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Smin Awa Naing
Smin Awa Naing Min Thiri ( my, သမိန် အဝနိုင် မင်းသီရိ, ; also spelled Thamein Inwa Naing (သမိန် အင်းဝနိုင်, lit. "Lord of Victory over Ava"); also known as Awa Mingyi (အဝ မင်းကြီး, lit. "Great Lord of Ava")) was an early 15th-century senior Hanthawaddy court official and military commander. A trusted adviser of King Razadarit, Awa Naing is best remembered in Burmese history for the 1415 battle of Dala–Twante in which his undermanned regiment mortally wounded Crown Prince Minye Kyawswa of Ava. He was the father of Queen Mi Ta-Lat, a principal consort of King Binnya Dhammaraza. Background The royal chronicles say nothing explicitly about his background. However, since King Minkhaung I of Ava addressed him as the "royal elder brother, royal in-law",(Maha Yazawin Vol. 2 2006: 53), (Yazawin Thit Vol. 2 2012: 263) and (Hmannan Vol. 2 2003: 48): King Minkhaung I addressed Awa Naing as ( ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Razadarit
Razadarit ( mnw, ရာဇာဓိရာတ်,The spelling "ရာဇာဓိရာတ်" per ''Slapat Rajawan'' (Schmidt 1906: 118) and the 1485 Shwedagon Pagoda inscription (Pan Hla 2005: 368, footnote 1). Nai Pan Hla's ''Razadarit Ayedawbon'' (Pan Hla 2005), which provides equivalent Mon spellings, uses ရာဇာဓိရာဇ် for both Mon and Burmese; see (Pan Hla 2005: 395) in the Index section for the name ရာဇာဓိရာဇ်. ရာဇာဓိရာတ် may be an archaic spelling. my, ရာဇာဓိရာဇ်, or ; also spelled Yazadarit; 1368–1421), was king of Hanthawaddy Pegu from 1384 to 1421. He successfully unified his Mon-speaking kingdom, and fended off major assaults by the Burmese-speaking Ava Kingdom (Inwa) in the Forty Years' War. The king also instituted an administrative system that left his successors with a far more integrated kingdom. He is one of the most famous kings in Burmese history. Razadarit came to power at ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Thanlyin
Thanlyin (; or ; mnw, သေၚ်, ; formerly Syriam) is a major port city of Myanmar, located across Bago River from the city of Yangon. Thanlyin Township comprises 17 quarters and 28 village tracts. It is home to the largest port in the country, Thilawa port. History Thanlyin first came to prominence in the 15th century as the main port city of the Hanthawaddy Kingdom, replacing a silted up Bago port. In 1539, the city became part of the Kingdom of Taungoo. In 1599, the city fell to the Rakhine forces led by the Portuguese mercenary Filipe de Brito e Nicote, who was made governor of the city. De Brito declared independence from his nominal Rakhine masters in 1603, defeated the invading Rakhine navy in 1604 and 1605, and successfully established Portuguese rule over Syriam or Sirião -as it was called back then- under the Portuguese viceroy of Goa. In 1613, Burmese king Anaukpetlun recaptured the city, and executed Brito by impalement, a punishment reserved for defilers o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hmannan Yazawin
''Hmannan Maha Yazawindawgyi'' ( my, မှန်နန်း မဟာ ရာဇဝင်တော်ကြီး, ; commonly, ''Hmannan Yazawin''; known in English as the '' Glass Palace Chronicle'') is the first official chronicle of Konbaung Dynasty of Burma (Myanmar). It was compiled by the Royal Historical Commission between 1829 and 1832.Hla Pe 1985: 39–40 The compilation was based on several existing chronicles and local histories, and the inscriptions collected on the orders of King Bodawpaya, as well as several types of poetry describing epics of kings. Although the compilers disputed some of the earlier accounts, they by and large retained the accounts given ''Maha Yazawin'', the standard chronicle of Toungoo Dynasty. The chronicle, which covers events right up to 1821, right before the First Anglo-Burmese War (1824–1826), was not written purely from a secular history perspective but rather to provide "legitimation according to religious criteria" of the monarchy. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Royal Historical Commission Of Burma
The Royal Historical Commission ( my, တော်ဝင် မြန်မာနိုင်ငံ သမိုင်း ကော်မရှင်, ) of the Konbaung Dynasty of Burma (Myanmar) produced the standard court chronicles of Konbaung era, ''Hmannan Yazawin'' (1832) and '' Dutiya Yazawin'' (1869). Commission (1829–1832) In May 1829, three years after the disastrous First Anglo-Burmese War (1824–1826), King Bagyidaw created the first Royal Historical Commission to write an official chronicle of Konbaung Dynasty. The standard official chronicle at the time was ''Maha Yazawin'' (The Great Chronicle), the standard chronicle of Toungoo Dynasty that covers from time immemorial to October 1711. It was the second attempt by Konbaung kings to update ''Maha Yazawin''. The first attempt, ''Yazawin Thit'' (The New Chronicle), commissioned by Bagyidaw's predecessor and grandfather Bodawpaya, had not been accepted because the new chronicle contained severe criticisms of earlier ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Yazawin Thit
''Maha Yazawin Thit'' ( my, မဟာ ရာဇဝင် သစ်, ; ; also known as ''Myanmar Yazawin Thit'' or ''Yazawin Thit'') is a national chronicle of Burma (Myanmar). Completed in 1798, the chronicle was the first attempt by the Konbaung court to update and check the accuracy of ''Maha Yazawin'', the standard chronicle of the previous Toungoo Dynasty. Its author Twinthin Taikwun Maha Sithu consulted several existing written sources, and over 600 stone inscriptions collected from around the kingdom between 1783 and 1793.Thaw Kaung 2010: 44–49 It is the first historical document in Southeast Asia compiled in consultation with epigraphic evidence.Woolf 2011: 416 The chronicle updates the events up to 1785, and contains several corrections and critiques of earlier chronicles. However, the chronicle was not well received, and ultimately rejected by the king and the court who found the critiques of earlier chronicles excessively harsh.Thaw Kaung 2010: 50–51 It became kn ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Maha Yazawin
The ''Maha Yazawin'', fully the ''Maha Yazawindawgyi'' ( my, မဟာ ရာဇဝင်တော်ကြီး, ) and formerly romanized as the ,. is the first national chronicle of Burma/Myanmar. Completed in 1724 by U Kala, a historian at the Toungoo court, it was the first chronicle to synthesize all the ancient, regional, foreign and biographic histories related to Burmese history. Prior to the chronicle, the only known Burmese histories were biographies and comparatively brief local chronicles. The chronicle has formed the basis for all subsequent histories of the country, including the earliest English language histories of Burma written in the late 19th century.Myint-U 2001: 80Lieberman 1986: 236 The chronicle starts with the beginning of the current world cycle according to Buddhist tradition and the Buddhist version of ancient Indian history, and proceeds "with ever increasing detail to narrate the political story of the Irrawaddy basin from quasi-legendary dynasti ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Smin Bayan
Smin Bayan ( mnw, သၟိၚ် ပရာံ; my, သမိန် ဗရမ်း or သမိန် ပရမ်း,The modern spelling သမိန် ဗရမ်း per (MSK 1973: 33–37) and (Ne Soe Htet 2011: 211–215). သမိန် ပရမ်း is the spelling used in the main chronicles; see (Maha Yazawin Vol. 2 2006: 35) (Yazawin Thit Vol. 1 2012: 249), (Hmannan Vol. 2 2003: 24). ; also spelled Smin Baram, Thamein Bayan, Thamein Payan) was an early 15th century commander who fought on both sides of the Forty Years' War between Hanthawaddy Pegu and Ava. He is best known in Burmese history for successfully driving back a Chinese invasion in 1414–1415 on behalf of his former enemy Ava. A son-in-law of King Razadarit of Pegu, Bayan defected to Ava soon after being captured in battle in 1414. For his success against the Chinese, he was made governor of Legaing by King Minkhaung I of Ava. In 1423, less than two years after the deaths of Minkhaung and Razadarit, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Zeik-Bye
Smin E Bya-Ye Zeik-Bye ( mnw, သ္ငီ အဲာပြရဲာ ဇိပ်ဗြဲာ; my, သမိန် အဲပြရဲ ဇိပ်ဗြဲ, ; also spelled Zeip Bye) was chief minister of Hanthawaddy in the 1380s in the service of kings Binnya U and Razadarit. He was a key figure responsible for Razadarit's ascent to power. Though he lost the chief ministership to Byat Za and Dein Mani-Yut in 1388, Zeik-Bye continued to serve as a senior minister at least until 1408. Background The ''Razadarit Ayedawbon'' chronicle includes two men who wore the title Smin Zeik-Bye in the service of King Binnya U (r. 1348–1384).Pan Hla 2005: 378 The subject of this article is the man who became chief minister in the second half of the king's reign,Pan Hla 2005: 82 not Gov. Smin Zeik-Bye of Dala–Twante, who died 1371.Pan Hla 2005: 60 The chronicle does not provide any direct information about the minister's background. It can be inferred from the language used in the chronicl ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Dein Mani-Yut
Dein Mani-Yut ( mnw, ဒိန်ၝိတ်ရတ်;Pan Hla 2005: 370 my, ဒိန်မဏိရွတ်, ; commonly known as Amat Dein (အမတ်ဒိန်, "Minister Dein") or as Amat Tein (အမတ်တိန်, "Minister Tein")) was co-chief minister of Hanthawaddy during the reign of King Razadarit (1384–1421). He was also a senior general, and held key governorship posts at Syriam (1370s–1408), Bassein (1408–1415) and Sittaung (1415–1420s). Along with his colleague Byat Za, Dein was instrumental in Razadarit's reunification campaigns of the Mon-speaking kingdom in the late 1380s, as well as the Forty Years' War against the Burmese-speaking Ava Kingdom. Early career According to the chronicle ''Razadarit Ayedawbon'', he was a senior minister of the court of King Binnya U at the king's death in 1384.Pan Hla 2005: 161Aung-Thwin 2017: 251 He was then known as Tein Nge (lit. "Tein the Young") or Amat Dein/Tein (lit. "Minister Dein/Tein").Various chronicle ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Byat Za
SminSmin is a transliteration of the Mon language title သ္ငီ. The title is also transliterated into English as Smim. Byat Za ( my, သမိန်ဗြာဇ္ဇ, ; also spelled in Burmese, သမိန်ဖြတ်စ,The name reported in the standard Burmese chronicles: See (Maha Yazawin Vol. 1 2006: 300) and (Hmannan Vol. 1 2003: 430). ; d. 1413) was co-chief minister of Hanthawaddy and the commander-in-chief of the Hanthawaddy armed forces from 1388 to 1413 during the reign of King Razadarit. He also held key governorship posts at Myaungmya (1390–1413) and Donwun (1388–1390). Along with his colleague Dein Mani-Yut and his key officer Lagun Ein, Byat Za was instrumental in Razadarit's reunification campaigns of the Mon-speaking kingdom in the late 1380s, as well as the Forty Years' War against the Burmese-speaking Ava Kingdom until his death. Early career The first mention of him in the chronicle ''Razadarit Ayedawbon'' is as one of the court officials ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lagun Ein
Maha Saw Lagun Ein ( my, မဟာစော လဂွန်းအိန်, ; also spelled Lagunein; d. March 1413) was a key frontline commander of the Hanthawaddy military from the 1380s to 1413. The commander led the military's vanguard land and naval forces as well as notable assassination missions against the enemies of his lord King Razadarit. He is best remembered in Burmese history for his battles against the northern Ava Kingdom in the Forty Years' War as well as his bravery and honesty. Lagun Ein was mortally wounded and captured by the Ava navy in the first battle after he was promoted to the rank of general. He had gained the deep respect of the Ava high command, which sent his body on a raft down the Irrawaddy with full military honors. Military career Coming to prominence Chronicles provide no information about his early life except that his personal name was Ma Than-Lon (မသံလုံ, ).(Pan Hla 2005: 258, footnote 1): His personal name is sometimes repo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Minye Kyawhtin Of Toungoo
Minye Kyawhtin ( my, မင်းရဲ ကျော်ထင်, ; also known as Min-nge Kyawhtin (မင်းငယ် ကျော်ထင်), ; 1408–1459) was a pretender to the Ava throne from 1426 to 1459. The eldest son of Crown Prince Minye Kyawswa, Minye Kyawhtin raised a long-running rebellion against King Mohnyin Thado (r. 1426–1439) and his successors, kings Minye Kyawswa I (r. 1439–1442) and Narapati I of Ava (r. 1442–1468). Despite his claim to the throne, the prince found support only in one former vassal state, Onbaung (Hsipaw/Thibaw). Except for a brief period in 1427–1428, his rebellion never posed a real threat to Ava. He did hold on to Pinle, a well-fortified outpost at the edge of the Ava (Inwa) capital region, until the mid-1440s. He was finally driven out in 1445, a year after Onbaung sided with Ava during the Chinese invasions of present-day northern Myanmar. He reemerged in 1452 by staging a successful coup against his cousin Gov. Minkh ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
