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Razadarit
Razadarit ( mnw, ရာဇာဓိရာတ်,The spelling "ရာဇာဓိရာတ်" per ''Slapat Rajawan'' (Schmidt 1906: 118) and the 1485 Shwedagon Pagoda inscription (Pan Hla 2005: 368, footnote 1). Nai Pan Hla's ''Razadarit Ayedawbon'' (Pan Hla 2005), which provides equivalent Mon spellings, uses ရာဇာဓိရာဇ် for both Mon and Burmese; see (Pan Hla 2005: 395) in the Index section for the name ရာဇာဓိရာဇ်. ရာဇာဓိရာတ် may be an archaic spelling. my, ရာဇာဓိရာဇ်, or ; also spelled Yazadarit; 1368–1421), was king of Hanthawaddy Pegu from 1384 to 1421. He successfully unified his Mon-speaking kingdom, and fended off major assaults by the Burmese-speaking Ava Kingdom (Inwa) in the Forty Years' War. The king also instituted an administrative system that left his successors with a far more integrated kingdom. He is one of the most famous kings in Burmese history. Razadarit came to power at ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Byat Za
SminSmin is a transliteration of the Mon language title သ္ငီ. The title is also transliterated into English as Smim. Byat Za ( my, သမိန်ဗြာဇ္ဇ, ; also spelled in Burmese, သမိန်ဖြတ်စ,The name reported in the standard Burmese chronicles: See (Maha Yazawin Vol. 1 2006: 300) and (Hmannan Vol. 1 2003: 430). ; d. 1413) was co-chief minister of Hanthawaddy and the commander-in-chief of the Hanthawaddy armed forces from 1388 to 1413 during the reign of King Razadarit. He also held key governorship posts at Myaungmya (1390–1413) and Donwun (1388–1390). Along with his colleague Dein Mani-Yut and his key officer Lagun Ein, Byat Za was instrumental in Razadarit's reunification campaigns of the Mon-speaking kingdom in the late 1380s, as well as the Forty Years' War against the Burmese-speaking Ava Kingdom until his death. Early career The first mention of him in the chronicle ''Razadarit Ayedawbon'' is as one of the court officials ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Dein Mani-Yut
Dein Mani-Yut ( mnw, ဒိန်ၝိတ်ရတ်;Pan Hla 2005: 370 my, ဒိန်မဏိရွတ်, ; commonly known as Amat Dein (အမတ်ဒိန်, "Minister Dein") or as Amat Tein (အမတ်တိန်, "Minister Tein")) was co-chief minister of Hanthawaddy during the reign of King Razadarit (1384–1421). He was also a senior general, and held key governorship posts at Syriam (1370s–1408), Bassein (1408–1415) and Sittaung (1415–1420s). Along with his colleague Byat Za, Dein was instrumental in Razadarit's reunification campaigns of the Mon-speaking kingdom in the late 1380s, as well as the Forty Years' War against the Burmese-speaking Ava Kingdom. Early career According to the chronicle ''Razadarit Ayedawbon'', he was a senior minister of the court of King Binnya U at the king's death in 1384.Pan Hla 2005: 161Aung-Thwin 2017: 251 He was then known as Tein Nge (lit. "Tein the Young") or Amat Dein/Tein (lit. "Minister Dein/Tein").Various chronicle ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Binnya Dhammaraza
Binnya Dhammaraza ( mnw, ဗညာ ဓမ္မရာဇာ, my, ဗညား ဓမ္မရာဇာ, ; also spelled Banya Dhamma Yaza;Aung-Thwin 2017: 261 1393–1424) was king of Hanthawaddy Pegu from 1421 to 1424. His short reign was marked by rebellions by his half-brothers Binnya Ran and Binnya Kyan; renewed invasions by the Ava Kingdom; and various court intrigues. He never had any real control beyond the capital Pegu (Bago), and was poisoned by one of his queens in 1424. He was succeeded by Binnya Ran. Early life Born early 1393,The ''Slapat Rajawan'' (Schmidt 1906: 20–21, 118–119) says Binnya Dhammaraza came to power in his 29th year (at age 28) in 783 ME (30 March 1421 to 29 March 1422), meaning he was born in 1392 or 1393. Since King Razadarit died early Tabodwe 783 ME (December 1383), in order for Dhammaraza to be still aged 28 at his accession, he must have been born in or after Tabodwe 754 ME (13 January 1393 to 10 February 1393). The ''Razadarit Ayedawbon ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Binnya Kyan Of Martaban
Binnya Kyan ( mnw, ဗညာကေန်; my, ဗညားကျန်း, ; also spelled Banya Kyan or Binya Keng; 1395 – 1442/43) was viceroy of Martaban from 1422 to 1442/43. A son of King Razadarit (r. 1384–1421), Kyan was also governor of Dala from 1414 to 1422, with the title of Binnya Dala. The prince fought in the Forty Years' War against the northern Ava Kingdom between 1413 and 1418. However, after his father's death in 1421, he sought Ava's assistance during the subsequent power struggle with his elder brothers Binnya Dhammaraza and Binnya Ran. He quickly soured on the plundering Ava forces, reached a power sharing deal with his brothers, and drove back the invaders. He subsequently became viceroy of the province of Martaban where he exercised considerable autonomy. He died in 1442 (or 1443) and was succeeded by his sister. Early life Binnya Kyan was a son of King Razadarit of Hanthawaddy Pegu. His mother's name is lost to history. Probably born in the mid 1 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Zeik-Bye
Smin E Bya-Ye Zeik-Bye ( mnw, သ္ငီ အဲာပြရဲာ ဇိပ်ဗြဲာ; my, သမိန် အဲပြရဲ ဇိပ်ဗြဲ, ; also spelled Zeip Bye) was chief minister of Hanthawaddy in the 1380s in the service of kings Binnya U and Razadarit. He was a key figure responsible for Razadarit's ascent to power. Though he lost the chief ministership to Byat Za and Dein Mani-Yut in 1388, Zeik-Bye continued to serve as a senior minister at least until 1408. Background The ''Razadarit Ayedawbon'' chronicle includes two men who wore the title Smin Zeik-Bye in the service of King Binnya U (r. 1348–1384).Pan Hla 2005: 378 The subject of this article is the man who became chief minister in the second half of the king's reign,Pan Hla 2005: 82 not Gov. Smin Zeik-Bye of Dala–Twante, who died 1371.Pan Hla 2005: 60 The chronicle does not provide any direct information about the minister's background. It can be inferred from the language used in the chronicl ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Piya Yaza Dewi
Piya Yaza Dewi ( my, ပီယရာဇာဒေဝီ, ; pi, Piyarājadevī; 1360s – April 1392) was the chief queen consort of King Razadarit of Hanthawaddy Pegu from 1384 to 1392. Razadarit's reaffirmation of Piya Yaza Dewi as the chief queen in 1390 contributed to Queen Tala Mi Daw's subsequent suicide. Brief According to the ''Razadarit Ayedawbon'' chronicle, the future queen was a commoner named Mwei Maneit (မွေ့ မနိတ်; "Miss Ruby").(Pan Hla 2005: 103, footnote 3): Mwei Maneit is a Mon language name, which translates to Me Padamya in Burmese (မယ် ပတ္တမြား, "Miss Ruby"). She was a flower seller (or cooking oil seller).(Pan Hla 2005: 103, footnote 3): Flower seller per ''Razadarit Ayedawbon'' but cooking oil seller per the ''Pak Lat Chronicles''. She was married to Ma Chut Sut (also known as Ma Aung Sut).Pan Hla 2005: 103–104 One morning in May/June 1383,(Pan Hla 2005: 94): Razadarit left the capital Pegu (Bago) for Dagon to ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Binnya U
Binnya U ( mnw, ဗညာဥူ, my, ဗညားဦး, ; also known as Hsinbyushin; 1323–1384) was king of Martaban–Hanthawaddy from 1348 to 1384. His reign was marked by several internal rebellions and external conflicts. He survived the initial rebellions and an invasion by Lan Na by 1353. But from 1364 onwards, his effective rule covered only the Pegu province, albeit the most strategic and powerful of the kingdom's three provinces. Constantly plagued by poor health, U increasingly relied on his sister Maha Dewi to govern. He formally handed her all his powers in 1383 while facing an open rebellion by his eldest son Binnya Nwe, who succeeded him as King Razadarit. King Binnya U is best remembered in Burmese history as the father of King Razadarit. One enduring legacy of his reign was Pegu's (Bago's) emergence as the new power center in Lower Burma. The city would remain the capital of the Mon-speaking kingdom until the mid-16th century. Early life Born late 1323, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bawlawkyantaw
Baw Law Kyan Daw ( my, ဘောလောကျန်းထော, ; 1383 – 1390) was the first child of King Razadarit of Hanthawaddy Kingdom, Hanthawaddy Pegu. The prince is best known for his famous oath before his execution on the orders of his father that he shall be reborn to fight against his father if he were innocent. Razadarit was concerned that the young prince would later raise a rebellion against him as he had driven the prince's mother Queen Tala Mi Daw to commit suicide, and feared that the young prince would one day avenge for his mother's death. The people of Hanthawaddy and the people of rival Kingdom of Ava widely believed that Prince Minye Kyawswa of Ava was the reincarnation of Baw Law Kyan Daw, fulfilling the prophecy of the oath. Execution Razadarit eventually ordered the execution of his own son at a young age. Razadarit was in Pathein, Bassein (Pathein) when he ordered the execution of his eldest child, only about seven years old, who was in Pegu ( ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tala Mi Daw
Tala Mi Daw ( my, တလမည်ဒေါ, ; also တလမေဒေါ; 1368 – 1390) was the first wife of King Razadarit of Hanthawaddy. She was a half-sister of Razadarit and a daughter of King Binnya U by queen Sanda Dewi.Pan Hla 2005: 161 In late 1382, Daw eloped with her half-brother Binnya Nwe (Razadarit). They were soon caught. Because of the intervention of their aunt Princess Maha Dewi, the king relented and allowed the couple to be married. But soon after in May 1383, Nwe fled to Dagon (Yangon) to raise a rebellion. Binnya U died during the rebellion. They had a son named Bawlawkyantaw Baw Law Kyan Daw ( my, ဘောလောကျန်းထော, ; 1383 – 1390) was the first child of King Razadarit of Hanthawaddy Kingdom, Hanthawaddy Pegu. The prince is best known for his famous oath before his execution on the order .... However King Razadarit's decision to keep the one-time flower seller Piya Yaza Dewi as his chief queen consort, led Tala Mi Daw ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Binnya Ran I
Binnya Ran I ( mnw, ပထမ ဗညာရာံ; my, ပထမ ဗညားရံ, ; 1393–1446) was king of Hanthawaddy Pegu from 1424 to 1446. As crown prince, he ended the Forty Years' War with the rival Ava Kingdom in 1423. He came to the throne after poisoning his brother King Binnya Dhammaraza in 1424. As king, Binnya Ran largely kept his kingdom at peace for much of his 20-year reign when Ava was struggling to keep its territories intact. He pursued an opportunistic policy to keep Ava weak, helping Toungoo's rebellion against Ava between 1437 and 1442 during which he placed his son as the viceroy of Toungoo. When Ava reconquered Toungoo in 1442, he did not resume a large-scale war against Ava. Crown Prince Binnya Ran was born to Queen Thuddhamaya and King Razadarit.Yazawin Thit Vol. 1 2012: 268 After Razadarit's death, Binnya Dhammaraza became king. Binnya Ran and Binnya Kyan immediately revolted against their elder brother. Binnya Dhammaraza pacified Binnya Ran for a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Forty Years' War
The Forty Years' War ( my, အနှစ်လေးဆယ်စစ်; 1385 – 1424; also Ava-Pegu War or the Mon-Burmese War) was a military war fought between the Burmese-speaking Kingdom of Ava and the Mon-speaking Kingdom of Hanthawaddy. The war was fought during two separate periods: 1385 to 1391, and 1401 to 1424, interrupted by two truces of 1391–1401 and 1403–1408. It was fought primarily in today's Lower Burma and also in Upper Burma, Shan State, and Rakhine State. It ended in a stalemate, preserving the independence of Hanthawaddy, and effectively ending Ava's efforts to rebuild the erstwhile Pagan Kingdom. First half In the first phase, Swa Saw Ke of Ava began the hostilities by invading Pegu during the latter kingdom's dynastic succession struggles. The war began in some time between 1384 and 1386.According to Mon records (Pan Hla 2005: 164–165) the war began within a year after Razadarit's accession, meaning late 1384/early 1385. However, Burmes ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mwei Auk
Lawka Dewi Mwei Auk ( my, လောကဒေဝီ မွေ့အောက်, ) was a principal queen consort of King Razadarit of Hanthawaddy Pegu from 1392 to 1421. Brief According to the ''Razadarit Ayedawbon'' chronicle, the queen was the middle daughter of Saw Ye-Bein, a senior minister at the Hanthawaddy court. Her personal name was Mwei Auk (မွေ့အောက်). She had an elder sister Mwei Ohn-Naung and a younger sister Mi U-SiPan Hla 2005: 203 In April 1392, she became a senior queen of King Razadarit, with the title of Lawka Dewi ( pi, Lokadevī). Her two sisters were also raised as queens at the same ceremony. She and her sisters were first cousins once removed of the king. Their father was a first cousin of Razadarit. Their paternal grandfather Binnya Thein was a noble from Chiang Mai who after a disagreement with the king of Chiang Mai had sought refuge at the court of King Binnya U. Their paternal grandmother was Tala Saw Lun, a daughter of King Saw Zei ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
