''Halichondria'' produces the eribulin (Halaven) precursor halichondrin B ">halichondrin_B.html" ;"title="eribulin (Halaven) precursor halichondrin B">eribulin (Halaven) precursor halichondrin B Lacking an immune system, protective shell, or mobility, sponges have developed an ability to synthesize a variety of unusual compounds for survival. C-nucleosides isolated from Caribbean ''Cryptotethya crypta'', were the basis for the synthesis of zidovudine (AZT), aciclovir (Cyclovir), cytarabine (Depocyt), and cytarabine derivative gemcitabine (Gemzar). Semisynthetic analogs of the sponge isolate jasplakinolide, were submitted to National Cancer Institute’s Biological Evaluation Committee in 2011.

Other marine isolates

Trabectedin Trabectedin, sold under the brand name Yondelis, is an antitumor chemotherapy medication for the treatment of advanced soft-tissue sarcoma and ovarian cancer. The most common adverse reactions include nausea, fatigue, vomiting, constipation, decr ...

aplidine Plitidepsin (also known as dehydrodidemnin B, marketed by PharmaMar, S.A. under the trade name Aplidin) is a chemical compound extracted from the ascidian ''Aplidium albicans''. It is currently undergoing clinical trial testing. It is a member of ...

didemnin Didemnins are cyclic depsipeptide compounds isolated from a tunicate (ascidian, or sea-squirt) of the genus '' Trididemnum'' (family of Didemnidæ) that were collected in the Caribbean Sea. They were first isolated in 1978 at the University of ...

, were isolated from

sea squirts Ascidiacea, commonly known as the ascidians, tunicates (in part), and sea squirts (in part), is a polyphyletic class (biology), class in the subphylum Tunicate, Tunicata of sac-like marine (ocean), marine invertebrate filter feeders. Ascidians ar ...

. Monomethyl auristatin E is a derivative of a dolastatin 10, a compound made by ''

Dolabella auricularia ''Dolabella auricularia'', also known as the wedge sea hare, is a species of large sea slug, a marine opisthobranch gastropod mollusk in the family Aplysiidae Aplysiidae is the only family in the superfamily Aplysioidea, within the clade Ana ...

''.

Bryostatin Bryostatins are a group of macrolide lactones from the marine organism ''Bugula neritina'' that were first collected and provided to JL Hartwell’s anticancer drug discovery group at the National Cancer Institute (NCI) by Jack Rudloe. Bryostati ...

s were first isolated from '' Bryozoa''.

Salinosporamide The salinosporamides are a group of closely related chemical compounds isolated from marine bacteria in the genus ''Salinispora''. They possess a densely functionalized γ-lactam-β-lactone bicyclic core. Salinosporamide A has attracted interest ...

s are derived from ''

Salinispora tropica ''Salinispora tropica'' is an obligate marine actinomycete bacterium species. It produces salinosporamide A and salinosporamide B, potential anti-cancer agents, as well as the polycyclic macrolides The Macrolides are a class of natural pr ...

''. Ziconotide is derived from the sea snail '' Conus magus''.

References

{{reflist, 2 Pharmaceutical isolates Marine biology

Other marine isolates

See also

References