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Patwari
A Village accountant or Patwari (Punjab, Andhra Pradesh, Telangana, West Bengal), Talati (Gujarat, Karnataka, Maharashtra) or Lekhpal (Uttar Pradesh, Uttarakhand), is an administrative government position in rural areas of the Indian subcontinent. Introduced during the early 16th century, it was maintained by the British Raj. The official, as a representative of the state, is responsible for keeping land records, agricultural records and collecting taxes. History The ''patwar'' system, introduced to the Indian subcontinent during the rule of Sher Shah Suri, was further enhanced by the Mughal emperor Akbar. The East India Company and subsequently British crown continued with the system with some administrative changes. It denotes the office of the ''talati'' in rural Gujarat, Maharashtra and Karnataka. The office and its holder are known as Talatis, and holders of the office have adopted it as their family name. The ''talati'' replaced the ''kulkarni'' in Gujarat and Maharashtra. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lambardar
Numbardar or Lambardar ( hi, नम्बरदार, pnb, ਲੰਬੜਦਾਰ, لمبردار, ur, لمبردار or نمبردار, bn, লম্বরদার/নম্বরদার, Lombordar/Nombordar) is a title in the Indian subcontinent which applies to powerful families of zamindars of the village revenue estate, a state-privileged status which is hereditary and has wide-ranging governmental powers share in it, the collaboration with the police for maintaining law and order in the village, and it comes with the associated social prestige. In contrast, the Zaildar who was the grand jagirdar and usually had the power over 40 to 100 villages. The Zail and Zaildar system of British Raj was abolished in 1952 in India but the lambardar system still continues in Pakistan and in some places in India. Etymology The compound word ''numberdar'' is composed of the English word ''number'' (such as a certain number or percentage of the land revenue) and ''dar'' (در from the P ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Zaildar
Zaildar was the title of the grand jagirdars (landlords) of the area, who were in charge of a Zail which was an administrative unit of group of villages during the British Indian Empire. The Settlement Officer, with the advice of the Deputy Commissioner, was responsible for appointing Zaildars from amongst the men of the tribe or the area, thus reinforcing his preexisting social authority with the official sanction as the representative of the government.1930Punjab Settlement Manual Punjab Government publications, point 235 and 578-282 on page 115, 272-273.Tan Tai Yong, 2005"The Garrison State: The military, government and society in Colonial Punjab, 1849 - 1947." SAGE Publications, page 118-119, . Each Zail was an administrative unit, extending between 40 to 100 villages.The Indian Making of mewat, Ismail khan, Permanent Black Each village was headed by the Lambardar who was assisted by the Safedposh Zamindars (influential landlords or white collar gentry) of the village. Zail ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Khasra
A Khasra Girdawari ( Hindustani: ख़सरा or خسره گرداوری) is a legal Revenue Department document used in India and Pakistan that specifies land and crop details. It is often used in conjunction with a ''shajra'' (or ''shajra kishtwar''), which is a family tree of owner ;used for reference map of the village that administers the land described by the ''khasra girdawari''. ''Khasras'' traditionally detail "''all the fields and their areas, measurement, who owns and what cultivators he employs, what crops, what sort of soil, what trees are on the land''.". In Indian Land record system, "Khatauni" is an account book, "Khasra girdawari" is a survey book and "Sajra" is the village map. At village level, patwari is appointed to update and maintain these land records. History Systematic ''khasra'' documentation in the Indian subcontinent has existed for several centuries, far predating the British colonial period. Medieval ''khasra'' documents are a useful source for hi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Karanam
Karanam (also spelled as Karnam), is a title and surname native to Indian states of Andhra Pradesh and Telangana. Traditionally, Karanam or Karnam was a title used by people who maintained the accounts and records of the villages and used in collecting taxes. The post was usually held by either Niyogi Brahmins or Karan Kayastha Bikauwa class of Maithil Brahmin or Deshastha Brahmins. The title ''Karanam'' is similar to Kulkarni in North Karnataka and Maharashtra and ''Shanbhaug'' in Karnataka. Notable people Notable people with the surname include: * Karanam Balaram Krishna Murthy - Indian politician from Andhra Pradesh. * Karanam Pavan Prasad - Indian author, artist and playwright in Kannada language. *Karnam Malleswari - Indian weightlifter. * Karnam Venkatachalam - Government official during British Raj The British Raj (; from Hindi ''rāj'': kingdom, realm, state, or empire) was the rule of the British Crown on the Indian subcontinent; * * it is also called Crown rule ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lekhpal
A Village accountant or Patwari (Punjab, Andhra Pradesh, Telangana, West Bengal), Talati (Gujarat, Karnataka, Maharashtra) or Lekhpal (Uttar Pradesh, Uttarakhand), is an administrative government position in rural areas of the Indian subcontinent. Introduced during the early 16th century, it was maintained by the British Raj. The official, as a representative of the state, is responsible for keeping land records, agricultural records and collecting taxes. History The ''patwar'' system, introduced to the Indian subcontinent during the rule of Sher Shah Suri, was further enhanced by the Mughal emperor Akbar. The East India Company and subsequently British crown continued with the system with some administrative changes. It denotes the office of the ''talati'' in rural Gujarat, Maharashtra and Karnataka. The office and its holder are known as Talatis, and holders of the office have adopted it as their family name. The ''talati'' replaced the ''kulkarni'' in Gujarat and Maharashtra. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Marathi Language
Marathi (; ''Marāṭhī'', ) is an Indo-Aryan languages, Indo-Aryan language predominantly spoken by Marathi people in the Indian state of Maharashtra. It is the official language of Maharashtra, and additional official language in the state of Goa. It is one of the 22 scheduled languages of India, with 83 million speakers as of 2011. Marathi ranks 11th in the List of languages by number of native speakers, list of languages with most native speakers in the world. Marathi has the List of languages by number of native speakers in India, third largest number of native speakers in India, after Hindi Language, Hindi and Bengali language, Bengali. The language has some of the oldest literature of all modern Indian languages. The major dialects of Marathi are Standard Marathi and the Varhadi dialect. Marathi distinguishes Clusivity, inclusive and exclusive forms of 'we' and possesses a three-way Grammatical gender, gender system, that features the neuter in addition to the masculine ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Munshi
Munshi is a Persian word, originally used for a contractor, writer, or secretary, and later used in the Mughal Empire and India for native language teachers, teachers of various subjects, especially administrative principles, religious texts, science, and philosophy and were also secretaries and translators employed by Europeans. Etymology Munshi ( fa, منشی) is a Persian word derived form Arabic, that is used as a respected title for persons who achieved mastery over languages, especially in the Indian subcontinent. It became a surname to those people whose ancestors had received this title and some of whom also served as ministers and administrators in the kingdoms of various Royals and are regarded as nobility. In modern Persian, this word is also used to address administrators, head of departments. Use by British Administrators, head of departments, accountants, and secretaries hired by the government in India were known as Munshies. The family name Munshi was adopted b ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Adverse Possession
Adverse possession, sometimes colloquially described as "squatter's rights", is a legal principle in the Common law, Anglo-American common law under which a person who does not have title (property), legal title to a piece of property—usually land (real property)—may acquire legal ownership based on continuous Possession (law), possession or occupation of the property without the permission (licence) of its legal owner. The possession by a person is not adverse if they are in possession as a Tenancy, tenant or licensee of the legal owner. In general, a property owner has the right to recover possession of their property from unauthorised possessors through legal action such as ejectment. However, in the English common law tradition, courts have long ruled that when someone occupies a piece of property without permission and the property's owner does not exercise their right to recover their property for a significant period of time, not only is the original owner prevented ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Daily Pioneer
''The Pioneer'' is an English-language daily newspaper in India. It is published from multiple locations in India, including Delhi. It is the second oldest English-language newspaper in India still in circulation after ''The Times of India''. In 2010, The Pioneer launched its Hindi version in Lucknow. Author Rudyard Kipling (1865-1936), in his early 20s, worked at the newspaper office in Allahabad as an assistant editor from November 1887 to March 1889. In July 1933, ''The Pioneer'' was sold to a syndicate and moved from Allahabad to Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, at which time the ''Pioneer Mail and India Weekly News'' ceased publication. The newspaper remained a primarily Lucknow-based paper until 1990, when it was purchased by the Thapar Group, under L. M. Thapar, who made it a national newspaper, published from Delhi, Lucknow, Bhubaneswar, Kochi, Bhopal, Chandigarh, Dehradun and Ranchi. Thapar sold the paper to its editor Chandan Mitra in 1998. At that time it had 484 employees. Mi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Andhra Pradesh
Andhra Pradesh (, abbr. AP) is a state in the south-eastern coastal region of India. It is the seventh-largest state by area covering an area of and tenth-most populous state with 49,386,799 inhabitants. It is bordered by Telangana to the north-west, Chhattisgarh to the north, Odisha to the north-east, Tamil Nadu to the south, Karnataka to the west and the Bay of Bengal to the east. It has the second longest coastline in India after Gujarat, of about . Andhra State was the first state to be formed on a linguistic basis in India on 1 October 1953. On 1 November 1956, Andhra State was merged with the Telugu-speaking areas (ten districts) of the Hyderabad State to form United Andhra Pradesh. ln 2014 these merged areas of Hyderabad State are bifurcated from United Andhra Pradesh to form new state Telangana . Present form of Andhra similar to Andhra state.but some mandalas like Bhadrachalam still with Telangana. Visakhapatnam, Guntur, Kurnool is People Capital of And ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tehsildar
In India and Pakistan, a Tehsildar or Mamlatdar is a tax officer accompanied by revenue inspectors. They are in charge of obtaining taxes from a tehsil with regard to land revenue. A tehsildar is also known as an executive magistrate of the relevant tehsil. The immediate subordinate of a tehsildar is known as a ''naib tehsildar''. This is akin to an additional deputy commissioner. Etymology The term is assumed to be of Mughal origin and is perhaps a union of the words "tehsil" and "dar". "Tehsil" is presumably an Arabic word meaning "revenue collection", and "dar" is a Persian word meaning "holder of a position". Mamlatdar is a synonymous term used in some Indian states that comes from the Hindi word ''māmala'' (मामला), which is derived from the Arabic ''muʿāmala'' (مُعَامَلَة – "conduct, dealing, handling"). India British rule During British rule, a tehsildar was most likely a stipendiary officer of the government, employed to raise revenue. The po ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
