell mitosis. The drug Eribulin, a related compound and an inhibitor of microtubule function, has become an important chemotherapy treatment for certain types of cancer. Species The following species are recognised in the genus ''Halichondria'': * Subgenus ''Eumastia'' Schmidt, 1870 '' Halichondria attenuata'' (Topsent, 1915) '' Halichondria maraensis'' Kim & Sim, 2009 '' Halichondria schmidti'' Dendy, 1895 ''Halichondria sitiens'' (Schmidt, 1870) * Subgenus ''Halichondria'' Fleming, 1828 '' Halichondria adelpha'' de Laubenfels, 1954 '' Halichondria agglomerans'' Cabioch, 1968 ' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR:** [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]