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Spitting Spider
Spitting spiders are a family of araneomorph spiders, the family Scytodidae, first described by John Blackwall in 1864. It contains over 250 species in five genera, of which '' Scytodes'' is the best-known. Description Scytodidae spiders are haplogyne, meaning they lack hardened female genitalia. They have six eyes, like most spiders in this group, arranged in three pairs. They possess long legs and a dome-shaped cephalothorax, and are usually yellow or light brown with black spots or marks. Their domed head and three eye groups tend to resemble a human skull, giving them the occasional common name "skull spiders". Hunting technique Scytodidae catch their prey by spitting a fluid that congeals on contact into a venomous and sticky mass. The fluid contains both venom and spider silk in liquid form, though it is produced in venom glands in the chelicerae. The venom-laced silk both immobilizes and envenoms prey such as silverfish. In high-speed footage the spiders can be observed ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Scytodes Thoracica
''Scytodes thoracica'' is a spitting spider, so called because it spits a venomous sticky silken substance over its prey. Its size ranges between . The carapace is unusual in sloping upwards towards its rear end, whereas the abdomen slopes downwards. It has six eyes instead of the eight spiders usually have. It has a wide distribution, being found in Europe, North Africa, Turkey, temperate Asia to China, Korea and Japan. It has been introduced to North America, Argentina, India, Australia and New Zealand. This particular spitting spider features the presence of silk glands in its cephalothorax. Besides the silk glands in its abdomen, the spider also has silk glands connected with its venom glands. In this way the spider has the ability to make venomous silk. Other Arachnida, arachnids may also have silk glands in their cephalothorax, such as the pseudoscorpions. Hunting tactics In contrast to the pseudoscorpions that use the silk from the cephalothorax glands to make nests, t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Venom (poison)
Venom or zootoxin is a type of toxin produced by an animal that is actively delivered through a wound by means of a bite, sting, or similar action. The toxin is delivered through a specially evolved ''venom apparatus'', such as fangs or a stinger, in a process called '' envenomation''. Venom is often distinguished from ''poison'', which is a toxin that is passively delivered by being ingested, inhaled, or absorbed through the skin, and '' toxungen'', which is actively transferred to the external surface of another animal via a physical delivery mechanism. Venom has evolved in terrestrial and marine environments and in a wide variety of animals: both predators and prey, and both vertebrates and invertebrates. Venoms kill through the action of at least four major classes of toxin, namely necrotoxins and cytotoxins, which kill cells; neurotoxins, which affect nervous systems; myotoxins, which damage muscles; and haemotoxins, which disrupt blood clotting. Venomous animals ca ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Stedocys
''Stedocys'' is a genus of Asian spitting spiders that was first described by H. Ono in 1995. Species it contains thirteen species, found in Asia: * '' S. amamiensis'' Suguro, 2019 — Japan * '' S. gaolingensis'' Wu & Li, 2017 — China * '' S. huangniuensis'' Wu & Li, 2017 — China * '' S. leopoldi'' Giltay, 1935 — Malaysia, Thailand * '' S. ludiyanensis'' Wu & Li, 2017 — China * '' S. matuoensis'' Wu & Li, 2017 — China * '' S. pagodas'' Labarque, Grismado, Ramírez, Yan & Griswold, 2009 — China * '' S. pulianensis'' Wu & Li, 2017 — China * '' S. shilinensis'' Wu & Li, 2017 — China (Hainan) * '' S. uenorum'' Ono, 1995 (type Type may refer to: Science and technology Computing * Typing, producing text via a keyboard, typewriter, etc. * Data type, collection of values used for computations. * File type * TYPE (DOS command), a command to display contents of a file. * ...) — Thailand * '' S. vittiformis'' Chen, Liang, Yin, Xu & Wei, 2021 — China * '' S. xiangz ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Scyloxes
''Scyloxes'' is a genus of Tajikistani spitting spiders containing three species. It was first described by P. M. Dunin in 1992 and remained a monotypic genus until 2022, when Zamani et al. moved two species into the genus, ''S. magna'' and ''S. zhaoi'', from Scytodes and Stedocys, respectively. It is found in Tajikistan, Malaysia and Thailand Thailand, officially the Kingdom of Thailand and historically known as Siam (the official name until 1939), is a country in Southeast Asia on the Mainland Southeast Asia, Indochinese Peninsula. With a population of almost 66 million, it spa .... See also * List of Scytodidae species References Araneomorphae genera Scytodidae Spiders of Asia {{Araneomorphae-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Dictis
''Dictis'' is a genus of spitting spiders that was first described by Ludwig Carl Christian Koch in 1872. Species it contains seven species, found in Asia, Oceania, North America and Seychelles: *'' Dictis edwardsi'' Barrion, Barrion-Dupo & Heong, 2013 – China *'' Dictis elongata'' Dankittipakul & Singtripop, 2010 – Thailand, Laos *'' Dictis oranhutan'' Fomichev & Omelko, 2023 – Indonesia *'' Dictis soeur'' (Saaristo, 1997) – Seychelles *'' Dictis striatipes'' L. Koch, 1872 (type Type may refer to: Science and technology Computing * Typing, producing text via a keyboard, typewriter, etc. * Data type, collection of values used for computations. * File type * TYPE (DOS command), a command to display contents of a file. * ...) – Yemen, United Arab Emirates, Iran, tropical Asia, Korea, Japan, China to Australia, Pacific Isles. Introduced to USA, Mexico *'' Dictis thailandica'' Dankittipakul & Singtripop, 2010 – Thailand *'' Dictis uncata'' Wu, M. Y. Zhang, M. M. Zha ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
World Spider Catalog
The World Spider Catalog (WSC) is an online searchable database concerned with spider taxonomy. It aims to list all accepted families, genera and species, as well as provide access to the related taxonomic literature. The WSC began as a series of web pages in 2000, created by Norman I. Platnick of the American Museum of Natural History. After his retirement in 2014, the Natural History Museum of Bern took over, converting the catalog to a relational database A relational database (RDB) is a database based on the relational model of data, as proposed by E. F. Codd in 1970. A Relational Database Management System (RDBMS) is a type of database management system that stores data in a structured for .... As of November 22, 2024, 52'487 species are listed, after an average discovery rate of three new species per day. The order Araneae has the seventh-most species of all orders. The WSC's existence makes spiders the largest taxon with an online listing that is updated regular ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sociality
Sociality is the degree to which individuals in an animal population tend to associate in social groups (gregariousness) and form cooperative societies. Sociality is a survival response to evolutionary pressures. For example, when a mother wasp stays near her larvae in the nest, parasites are less likely to eat the larvae. Biologists suspect that pressures from parasites and other predators selected this behavior in wasps of the family Vespidae. This wasp behaviour evidences the most fundamental characteristic of animal sociality: parental investment. Parental investment is any expenditure of resources (time, energy, social capital) to benefit one's offspring. Parental investment detracts from a parent's capacity to invest in future reproduction and aid to kin (including other offspring). An animal that cares for its young but shows no other sociality traits is said to be ''subsocial''. An animal that exhibits a high degree of sociality is called a ''social animal'' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Silverfish
The silverfish (''Lepisma saccharinum'') is a species of small, primitive, wingless insect in the order Zygentoma (formerly Thysanura). Its common name derives from the insect's silvery light grey colour, combined with the fish-like appearance of its movements. The scientific name (''L. saccharinum'') indicates that the silverfish's diet consists of carbohydrates such as sugar or starches. While the common name ''silverfish'' is used throughout the global literature to refer to various species of Zygentoma, the Entomological Society of America restricts use of the term solely for ''Lepisma saccharinum''. Description The silverfish is a nocturnal insect typically long. Its abdomen tapers at the end, giving it a fish-like appearance. The newly hatched are whitish, but develop a greyish hue and metallic sheen as they get older. It has two long cerci and one terminal filament at the tip of the abdomen between the cerci. It also has two small compound eyes, although other members ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Chelicerae
The chelicerae () are the arthropod mouthparts, mouthparts of the subphylum Chelicerata, an arthropod group that includes arachnids, horseshoe crabs, and sea spiders. Commonly referred to as "jaws", chelicerae may be shaped as either articulated fangs, or as a type of pincer_(biology), pincers. Some chelicerae, such as those found on nearly all spiders, are hollow and contain (or are connected to) venom glands, used to inject venom into prey or a perceived threat. Both pseudoscorpions and Opiliones , harvestmen have additional structures on their chelicerae that are used for grooming (papillae in pseudoscorpions, cheliceral teeth in Opiliones). In ''Paratrechalea'', males and females have shown to have a chelicerae dimorphism, because the chelicerae is used as a mating signal for females. Types Chelicerae can be divided into three kinds: jackknife chelicerae, scissor chelicerae, and three-segmented wikt:chelate, chelate chelicerae. Jackknife chelicerae The jackknife chelicer ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Spider Silk
Spider silk is a protein fibre or silk spun by spiders. Spiders use silk to make webs or other structures that function as adhesive traps to catch prey, to entangle and restrain prey before biting, to transmit tactile information, or as nests or cocoons to protect their offspring. They can use the silk to suspend themselves from height, to float through the air, or to glide away from predators. Most spiders vary the thickness and adhesiveness of their silk according to its use. In some cases, spiders may use silk as a food source. While methods have been developed to collect silk from a spider by force, gathering silk from many spiders is more difficult than from silk-spinning organisms such as silkworms. All spiders produce silk, although some spiders do not make webs. Silk is tied to courtship and mating. Silk produced by females provides a transmission channel for male vibratory courtship signals, while webs and draglines provide a substrate for female sex pheromone ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cephalothorax
The cephalothorax, also called prosoma in some groups, is a tagma of various arthropods, comprising the head and the thorax fused together, as distinct from the abdomen behind. (The terms ''prosoma'' and ''opisthosoma'' are equivalent to ''cephalothorax'' and ''abdomen'' in some groups. The terms ''prosoma'' and ''opisthosoma'' may be preferred by some researchers in cases such as arachnids, where there is neither fossil nor embryonic evidence animals in this class have ever had separate heads and thoraxes, and where the ''opisthosoma'' contains organs atypical of a true ''abdomen'', such as a heart and respiratory organs.) The word ''cephalothorax'' is derived from the Greek words for head (, ') and thorax (, '). This fusion of the head and thorax is seen in chelicerates and crustaceans; in other groups, such as the Hexapoda (including insect Insects (from Latin ') are Hexapoda, hexapod invertebrates of the class (biology), class Insecta. They are the largest group w ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Scytodes
''Scytodes'' is a genus of Scytodidae, spitting spiders that occur all around the world, with the most widely distributed species being ''Scytodes thoracica'', originally having a Palearctic realm, palearctic distribution but has since been introduced to North America, Argentina, India, Australia, Asia and New Zealand. Individuals of the genus are generally characterized by their predominant pale yellow coloration and black markings on their cephalothorax compounded with long, thin hairless legs with black bands. Taxonomy The first species of the genus was first described by Pierre André Latreille as ''Aranea thoraica'' in 1802 through "''Histoire naturelle, générale et particulière des crustacés et des insectes"'' until the genus was later reclassified by Jean Victor Audouin as ''Scytodes'' in 1826. Appearance The genus exhibits sexual dimorphism, males range in size from 3.5 to 4 mm while females are slightly larger ranging from 4 to 4.5 mm. Spitting spiders have pale ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
