|
Sjønstå
Sjønstå is a settlement in Norway and was officially a village during a brief time when Sulitjelma Mines carried out activity in the area, 1890 to 1956. Before this time, Sjønstå comprised the Sjønstå farm, which is located on '' Øvervatnet'' (Upper Lake) in the municipality of Fauske in Nordland county. The Sjønstå River empties into the lake at Sjønstå. Where it enters the lake, there is a sandy beach on the west side of the river's mouth. There are also natural terraces from moraine deposits. The old farm is located on the sandy beach and the terraces were used for tilled fields and meadows. The Sjønstå farm was given protected status in 2006 by the Norwegian Directorate for Cultural Heritage. It represents a special kind of farm known as a cluster farm ( no, klyngetun); these were typical in Nordland county before 1900 and few of them have been preserved. The Sjønstå farm is the only remaining cluster farm in Northern Norway and has national significance. Nam ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sjønstå River
The Sjønstå River ( no, Sjønståelva, known as the ''Langvasselva'' in its upper course) is a river in the municipality of Fauske in Nordland county, Norway. The river is located in the valley between the town of Fauske and the village of Sulitjelma. Geography The Sjønstå River is the main river of the Sulitjelma drainage system. The stretch from its source at '' Langvatnet'' (Long Lake) to the village of Sjønstå, where it empties into '' Øvervatnet'' (Upper Lake) has been developed into the Sjønstå Hydroelectric Power Station. The river has many small tributaries. Norwegian County Road 830 runs parallel to the Sjønstå River. The Sulitjelma Line formerly ran along the river. The drainage system is regulated by many hydroelectric stations. The river is long and has a drainage basin of . The river's average discharge is . The river gently flows from Langvatnet, but it has some rapids. The only waterfall is located at contour level ,Bjerkaas, Olav. 1989. ''Vassdr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Fauske
or is a municipality located in Nordland county, Norway. It is part of the traditional district of Salten. The administrative centre of the municipality is the town of Fauske. Some of the villages in Fauske include Nystad, Venset, Straumsnes, and Sulitjelma. The municipality borders Sweden in the east and the municipalities of Sørfold to the north, Bodø to the west, and Saltdal to the southeast. The town is located on the northern shore of Skjerstad Fjord. The municipality is the 90th largest by area out of the 356 municipalities in Norway. Fauske is the 117th most populous municipality in Norway with a population of 9,603. The municipality's population density is and its population has increased by 0.9% over the previous 10-year period. General information The municipality was established on 1 January 1905 when the municipality of Skjerstad was divided into Skjerstad (population: 1,709) in the west and Fauske (population: 4,646) in the east. The municipal borders hav ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cluster Farm
A cluster farm ( no, klyngetun) is a traditional western Norway, Norwegian farm settlement with multiple individual farms and with the houses of the various farms located close together, more or less irregularly in relation to each other, so that it is difficult to see any regular pattern. Typical examples of cluster farms include Havrå on the island of Osterøy (island), Osterøy, Agatunet in the Hardanger district, Henjum in Hermansverk, Tyssedalen in the municipality of Fjaler, Osmundnes in the municipality of Gloppen, Sjønstå in the municipality of Fauske, and remaining parts of Larsbakken. Cluster farms originated through repeated division of farms. The division was to be made fairly, and so every single field plot was therefore divided. The plots of land therefore became increasingly smaller, and each user received an increasingly complex property to deal with. References Further reading *Visted, Kristofer, & Hilmar Stigum. 1971. ''Vår gamle bondekultur''. Oslo: ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Deer Fly
Deer flies (also known in some parts of the mid-Atlantic United States as sheep flies) are bloodsucking insects considered pests to humans and cattle. They are large flies with large brightly-coloured compound eyes, and large clear wings with dark bands. They are larger than the common housefly and smaller than the horse-fly. There are 250 species of deer fly in the genus ''Chrysops''. Their distribution is worldwide, though they have not been reported in Iceland, Greenland, and Hawaii. Deer flies lay between 100 and 800 eggs in batches on vegetation near water or dampness. During the larval stage, which lasts one to three weeks, they feed on small creatures or rotting organic matter near or in the water. After a pupal stage, they emerge as adults in late spring and summer. While male deer flies collect pollen, female deer flies feed on blood, which they require to produce eggs. Females feed primarily on mammals. They are attracted to prey by sight, smell, or the detection of car ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Middle Ages
In the history of Europe, the Middle Ages or medieval period lasted approximately from the late 5th to the late 15th centuries, similar to the post-classical period of global history. It began with the fall of the Western Roman Empire and transitioned into the Renaissance and the Age of Discovery. The Middle Ages is the middle period of the three traditional divisions of Western history: classical antiquity, the medieval period, and the modern period. The medieval period is itself subdivided into the Early, High, and Late Middle Ages. Population decline, counterurbanisation, the collapse of centralized authority, invasions, and mass migrations of tribes, which had begun in late antiquity, continued into the Early Middle Ages. The large-scale movements of the Migration Period, including various Germanic peoples, formed new kingdoms in what remained of the Western Roman Empire. In the 7th century, North Africa and the Middle East—most recently part of the Eastern Ro ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Black Death
The Black Death (also known as the Pestilence, the Great Mortality or the Plague) was a bubonic plague pandemic occurring in Western Eurasia and North Africa from 1346 to 1353. It is the most fatal pandemic recorded in human history, causing the deaths of people, peaking in Europe from 1347 to 1351. Bubonic plague is caused by the bacterium ''Yersinia pestis'' spread by fleas, but it can also take a secondary form where it is spread by person-to-person contact via aerosols causing septicaemic or pneumonic plagues. The Black Death was the beginning of the second plague pandemic. The plague created religious, social and economic upheavals, with profound effects on the course of European history. The origin of the Black Death is disputed. The pandemic originated either in Central Asia or East Asia before spreading to Crimea with the Golden Horde army of Jani Beg as he was besieging the Genoese trading port of Kaffa in Crimea (1347). From Crimea, it was most likely carried ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Deserted Farm
A deserted farm ( no, ødegård) in Norway is a farm that was left abandoned or unused for various reasons. Terminology In Norway, this term primarily applies to farms deserted due to the Black Death in 1349 and 1350. In many cases, the description of the farm as ''øde'' 'deserted' became part of the farm name for posterity when the farms gradually came back into use again. Examples of such names include ''Øderå'' and ''Kroksundøgarden'' (both in Hole), ''Øde-Rud'' (in Nannestad), ''Hole-Ødegården'' (in Ringerike), ''Øde-Hval'' (in Ringerike and Modum), and simply ''Ødegården'' (e.g., in Fredrikstad). A contracted variant of the name is ''Øygard'' (in Grimstad) or ''Øygarden'' (in Søgne). The term ''ødegård'' is also used in Denmark, where starting in the 1950s Copenhagen residents began looking for abandoned and deserted small farms in Sweden that they could buy or rent and use for the summer. History After the plague epidemics of the 1300s, the population of N ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mark (unit)
The Mark (from Middle High German: Marc, march, brand) is originally a medieval weight or mass unit, which supplanted the pound weight as a precious metals and coinage weight from the 11th century. The Mark is traditionally divided into 8 ounces or 16 lots. The Cologne mark corresponded to about 234 grams. Like the German systems, the French poids de marc weight system considered one "Marc" equal to 8 troy ounces. Just as the pound of 12 troy ounces (373 g) lent its name to the pound unit of currency, the mark lent its name to the mark unit of currency. Origin of the term The Etymological Dictionary of the German Language by Friedrich Kluge derives the word from the Proto-Germanic term ''marka'', "weight and value unit" (originally "division, shared"). The etymological dictionary by Wolfgang Pfeifer sees the Old High German ''marc'', "delimitation, sign", as the stem and assumes that ''marc'' originally meant "minting" (marking of a certain weight), later denoting the ing ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tønne (unit)
A tønne (plural ''tønner'') is an old Norwegian unit of volume equivalent to a barrel. There was a dry ''tønne'' and a liquid ''tønne''. The volume of a ''tønne'' has varied over time in Norway, including many local variations. The dry ''tønne'' was standardized in 1824 as equivalent to . A ''tønne'' of potatoes weighed about . A dry ''tønne'' was divided into four '' fjerdinger'', equivalent to each. The liquid ''tønne'' was equivalent to .Klonteig, Olav. 2000. ''Fjellbygder i attersyn: frå det gamle Tinn i Telemark''. Porsgrunn: Forlaget Grenland, p. 71. In addition, the term ''tønne'' (a "barrel of land A barrel of land (Danish language, Danish: ''tønde land'', Norwegian language, Norwegian: ''tønneland'', Swedish language, Swedish: ''tunnland'', Finnish language, Finnish: ''tynnyrinala'') is a Scandinavian unit of area. The word may originate f ...") was used as a measurement of area equivalent to . This corresponded to the amount of land that could be sown with ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Leidang
The institution known as ''leiðangr'' (Old Norse), ''leidang'' (Norwegian), ''leding'' (Danish), ''ledung'' (Swedish), ''expeditio'' (Latin) or sometimes lething (English), was a form of conscription ( mass levy) to organize coastal fleets for seasonal excursions and in defense of the realm typical for medieval Scandinavians and, later, a public levy of free farmers. In Anglo-Saxon England, a different system was used to achieve similar ends, and was known as the fyrd. The first recorded instance of a Norse lething is disputed among scholars. There is considerable evidence that substantiates its existence in the late 12th century. However, there are also written sources and archeological evidence which indicate that the lething system was introduced as early as the tenth century, if not earlier. Origins The age of the lething is disputed among scholars. The Icelandic sagas link the introduction of the lething to King Haakon I (The Good) of Norway in the tenth century. The first k ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Stockfish
Stockfish is unsalted fish, especially cod, dried by cold air and wind on wooden racks (which are called "hjell" in Norway) on the foreshore. The drying of food is the world's oldest known preservation method, and dried fish has a storage life of several years. The method is cheap and effective in suitable climates; the work can be done by the fisherman and family, and the resulting product is easily transported to market. Over the centuries, several variants of dried fish have evolved. The ''stockfish'' (fresh dried, not salted) category is often mistaken for the ''clipfish'', or salted cod, category where the fish is salted before drying. Salting was not economically feasible until the 17th century, when cheap salt from southern Europe became available to the maritime nations of northern Europe. Stockfish is cured in a process called fermentation where cold-adapted bacteria matures the fish, similar to the maturing process of cheese. In English legal records of the Medi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Våg
A våg (plural ''våger'') or vog is an old Scandinavian unit of mass. The standardized ''landsvåg'', which was introduced in Norway with the new system of weights and measures in 1875, corresponded to three '' bismerpund'', or . The ''våg'' was used in Eastern Norway, Western Norway, and Northern Norway, but it varied in weight. Previously, it was often reckoned as 72 marks or approximately .Richter-Hanssen, Einar. 2015. The History of the Norwegian–Spanish Salted Fish Trade. In: Knut Bjørn Lindkvist & Torbjørn Trondsen (eds), ''Nordic-Iberian Cod Value Chains: Explaining Salted Fish Trade Patterns'', pp. 23–40. Heidelberg: Springer, p. 27.Brøndum-Nielsen, Johannes. 1936. ''Nordisk kultur''. Stockholm: Bonnier, p. 107. In Sunnmøre the ''våg'' was equivalent to three '' lispund'' or about , but in Sunnhordland Sunnhordland is a traditional district in the western region of Norway. The district consists of the southern coastal regions of the old Hordaland county (now ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
