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Shajra
A shujra or shujrah is a detailed village map that is used for legal (land ownership) and administrative purposes in India and Pakistan. A ''shujra'' maps out the village lands into land parcels and gives each parcel a unique number. The ''patwari'' (or village accountant) maintains a record for each one of these parcels in documents called ''khasras''. Aks-Shajrah is the copy of the map. Shajra also rendered as Shajra Nasab, shajarat, (Arabic/Urdu: شجرہ, Hindi: वंशावली), (synonyms: Ancestry, Pedigree, Genealogy, Lineage, Family Tree, Shajra, Family Chart) which means Tree of Ancestry. The term "Shajra" comes from the Arabic word شَجَر (Shajar), meaning "a tree" or "a plant." A conventional tree structure is similar to a genealogy/pedigree chart representing family relationships. A Shajra records the ancestors from whom you directly descend and presents family information in the form of an easily readable chart. Shajra is often presented with the oldest g ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Shajra
A shujra or shujrah is a detailed village map that is used for legal (land ownership) and administrative purposes in India and Pakistan. A ''shujra'' maps out the village lands into land parcels and gives each parcel a unique number. The ''patwari'' (or village accountant) maintains a record for each one of these parcels in documents called ''khasras''. Aks-Shajrah is the copy of the map. Shajra also rendered as Shajra Nasab, shajarat, (Arabic/Urdu: شجرہ, Hindi: वंशावली), (synonyms: Ancestry, Pedigree, Genealogy, Lineage, Family Tree, Shajra, Family Chart) which means Tree of Ancestry. The term "Shajra" comes from the Arabic word شَجَر (Shajar), meaning "a tree" or "a plant." A conventional tree structure is similar to a genealogy/pedigree chart representing family relationships. A Shajra records the ancestors from whom you directly descend and presents family information in the form of an easily readable chart. Shajra is often presented with the oldest g ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Khasra
A Khasra Girdawari ( Hindustani: ख़सरा or خسره گرداوری) is a legal Revenue Department document used in India and Pakistan that specifies land and crop details. It is often used in conjunction with a ''shajra'' (or ''shajra kishtwar''), which is a family tree of owner ;used for reference map of the village that administers the land described by the ''khasra girdawari''. ''Khasras'' traditionally detail "''all the fields and their areas, measurement, who owns and what cultivators he employs, what crops, what sort of soil, what trees are on the land''.". In Indian Land record system, "Khatauni" is an account book, "Khasra girdawari" is a survey book and "Sajra" is the village map. At village level, patwari is appointed to update and maintain these land records. History Systematic ''khasra'' documentation in the Indian subcontinent has existed for several centuries, far predating the British colonial period. Medieval ''khasra'' documents are a useful source for hi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Khasra
A Khasra Girdawari ( Hindustani: ख़सरा or خسره گرداوری) is a legal Revenue Department document used in India and Pakistan that specifies land and crop details. It is often used in conjunction with a ''shajra'' (or ''shajra kishtwar''), which is a family tree of owner ;used for reference map of the village that administers the land described by the ''khasra girdawari''. ''Khasras'' traditionally detail "''all the fields and their areas, measurement, who owns and what cultivators he employs, what crops, what sort of soil, what trees are on the land''.". In Indian Land record system, "Khatauni" is an account book, "Khasra girdawari" is a survey book and "Sajra" is the village map. At village level, patwari is appointed to update and maintain these land records. History Systematic ''khasra'' documentation in the Indian subcontinent has existed for several centuries, far predating the British colonial period. Medieval ''khasra'' documents are a useful source for hi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Khadir And Bangar
Khādir or Khadar and Bangar, Bāngur or Bhangar (Hindi language: खादर और बांगर, Urdu languageکهادر اور بانگر) are terms used in Hindi, Urdu, Punjabi and Sindhi in the Indo-Gangetic plains of North India and Pakistan to differentiate between two types of river plains and alluvial soils. Bangur and Khadir areas are commonly found in the doab regions. Some villages may have both Khadar and Bangar areas within their revenue boundaries. Bhangar soils are less fertile as they are above flood level whereas Khadar soils are more fertile as they are below the flood level. Bhanger is full of kankers (lime nodules) while khadar soil is composed of fine silt and clay. It is fertile land as it contains alluvial soil deposited by rivers. Khadir or Nali areas Khadir or Khadar (Hindi: खादर or खादिर), also called Nali or Naili, are low-lying areas that are floodplains of a river and which are usually relatively narrower compared to un ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Measurement Of Land In Punjab
The following are the basic measurements of land used in the Punjab region, divided between Indian and Pakistani Punjab and many parts of North India and Pakistan in ascending order. Current standard measurement of farm land All Units 1 karam X 1 karam = 1 sq. karam 5.5 feet X 5.5 feet = 30.25 sq. feet 30.25 square feet = 1 Sarsai 9 Sarsai (Sq. Karam) = 1 Marla 36 Sarsai (Sq. Karam) = 1 Biswa 20 Marlas = 1 Kanal 20 Biswas = 1 Bigha 4 Kanals = 1 Bigha 8 Kanals = 1 Killa(Acre) 2 Bighas = 1 Killa(Acre) 2.5 Killas(Acres) = 1 Hectare 25 Killas(Acres) = 1 Murabba This the current standard system of measurement of farm land. Muraba-Killa-Bigha system * one 'karam' is 5.5 ft * one 'Sq. Karam' is 'One Sarsai' = (5.5 x 5.5) = 30.25 Sq. Feet * one 'marla' is 9 (Sarsai) square karams = 9 x (5.5x5.5) = 272.25 Sq ft =30.25 Sq yard. * one 'kanaal' is 20 marlas (5,445 sq ft) = 605 Sq.yard (Gajz) * one 'bigha' is 20 biswa (21,780 sq ft) * one 'bigha' = 20 nisa * one 'bigha' = 4 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
India
India, officially the Republic of India (Hindi: ), is a country in South Asia. It is the seventh-largest country by area, the second-most populous country, and the most populous democracy in the world. Bounded by the Indian Ocean on the south, the Arabian Sea on the southwest, and the Bay of Bengal on the southeast, it shares land borders with Pakistan to the west; China, Nepal, and Bhutan to the north; and Bangladesh and Myanmar to the east. In the Indian Ocean, India is in the vicinity of Sri Lanka and the Maldives; its Andaman and Nicobar Islands share a maritime border with Thailand, Myanmar, and Indonesia. Modern humans arrived on the Indian subcontinent from Africa no later than 55,000 years ago., "Y-Chromosome and Mt-DNA data support the colonization of South Asia by modern humans originating in Africa. ... Coalescence dates for most non-European populations average to between 73–55 ka.", "Modern human beings—''Homo sapiens''—originated in Africa. Then, int ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pakistan
Pakistan ( ur, ), officially the Islamic Republic of Pakistan ( ur, , label=none), is a country in South Asia. It is the world's List of countries and dependencies by population, fifth-most populous country, with a population of almost 243 million people, and has the world's Islam by country#Countries, second-largest Muslim population just behind Indonesia. Pakistan is the List of countries and dependencies by area, 33rd-largest country in the world by area and 2nd largest in South Asia, spanning . It has a coastline along the Arabian Sea and Gulf of Oman in the south, and is bordered by India to India–Pakistan border, the east, Afghanistan to Durand Line, the west, Iran to Iran–Pakistan border, the southwest, and China to China–Pakistan border, the northeast. It is separated narrowly from Tajikistan by Afghanistan's Wakhan Corridor in the north, and also shares a maritime border with Oman. Islamabad is the nation's capital, while Karachi is its largest city and fina ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Village Accountant
A Village accountant or Patwari (Punjab, Andhra Pradesh, Telangana, West Bengal), Talati (Gujarat, Karnataka, Maharashtra) or Lekhpal (Uttar Pradesh, Uttarakhand), is an administrative government position in rural areas of the Indian subcontinent. Introduced during the early 16th century, it was maintained by the British Raj. The official, as a representative of the state, is responsible for keeping land records, agricultural records and collecting taxes. History The ''patwar'' system, introduced to the Indian subcontinent during the rule of Sher Shah Suri, was further enhanced by the Mughal emperor Akbar. The East India Company and subsequently British crown continued with the system with some administrative changes. It denotes the office of the ''talati'' in rural Gujarat, Maharashtra and Karnataka. The office and its holder are known as Talatis, and holders of the office have adopted it as their family name. The ''talati'' replaced the ''kulkarni'' in Gujarat and Maharashtra. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bigha
The bigha (also formerly beegah) is a traditional unit of measurement of area of a land, commonly used in India (including Uttarakhand, Haryana, Himachal Pradesh, Punjab, Madhya Pradesh, Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, Jharkhand, West Bengal, Assam, Gujarat and Rajasthan but not in southern states of India), Bangladesh and Nepal. There is no "standard" size of bigha. The size of a ''bigha'' varies considerably from place to place. The size of Bigha is different in different areas.Haryana jamabandi Units of measurements , . Sources have given measurements ranging from , but in several smaller pockets, it can be as high as . Its sub-unit is Biswa (or Bisa) or Katha (or Katta) in many regions. Again there i ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Doab
''Doab'' () is a term used in South Asia Quote: "Originally and chiefly in South Asia: (the name of) a strip or narrow tract of land between two rivers; spec. (with) the area between the rivers Ganges and Jumna in northern India." for the tract Quote: "confluence, land between two rivers, used in India of the tongue of land between the Ganges and Jumna, and of similar tracts in the Punjab, etc., lit. ‘two waters’ " of land lying between two confluent rivers. It is similar to an interfluve. Quote: " a tract of land between two rivers : interfluve" In the ''Oxford Hindi-English Dictionary'', R. S. McGregor defines it as from Persian ''do-āb'' (, literally "two odiesof water") "a region lying between and reaching to the confluence of two rivers. The Doab ''The Doab'' designates the flat alluvial tract between the Ganges and Yamuna rivers extending from the Sivalik Hills to the two rivers' confluence at Prayagraj. It is also called as ''Ganges-Yamuna Doab'' or ''Ganga ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Patwari
A Village accountant or Patwari (Punjab, Andhra Pradesh, Telangana, West Bengal), Talati (Gujarat, Karnataka, Maharashtra) or Lekhpal (Uttar Pradesh, Uttarakhand), is an administrative government position in rural areas of the Indian subcontinent. Introduced during the early 16th century, it was maintained by the British Raj. The official, as a representative of the state, is responsible for keeping land records, agricultural records and collecting taxes. History The ''patwar'' system, introduced to the Indian subcontinent during the rule of Sher Shah Suri, was further enhanced by the Mughal emperor Akbar. The East India Company and subsequently British crown continued with the system with some administrative changes. It denotes the office of the ''talati'' in rural Gujarat, Maharashtra and Karnataka. The office and its holder are known as Talatis, and holders of the office have adopted it as their family name. The ''talati'' replaced the ''kulkarni'' in Gujarat and Maharashtra. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Zaildar
Zaildar was the title of the grand jagirdars (landlords) of the area, who were in charge of a Zail which was an administrative unit of group of villages during the British Indian Empire. The Settlement Officer, with the advice of the Deputy Commissioner, was responsible for appointing Zaildars from amongst the men of the tribe or the area, thus reinforcing his preexisting social authority with the official sanction as the representative of the government.1930Punjab Settlement Manual Punjab Government publications, point 235 and 578-282 on page 115, 272-273.Tan Tai Yong, 2005"The Garrison State: The military, government and society in Colonial Punjab, 1849 - 1947." SAGE Publications, page 118-119, . Each Zail was an administrative unit, extending between 40 to 100 villages.The Indian Making of mewat, Ismail khan, Permanent Black Each village was headed by the Lambardar who was assisted by the Safedposh Zamindars (influential landlords or white collar gentry) of the village. Zail ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
