|
Shadripu
In Hindu theology, Arishadvarga or Shadripu/Shada Ripu ( sa, षड्रिपु; meaning the six enemies) are the six enemies of the mind, which are: ''Kama'' (desire), '' krodha'' (anger), ''lobha'' (greed), ''Mada'' (arrogance), '' moha'' (delusion), and '' matsarya'' (jealousy); the negative characteristics of which prevent man from attaining ''moksha''. Enemies of the true Self/Soul These are the fundamental tenets of Kali Yuga . The more each individual fights them, the longer will be the life of ''Dharma'' in this yuga. # Lust or desire for sensual pleasure – – ''Kama'' # Anger – – ''Krodha'' # Greed – – ''Lobha'' # Delusion or infatuation – – '' Moha'' # Arrogance or pride – – ''Mada'' # Jealousy – – '' Matsarya'' According to Hindu scriptures, these bind the soul to the cycle of birth and death and keep it confined in this material world (confines of Maya or relative existence). Especially the first three are said to pave the way to ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ahamkara
Ahaṁkāra (Sanskrit: अहंकार), 'I-making' is a Sanskrit term in Saṃkhyā philosophy that refers to the identification of Self or Being with 'Nature' or any impermanent 'thing'. Reference in Bhagavad Gita Ahaṁkāra is one of the four parts of the Antahkarana (inner organ) described in Vedanta; the other three parts include Buddhi, Citta, and Manas. In the Uttara Mimamsa or Vedanta branch of Hindu philosophy, though not extensively discussed in the Bhagavad Gita, Krishna informs Arjuna that Ahaṁkāra, be removed. Krishna mentions that "Air, water, earth, fire, sky, mind, intelligence and ahankara (ego) together constitute the nature created by me." In other words, Ahaṁkāra must subordinate to the Lord. The reasoning provided was that since the self is not (cannot be) perceived when one is in a state of Ahaṁkāra, effaced, it should be. Philosophical implications Vedic philosophy also teaches that when one's mind is in a state of Ahaṁkāra, one is in ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kama
''Kama'' (Sanskrit ) means "desire, wish, longing" in Hindu, Buddhist, Jain, and Sikh literature.Monier Williamsकाम, kāmaMonier-Williams Sanskrit English Dictionary, pp 271, see 3rd column Kama often connotes sensual pleasure, sexual desire, and longing both in religious and secular Hindu and Buddhist literature, as well as contemporary Indian literature, but the concept more broadly refers to any desire, wish, passion, longing, pleasure of the senses, desire for, longing to and after, the aesthetic enjoyment of life, affection, or love, enjoyment of love is particularly with or without enjoyment of sexual, sensual and erotic desire, and may be without sexual connotations. Kama is one of the four goals of human life and is also contemplated as one of the primary needs to fulfill during the stages of life according to the Hindu tradition. It is considered an essential and healthy goal of human life when pursued without sacrificing the other three goals: Dharma (virtu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Maya (illusion)
''Maya'' (; Devanagari: , IAST: ), literally "illusion" or "magic", has multiple meanings in Indian philosophies depending on the context. In later Vedic texts, connotes a "magic show, an illusion where things appear to be present but are not what they seem"; the principle which shows "attributeless Absolute" as having "attributes". also connotes that which "is constantly changing and thus is spiritually unreal" (in opposition to an unchanging Absolute, or Brahman), and therefore "conceals the true character of spiritual reality".Lynn Foulston and Stuart Abbott (2009), ''Hindu Goddesses: Beliefs and Practices'', Sussex Academic Press, , pp. 14-16. In the Advaita Vedanta school of Hindu philosophy, , "appearance", is "the powerful force that creates the cosmic illusion that the phenomenal world is real." In this nondualist school, at the individual level appears as the lack of knowledge () of the real Self, ''Atman-Brahman'', mistakingly identifying with the body-mind comp ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kleshas (Buddhism)
Kleshas ( sa, क्लेश, kleśa; pi, किलेस ''kilesa''; bo, ཉོན་མོངས། ''nyon mongs''), in Buddhism, are mental states that cloud the mind and manifest in unwholesome actions. ''Kleshas'' include states of mind such as anxiety, fear, anger, jealousy, desire, depression, etc. Contemporary translators use a variety of English words to translate the term ''kleshas'', such as: afflictions, defilements, destructive emotions, disturbing emotions, negative emotions, mind poisons, neurosis etc. In the contemporary Mahayana and Theravada Buddhist traditions, the three kleshas of ignorance, attachment, and aversion are identified as the root or source of all other kleshas. These are referred to as the ''three poisons'' in the Mahayana tradition, or as the three ''unwholesome roots'' in the Theravada tradition. While the early Buddhist texts of the Pali canon do not specifically enumerate the three root kleshas, over time the ''three poisons'' (and the klesh ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kleshas (Hinduism)
Kleśa ( sa, क्लेश, also ''klesha'') is a term from Indian philosophy and yoga, meaning a "poison". The third of the second chapter of Patañjali's ''Yoga sūtras'' explicitly identifies Five Poisons (): Translated into English, these five () s or afflictions () are: * Ignorance (in the form of a misapprehension about reality) (), * egoism (in the form of an erroneous identification of the Self with the intellect) (), * attachment (), * aversion (), and * fear of death (which is derived from clinging ignorantly to life) (). The 24th sutra of the first chapter, Samadhi Pada, Patanjali describes a purusha free of kleshas: See also * Kleshas (Buddhism) * Maya (illusion) ''Maya'' (; Devanagari: , IAST: ), literally "illusion" or "magic", has multiple meanings in Indian philosophies depending on the context. In later Vedic texts, connotes a "magic show, an illusion where things appear to be present but are not ... References Further reading * * Hindu philo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kashaya (Jainism)
In Jainism, ''Kashaya'' (loose translation: ''Passion'') are aspects of a person that can be gained during their worldly life. According to the Jaina religion as long as a person has Kashayas, they will not escape the cycle of life and death. There are four different kind of Kashayas, each being able to gain their own kinds of intensity. Overview According to the Jain text ''Sarvārthasiddhi'', "He who has passions causes injury to himself by himself. Whether injury is then caused to other living beings or not, it is immaterial." Spiritually, the goal of Jainism is to rid oneself of the worldly life and become free from the cycle of reincarnation. When one develops attachment or passions, this hinders the spiritual progress of their soul. Jainas believe that by reacting without passion and staying tranquil, one can break the cycle which forms more karma. The Four Kashayas The four ''kasaya'' are: ''krodha'' (anger), ''lobha'' (greed), ''mana'' (ego) and ''maya'' (deceit). ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Five Thieves
In Sikhism, the Five Thieves (Punjabi: ਪੰਜ ਚੋਰ ''paja cōra''), also called the five vices (Punjabi: ਪੰਜ ਬੁਰਾਈਆਂ ''paja burā'ī'āṁ''), are the five major weaknesses of the human personality at variance with its spiritual essence, and are known as "thieves" because they steal a person's inherent common sense. These five thieves are kaam (lust), krodh (wrath), lobh (greed), moh (attachment) and ahankar (ego or excessive pride). See also * Ahankar * Kam * Krodh * Lobh * Moh * Six Enemies (Hinduism) * Kashaya (Jainism) * Kleshas (Buddhism) * Five hindrances (Buddhism) References Further reading * Sher Singh, '' The Philosophy of Sikhism''. Shiromani Gurdwara Parbandhak Committee The Shiromani Gurdwara Parbandhak Committee ( SGPC; "Supreme Gurdwara Management Committee") is an organization in India responsible for the management of Gurdwaras, Sikh places of worship in states of Punjab and Himachal Pradesh and the union ... * Nirbhai S ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ātman (Hinduism)
''Ātman'' (; sa, आत्मन्) is a Sanskrit word that refers to the (universal) Self or self-existent essence of individuals, as distinct from ego ('' Ahamkara''), mind (''Citta'') and embodied existence (''Prakṛti''). The term is often translated as soul, but is better translated as "Self," as it solely refers to pure consciousness or witness-consciousness, beyond identification with phenomena. In order to attain moksha (liberation), a human being must acquire self-knowledge ('' Atma Gyaan or Brahmajnana''). ''Atman'' is a central concept in the various schools of Indian philosophy, which have different views on the relation between ''Atman'', individual Self ('' Jīvātman''), supreme Self ('' Paramātmā'') and, the Ultimate Reality (''Brahman''), stating that they are: completely identical (Advaita, Non-Dualist), completely different ( Dvaita, Dualist), or simultaneously non-different and different (Bhedabheda, Non-Dualist + Dualist). The six orthodox schools ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ānanda (Hindu Philosophy)
''Ānanda'' (Sanskrit: आनन्द) literally means bliss or happiness. In the Hindu Vedas, Upanishads and Bhagavad gita, ānanda signifies eternal bliss which accompanies the ending of the rebirth cycle. Those who renounce the fruits of their actions and submit themselves completely to the divine will, arrive at the final termination of the cyclical life process (''saṃsāra'') to enjoy eternal bliss (''ānanda'') in perfect union with the godhead. The tradition of seeking union with God through loving commitment is referred to as ''bhakti'', or devotion. Etymology ''Ānanda'' is a Sanskrit word regarded as a verbal noun ''nanda'' prefixed with ''ā''. ''ā'' indicates the place where the verbal action occurs; for example, ''āsrama'', where one toils, ''ārama'', where one enjoys oneself, ''ākara'', where things are scattered, etc. The word ''ānanda'' thus implies a locus, that in which one finds bliss, be it a son, the fulfillment of a wish, the knowledge of ''brahma ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Krodha (Mental Factor)
Krodha (; Tibetan Wylie: ''khro ba'') is a Buddhist term that is translated as "fury", "rage", or "indignation". Within the Mahayana Abhidharma tradition, ''krodha'' is identified as one of the twenty subsidiary unwholesome mental factors. It is defined as an increase of anger (Sanskrit: ''pratigha'') that causes one to prepare to harm others.Guenther (1975), Kindle Locations 862-871.Kunsang (2004), p. 27. According to Herber Guenther, the difference between anger (''pratigha'') and fury (''krodha'') is that anger is a vindictive or hostile attitude in one's mind, but fury is an increase in anger when the chance for harming is at hand and is it very agitated state of mind leading to actual physical harm. Alexander Berzin states: :Hatred (khro-ba) is a part of hostility (dvesha) and is the harsh intention to cause harm.Berzin (2006) Note that according to Berzin, ''dvesha'' is a sub-category of anger (''pratigha''). See also * Kleshas (Buddhism) * Mental factors (Buddhism) * W ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lobha
Raga (Sanskrit: राग, IAST: ; Pali ; Tibetan: ) is a Buddhist and Hindu concept of character affliction or poison referring to any form of "greed, sensuality, lust, desire" or "attachment to a sensory object". Raga is represented in the Buddhist artwork (Sanskrit: '' bhāvacakra'') as the bird or rooster. In Hinduism, it is one of the five Kleshas or poisons that afflict the soul. In Buddhism, Raga is identified in the following contexts:Guenther (1975), Kindle Locations 715-718. * One of the three poisons within the Mahayana Buddhist tradition * One of the ''three unwholesome roots'' within the Theravada Buddhist tradition * One of the six root kleshas within the Mahayana Abhidharma teachings * One of the fourteen unwholesome mental factors within the Theravada Abhidharma teachings Definitions literally means 'color or hue' in Sanskrit, but appears in Buddhist texts as a form of blemish, personal impurity or fundamental character affliction. The term Raga also refers to ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
