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Selenosteidae
Selenosteidae is an extinct family of small to large-sized arthrodire placoderms from the Late Devonian. With the exception of the Chinese ''Phymosteus'', selenosteids lived in shallow seas in what is now Eastern North America (the Cleveland Shale), Eastern Europe (Holy Cross Mountains, Poland, and the Kellwasserkalk fauna of Bad Wildungen), and Northeastern Africa (the Anti-Atlas Mountains, Morocco). Selenosteids have, in cross section, a rounded body, a blunt snout, and tremendous orbits. The lower jaws were slender, the inferognathals usually either being finely serrated, or adapted for crushing, though, in '' Draconichthys'', the inferognathals had long prongs for seizing prey. The rostrum is very small. Taxonomy Selenosteidae is a member of the clade Aspinothoracidi, which belongs to the clade Pachyosteomorphi, one of the two major clades within Eubrachythoraci. ''Gorgonichthys'' is closely related to the family Selenosteidae, and could possibly be included in the family. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pachyosteus
''Pachyosteus'' is an extinct monospecific genus of medium-sized selenosteid arthrodire placoderm known from the Upper Frasnian Kellwasserkalk facies of Late Devonian Bad Wildungen, Germany and from the Famennian portions of the Holy Cross Mountains of Poland. The type species ''Pachyosteus bulla'' has a broad skull about long, a comparatively long median dorsal plate, and a short rostral plate that meets the pineal plate. Phylogeny ''Pachyosteus'' is a member of the family Selenosteidae of the clade Aspinothoracidi, which belongs to the clade Pachyosteomorphi, one of the two major clades within Eubrachythoraci. The cladogram below shows the phylogeny of ''Pachyosteus'': In his cladogram, Rücklin (2011) regards ''Pachyosteus bulla'' as a basal selenosteid, being the sister taxon of the American genera, and the Kellwasserkalk genera of Germany and Morocco Morocco (),, ) officially the Kingdom of Morocco, is the westernmost country in the Maghreb region of North ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Stenosteus
''Stenosteus'' is an extinct monospecific genus of medium-sized selenosteid arthrodire placoderms of the Late Devonian period known from the Upper Famennian Cleveland Shale of Ohio. Estimated skull lengths range from 6 to 9 centimeters Most fossils of ''Stenosteus'' have been scraps of armor and portions of tooth-plates suggestive of ''Selenosteus''. In 1996, enough material of a new species, ''S. angustopectus'', was recovered to allow a reconstruction of armor that resembles that of ''Selenosteus''. Phylogeny ''Stenosteus'' is a member of the family Selenosteidae of the clade Aspinothoracidi, which belongs to the clade Pachyosteomorphi, one of the two major clades within Eubrachythoraci. The cladogram below shows the phylogeny A phylogenetic tree (also phylogeny or evolutionary tree Felsenstein J. (2004). ''Inferring Phylogenies'' Sinauer Associates: Sunderland, MA.) is a branching diagram or a tree showing the evolutionary relationships among various biological spec ... ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Rhinosteus
''Rhinosteus'' is an extinct genus of small to medium selenosteid arthrodire placoderms of the Late Devonian known from the Upper Frasnian Kellwasserkalk facies of Bad Wildungen, Germany and Morocco. Description ''Rhinosteus'' is a typical genus of Kellwasserkalk selenosteids, with short cheeks, and slender inferognathal (lower jaw) plates. However, two of the species, ''R. traquairi'' and ''R. tuberculatus'', have long, pointed rostrums, and tubercles on the plates. In ''R. traquairi'', the rostrum is sharply pointed, extending beyond the snout, and the tubercles are small and irregularly placed. In ''R. tuberculatus'', the rostrum is bluntly pointed, and the tubercles are large and plentiful. The species ''R. parvulus'' has a blunt rostrum that does not extend beyond the snout, and lacks tuberculation altogether. The average skull length of ''R. traquairi'' is about 11 centimetres. The average skull length of ''R. tuberculatus'' is 15 centimetres, while that of ''R. parvulus'' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Brachyosteus
''Brachyosteus'' is an extinct genus of arthrodire placoderm from the Late Frasnian stage of the Late Devonian period. Fossils are found from Bad Wildungen, Germany. Phylogeny ''Brachyosteus'' is a member of the family Selenosteidae of the clade Aspinothoracidi, which belongs to the clade Pachyosteomorphi, one of the two major clades within Eubrachythoraci. The cladogram below shows the phylogeny A phylogenetic tree (also phylogeny or evolutionary tree Felsenstein J. (2004). ''Inferring Phylogenies'' Sinauer Associates: Sunderland, MA.) is a branching diagram or a tree showing the evolutionary relationships among various biological spec ... of ''Brachyosteus'': References Selenosteidae Placoderm genera {{Placoderm-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Braunosteus
''Braunosteus schmidti'' is a medium-sized selenosteid arthrodire placoderm known from the Upper Frasnian Kellwasserkalk facies of Late Devonian Bad Wildungen, Germany. ''B. schmidti'' has a broad skull about 9 centimeters long, and a short, but pointed rostrum. Its appearance is very similar to that of the basal selenosteid ''Pachyosteus''. It was originally placed within a monotypic family, "Braunosteidae," by Erik Stensiö Prof Erik Helge Osvald Stensiö HFRSE (2 October 1891 – 11 January 1984) was a Sweden, Swedish paleozoology, paleozoologist. He later took his new surname from his place of origin and is occasionally referred to with both names (as Erik Ander ... in 1959. Obruchev (1964) and Miles (1969) placed it within the Trematosteidae due to the presence of a postpineal fenestra. Denison (1978) has ''B. schmidti'' placed within Selenosteidae, noting that other arthrodires in addition to trematosteids have postpineal fenestrae, as well as similar anatomy of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gymnotrachelus
''Gymnotrachelus'' is an extinct monospecific genus of large selenosteid arthrodire placoderm of the Late Devonian known from the Late Famennian Cleveland Shale of Ohio. The type species ''Gymnotrachelus hydei'' was originally reconstructed as physically resembling ''Selenosteus'', with slightly smaller orbits (i.e., having a broad, box-like head). Later specimens led to a reappraisal, and now ''G. hydei'' is thought to have a more gar-like or barracuda-like build. Phylogeny ''Gymnotrachelus'' is a member of the family Selenosteidae of the clade Aspinothoracidi, which belongs to the clade Pachyosteomorphi, one of the two major clades within Eubrachythoraci. The cladogram below shows the phylogeny A phylogenetic tree (also phylogeny or evolutionary tree Felsenstein J. (2004). ''Inferring Phylogenies'' Sinauer Associates: Sunderland, MA.) is a branching diagram or a tree showing the evolutionary relationships among various biological spec ... of ''Gymnotrachelus'': Referenc ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Heintzichthys
''Heintzichthys'' is an extinct monospecific genus of arthrodire placoderm that lived what is now Europe and North America during the Famennian stage of the Late Devonian period. The type specimen was discovered in the Cleveland Shale near Cleveland, Ohio, in the United States. Phylogeny ''Heintzichthys'' is a member of the family Selenosteidae of the clade Aspinothoracidi, which belongs to the clade Pachyosteomorphi, one of the two major clades within Eubrachythoraci. The cladogram below shows the phylogeny A phylogenetic tree (also phylogeny or evolutionary tree Felsenstein J. (2004). ''Inferring Phylogenies'' Sinauer Associates: Sunderland, MA.) is a branching diagram or a tree showing the evolutionary relationships among various biological spec ... of ''Heintzichthys'': References Selenosteidae Arthrodire genera Placoderms of Europe Placoderms of North America Late Devonian animals {{Placoderm-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Melanosteus
''Melanosteus'' is an extinct genus of small (skull about 5 centimeters long) selenosteid arthrodire placoderms of the Late Devonian period known from the Upper Frasnian Montagne Noire of Southern France. Rücklin (2011) regards ''Melanosteus'' as the sister taxon of ''Rhinosteus''. During the Frasnian stage, ''Melanosteus occitanus'' lived off the coast of an island continent, "Armorica," which consisted of portions of what would become Southern France. Etymology The generic name literally translates as "black bone," the color referring to the translation of Montagne Noire, or "Black Mountains." The specific name refers to Occitania, the region of Southern France where the fossils were found. Phylogeny ''Melanosteus'' is a member of the family Selenosteidae of the clade Aspinothoracidi, which belongs to the clade Pachyosteomorphi, one of the two major clades within Eubrachythoraci. The cladogram below shows the phylogeny A phylogenetic tree (also phylogeny or evolutionar ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Paramylostoma
''Paramylostoma arcualis'' is an extinct selenosteid arthrodire placoderm from the Late Famennian Cleveland Shale of Late Devonian Ohio. It has a compressed, box-like head and thoracic armor, and large, rounded orbits. However, in comparison with other selenosteids, such as ''Selenosteus'', ''P. arcualis orbits were rather small. ''P. arcualis'' had smooth jaws that suggest the animal was durophagous Durophagy is the eating behavior of animals that consume hard-shelled or exoskeleton bearing organisms, such as corals, shelled mollusks, or crabs. It is mostly used to describe fish, but is also used when describing reptiles, including fossil tu .... References Selenosteidae Placoderms of North America Fossil taxa described in 1945 Paleontology in Ohio Famennian life Famennian genus first appearances Famennian genus extinctions {{Placoderm-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Selenosteus
''Selenosteus brevis'' is an extinct large selenosteid arthrodire placoderm known from the Famennian Cleveland Shale of Ohio. Scrappy remains from the Frasnian Rhinestreet Shales of Erie County, New York, were attributed by Hussakof and Bryant to this genus in 1919, but, this identification is doubtful. A second species, ''S. kepleri'', was described in 1901, but, not enough differences can be seen between its specimens, and those of the type species to warrant new species status. According to its generally scrappy fossils, ''S. brevis'' had a wide skull with tremendous orbits. And as typical for selenosteids, ''S. brevis'' had weak gnathal plates. The median dorsal plate is crescent-shaped, and has a keel. The average length of the skull is about 16 centimetres from the tip of the rostrum to the posterior border of the nuchal The nape is the back of the neck. In technical anatomical/medical terminology, the nape is also called the nucha (from the Medieval Latin rendering ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Walterosteus
''Walterosteus'' is an extinct genus of small selenosteid arthrodire placoderms known from the Upper Frasnian Kellwasserkalk facies of Late Devonian Germany and Morocco. ''Walterosteus'' is very similar to the other Kellwasserkalk selenosteids. This similarity lead Denison (1978) to synonymize the genus, together with ''Ottonosteus'' (''O. jaekeli'' = ''E. hermanni''), into '' Enseosteus'', claiming that the former two genera are too similar to ''Enseosteus'' to merit separate genus status. Rücklin (2011) agrees with Denison's synonymizing of ''Ottonosteus'', but rejects Denison's synonymization of ''Walterosteus'', claiming how ''Walterosteus'' has a contact between the rostral plate Plate may refer to: Cooking * Plate (dishware), a broad, mainly flat vessel commonly used to serve food * Plates, tableware, dishes or dishware used for setting a table, serving food and dining * Plate, the content of such a plate (for example: ... and the pineal plate, which ''Enseosteus'' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Phymosteus
''Phymosteus liui'' is an extinct large selenosteid arthrodire placoderm known from the Lower Famennian Xiejingshi Formation of Shimen County, Hunan province, in central China. The holotype A holotype is a single physical example (or illustration) of an organism, known to have been used when the species (or lower-ranked taxon) was formally described. It is either the single such physical example (or illustration) or one of several ... and only known specimen of ''P. liui'' is a V-shaped median dorsal plate with a distinctive texture. Because the fossil is incomplete, its exact relationship to the other selenosteids can not be satisfactorily determined. References Selenosteidae Placoderms of Asia Arthrodira enigmatic taxa {{Placoderm-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
