The following are the basic measurements of land used in the

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, divided between

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and Pakistani Punjab and many parts of North

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and

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in ascending order.

Current standard measurement of farm land

All Units 1 karam X 1 karam = 1 sq. karam 5.5 feet X 5.5 feet = 30.25 sq. feet 30.25 square feet = 1 Sarsai 9 Sarsai (Sq. Karam) = 1 Marla 36 Sarsai (Sq. Karam) = 1 Biswa 20 Marlas = 1 Kanal 20 Biswas = 1 Bigha 4 Kanals = 1 Bigha 8 Kanals = 1 Killa(Acre) 2 Bighas = 1 Killa(Acre) 2.5 Killas(Acres) = 1 Hectare 25 Killas(Acres) = 1 Murabba This the current standard system of measurement of farm land.

Muraba-Killa-Bigha system

* one 'karam' is 5.5 ft * one 'Sq. Karam' is 'One Sarsai' = (5.5 x 5.5) = 30.25 Sq. Feet * one 'marla' is 9 (Sarsai) square karams = 9 x (5.5x5.5) = 272.25 Sq ft =30.25 Sq yard. * one 'kanaal' is 20 marlas (5,445 sq ft) = 605 Sq.yard (Gajz) * one 'bigha' is 20 biswa (21,780 sq ft) * one 'bigha' = 20 nisa * one 'bigha' = 4 kanals * 5 'kanaals' (27225 sq. ft) = 5x605 = 100 marla = 3025 sq.yd. (gajz) * one 'killa' is of 8 kanaals = 8x605 = 4840sq.yd. (gajz) * one 'murabba' is 25 killas (1,089,000 sq ft = 25 acres) * 1 hectare is 2.47 Acres *

Killa or acre measurements

A killa or acre is measured rectangularly, reckoned as an area 36 karams (198 ft) x 40 karams (220 ft) (43,560 square ft). 1 /5th of a killa or acre is known as bigha * 1 Karam = 5.5 feet = 1.83 # * ' ' or Gaj * 1 Yard or Gaj = 36 Inch = 0.91 Metre = 3 feet * 1 Sq Yard = 9 Sq Feet * To convert Sq feet to Sq Yard = Divide by 9 * 1 Marla is 30.25 Sq Yard ( 272.25 sq feet) * 1 Kanal is 605 sq Yard ( 5445 sq feet) * 1 Acre is 4840 Sq Yard

Units of measurements in
Sindh (Pakistan) Sindh (; ; ur, , ; historically romanized as Sind) is one of the four provinces of Pakistan. Located in the southeastern region of the country, Sindh is the third-largest province of Pakistan by land area and the second-largest province ...

Following are the current units of measurement in Sindh residential as well as open / agricultural land. * 1 Athaas = 4 Acres * 1 Acre = 2 Jarebs = 43,560 Sq.ft = 4,840 Sq.yd * 1 Jareb = 20 Wiswa = 21,780 Sq.ft = 2,420 Sq.yd * 1 Wiswa = 1089 Sq.ft = 121 Sq.yd = 33 x 33 feet

Measurements of residential properties

Kothis (residential homes) and

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(traditional mansions) are measured in marlas and kanaals. Most are two to four kanaals but the big ones can be anything from four to six kanaals.

Units of measurements in Haryana

Following are the current units of measurement as per

HALRIS HALRIS (Haryana Land Record Information System) is a Visual Basic/Microsoft SQL Server based software system used by the Haryana government for the computerisation of land records in its tehsils. It was developed by National Informatics Centre - H ...

.Haryana jamabandi Units of measurements
,

. Different areas have different size of Bigha, hence this system is no longer used since 1957 when it was replaced by the standardised Acre-Kanal-Marla based meter system. Acre-Kanal-Marla system (currently used, standardised metre system) * 1 Karam = 66 inch * 1 Sarsari = 1 Karam X 1 Karam * 9 Sarsari = 1 Marla * 20 Marla = 1 Kanal * 8 Kanal = 1 Acre (Ghumman) * 1 Acre = 36 Karam (north to south) X 40 Karam (east to west) Bigha-Biswa system conversion to current Acre system * 1 Karam = 57.157 inch * 1 Biswansi = 1 Karam X 1 Karam * 20 Biswansi = 1 Biswa * 20 Biswa = 1 Bigha * 4 Bigha और 16 Biswa = 1 Acre Killa-Biswa-Bigha system (old system, no longer used since 1957) * 1 Karam = 57.157 inch * 20 Biswansi = 1 Biswa * 20 Biswa = 1 Bigha * 4 Bigha = 1 Killa (40 Karam X 40 Karam)

Historic units of measurements

This measure was used in the revenue settlement of the districts of Delhi, Hisar,

Rohtak Rohtak () is a city and the administrative headquarters of the Rohtak district in the Indian state of Haryana. It lies north-west of New Delhi and south of the state capital Chandigarh on NH 9(old NH 10). Rohtak forms a part of the National ...

Ambala Ambala () is a city and a municipal corporation in Ambala district in the state of Haryana, India, located on the border with the Indian state of Punjab and in proximity to both states capital Chandigarh. Politically, Ambala has two sub-are ...

Karnal Karnal ( is a city located in the state of Haryana, India and is the administrative headquarters of Karnal District. It was used by East India Company army as a refuge during the Indian Rebellion of 1857 in Delhi. The Battle of Karnal between ...

Fazilka Fazilka, also known as Bangla, is a city and a municipal council in Fazilka district of Punjab, India. In 2011, it was made the headquarter of the newly created Fazilka district. The Trans-Afghanistan Pipeline (TAPI) project originating in Tu ...

Ferozepur Firozpur, also known as Ferozepur, is a city on the banks of the Sutlej River in Firozpur District, Punjab, India. After the partition of India in 1947, it became a border town on the India–Pakistan border with memorials to soldiers who died ...

and

Ludhiana Ludhiana ( ) is the most populous and the largest Cities in India, city in the Indian state of Punjab, India, Punjab. The city has an estimated population of 1,618,879 2011 Indian census, 2011 census and distributed over , making Ludhiana the ...

during British Raj.British raj measurements
/ref> This is now not used. * 1 Bigha = 0.20 acres or 4.8 Bighas = 1 acre

Historic measurements in Punjab

These are now outdated and have been standardised as above after the consolidation of land in Haryana and Punjab post-independence. * one biswa = 15 Sq karams; 12 biswas = 1 kanaal (605 gaz) * one bigha = 60 biswas - 3025 square yards - 2530 sq m

Consolidated areas

In all areas

settled A settler is a person who has migrated to an area and established a permanent residence there, often to colonize the area. A settler who migrates to an area previously uninhabited or sparsely inhabited may be described as a pioneer. Settle ...

and consolidated on the basis of the standard measure of 66 inches i.e. Karam or Gatha: * 1 Sq. Karam or Sarsahi 3.0896352 Sq.yds say 30.56 * 9 Sarsahies or 1 Marla 30.249999 Sq.yds say 30.25 Sq.yds. * 20 Marlas or 1 Kanal 604.99996 Sq.yds say 605 Sq.yds. * 160 Marlas or 8 Kanals 4839.99998 Sq.yds.say 4840 Sq.yds. (1 acre or 1 killa)

Non-consolidated areas

These areas have been all consolidated as per the standard system now. These are older measurements from during the

British Raj The British Raj (; from Hindi ''rāj'': kingdom, realm, state, or empire) was the rule of the British Crown on the Indian subcontinent; * * it is also called Crown rule in India, * * * * or Direct rule in India, * Quote: "Mill, who was himsel ...

prior to these areas were consolidated. In the areas consolidated on the basis of the local measUte and the non-consolidated areas of Amritsar, Gurdaspur, (except Shahpur Hill Circle and Chak Andar in Pathankot tehsil), Ferozepur (except Fazilka) and the erstwhile princely State of Faridkot. Also applicable for Lahore (Pakistan): * 1 Karam 60 inches * 1 Sq. Karam or Sarsahi 2.777777 Sq. yds. * 9 Sarsahies or 1 Marla 24.999999 Sq. yards say 25 Sq.yards. * 20 Marlas or 1 Kanal 499.9999 Sq. yards say 500 Sq.yards * 193.60 Marlas (9 Kanals1 Acre or 4840 Sq.yds 13 Marlas 5 Sarsahis)

Consolidated areas based on non-standard measures

In the areas consolidated on the basis of the local measure and the non-consolidated areas of Hoshiarpur, Jalandhar, Anandpur Sahib (Ropar) and the Shahpur hill Circle in Gurdaspur District during the British Raj. * 1 Karam 57.5 inches * 1 Sq. Karam or Sarsahi 2.5511188 Sq.yds. * 9 Sarsahies or 1 Marla 22.960069 Sq.yards say 22.96 Sq.yds * 20 Marlas or 1 Kanal 459.20138 Sq.yards say 459 Sq.yards. * 210.8 Marlas 10.54 Kanals 1 Acre or 4840 Sq.yds

Consolidated areas based on non-standard measures in erstwhile princely State of Kapurthala

In the area consolidated on the basis of the local measure and the non-consolidated areas of the erstwhile princely State of Kapurthala: * 1 Karam 54 inches * 1 Sq. Karam or Sarsahi = 2.25 Sq.yds. * 9 Sarsahies or 1 Marla = 20.25 Sq.yards * 20 Marlas or 1 Kanal = 405 Sq.yards. * 239 Marlas(11 Kanals 19 Marlas) = 1 Acre or 4840 Sq.yds. 1 Karam or Gat ha x 1 Karam or Gatha 1 Sq. Karam or Biswansi 20 Biswansis 1 Biswa 20 Biswa 1 Satty 2

Meaning of Terms used in Mutation (Jamabandi/Farad

For Agricultural Land * Gair Mumkin: Not useful for cultivation e.g mountainous etc * Chahi: Irrigated by tubewells * Khudkasht: Cultivated by self, not given to someone else.

References

{{reflist Units of measurement Punjab Economic history of India Economic history of Pakistan Metrication