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Salticoida
Salticoida is an unranked clade of the jumping spider family Salticidae. It is the larger and more widespread of the two subdivisions of the "typical" jumping spiders (subfamily Salticinae), occurring effectively world-wide. Its sister clade is Amycoida, which is also very diverse ecologically but has a mostly South American distribution. Systematics and evolution Salticoida includes the bulk of extant jumping spider diversity, with over 400 genera organized phylogenetically into 18 tribes according to Wayne Maddison's 2015 proposal. The age and origin of the Salticoida are not well determined. Certainly, by the late Paleogene the major lineages were recognizably distinct as indicated by the fossil evidence and molecular phylogeny. Thus, the salticoids presumably originated during or around the PETM or a bit earlier, but no corresponding fossils have been found yet. Their sister lineage, the Amycoida, probably originated by dispersal across the ocean to South America, wh ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Salticinae
Salticinae is a subfamily of jumping spiders (family Salticidae). It includes over 90% of the known species of jumping spiders. The subfamily is divided into two unranked clades: Amycoida and Salticoida. Description Members of the subfamily Salticinae have a number of features in common that distinguish them from the remaining salticids. Females lack a tarsal claw on the pedipalp. The palpal bulb of male basal salticids has a distinctive median apophysis, which is absent in the subfamily, and the cymbium is constricted at the tibial joint. Members also have a more complex tracheal system, which may be connected with their movements, which are more abrupt than other salticids, giving them a recognizable gait. Taxonomy Phylogeny The relationships among the basal salticids are not yet fully resolved; summary cladograms published in both 2014 and 2015 show unresolved branching for five basal subfamilies. However, Hisponinae is resolved as sister to Salticinae, which is the mo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pseudosynagelides
''Pseudosynagelides'' is a spider genus of the jumping spider family, Salticidae. The genera '' Agorius'' and '' Synagelides'' (and perhaps ''Pseudosynagelides'') are separated as a genus group, sometimes called subfamily Agoriinae but more recently downranked to tribe Agoriini of the Salticoida clade in subfamily Salticinae. Name The genus name is combined of Greek ''pseudo'' "false" and the salticid genus name '' Synagelides''. Species * '' Pseudosynagelides australensis'' Zabka, 1991 – Queensland * '' Pseudosynagelides bunya'' Zabka, 1991 – Queensland * '' Pseudosynagelides elae'' Zabka, 1991 – Queensland * '' Pseudosynagelides monteithi'' Zabka, 1991 – Queensland * '' Pseudosynagelides raveni'' Zabka, 1991 – Queensland, New South Wales ) , nickname = , image_map = New South Wales in Australia.svg , map_caption = Location of New South Wales in AustraliaCoordinates: , subdivision_type = Country , subdivision_name = Australia , established_title = Befo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Synagelides
''Synagelides'' is a genus of Asian jumping spiders that was first described by W. Bösenberg & Embrik Strand in 1906. This genus and '' Agorius'' (and perhaps ''Pseudosynagelides'') are separated as a genus group, sometimes called subfamily Agoriinae, but more recently downranked to tribe Agoriini of the Salticoida clade in subfamily Salticinae. Species it contains sixty-six species, found only in Asia: *'' Synagelides agoriformis'' Strand, 1906 ( type) – Russia (Far East), China, Korea, Japan *'' Synagelides angustus'' Li, Wang & Peng, 2021 – China *'' Synagelides annae'' Bohdanowicz, 1979 – China, Japan *'' Synagelides bagmaticus'' Logunov & Hereward, 2006 – Nepal *'' Synagelides birmanicus'' Bohdanowicz, 1987 – Myanmar *'' Synagelides bohdanowiczi'' Wang, Mi, Irfan & Peng, 2020 – China *'' Synagelides brahmaputra'' Caleb, Chatterjee, Tyagi, Kundu & Kumar, 2018 – India *'' Synagelides cavaleriei'' (Schenkel, 1963) – China *'' Synagelides darjeelingus'' Loguno ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Agorius
''Agorius'' is a genus of spiders in the family Salticidae (jumping spiders). The genera ''Agorius'' and ''Synagelides'' (and perhaps ''Pseudosynagelides'') are separated as a genus group, sometimes called subfamily Agoriinae but more recently downranked to tribe Agoriini of the Salticoida clade in subfamily Salticinae. History ''Agorius'' was first described by Tamerlan Thorell in 1877. No new species were described for about one hundred years, with seven new species found in the twenty-first century. Undescribed species have been found in Malaysia and Sabah. Several more species have been found but not yet described. Description Both sexes are about six to eight mm long. ''Agorius'' is similar to ''Myrmarachne'', another good ant mimic, but can be distinguished from it by having no large, forward-pointing chelicerae, and is not found on vegetation above the ground, but only in rain forest leaf litter. ''A. borneensis'', ''A. formicinus'', ''A. saaristoi'' and ''A. semirufus' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Amycoida
Amycoida is an unranked clade of the jumping spider family Salticidae. It is the smaller and less widespread of the two subdivisions of the "typical" jumping spiders (subfamily Salticinae), occurring mainly in the New World, particularly the Amazon basin. Its sister clade is the Salticoida. Subdivisions Amycoida is divided into nine tribes, with about 63 genera (two of which are unplaced in a tribe) and about 430 described species. Many more species are thought to be undescribed as yet. Sitticini has the largest number of species (about 120). It is the only tribe to have reached the Old World, particularly the genus '' Attulus'' (formerly ''Sitticus''). Amycini has the next largest number of species (about 110). Amycines are mostly foliage-dwellers. Many are excellent jumpers; Wayne Maddison Wayne Paul Maddison , is a professor and Canada Research Chair at the departments of zoology and botany at the University of British Columbia, and the Director of the Spencer Entomological ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Habronattus Mexicanus
''Habronattus mexicanus'' is a species of jumping spider in the genus '' Habronattus''. The species was first identified in 1896 in Mexico, after which it is named, originally allocated to the genus '' Habrocestum''. The species has subsequently been identified in locations in North and Central America, as well as islands in the Caribbean Sea. The spider is small, but displays one of the most complex sexual displays, including sophisticated vibatory song patterns. Description ''Habronattus mexicanus'' is a small brown jumping spider. The male and female are generally similar in size and appearance. It is distinguished by the iridescent scales on its Clypeus and more scales evenly distributed on its chelicerae. At the end of the pedipalp, the palpal bulb of the male spider has an embolus that sticks out at 200 degrees. The spiders undertake complex vibatory song patterns as part of their courtship, which is one of the most complicated sexual displays amongst all animals. Taxonomy ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
North America
North America is a continent in the Northern Hemisphere and almost entirely within the Western Hemisphere. It is bordered to the north by the Arctic Ocean, to the east by the Atlantic Ocean, to the southeast by South America and the Caribbean Sea, and to the west and south by the Pacific Ocean. Because it is on the North American Plate, North American Tectonic Plate, Greenland is included as a part of North America geographically. North America covers an area of about , about 16.5% of Earth's land area and about 4.8% of its total surface. North America is the third-largest continent by area, following Asia and Africa, and the list of continents and continental subregions by population, fourth by population after Asia, Africa, and Europe. In 2013, its population was estimated at nearly 579 million people in List of sovereign states and dependent territories in North America, 23 independent states, or about 7.5% of the world's population. In Americas (terminology)#Human ge ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Relict (biology)
In biogeography and paleontology, a relict is a population or taxon of organisms that was more widespread or more diverse in the past. A relictual population is a population currently inhabiting a restricted area whose range was far wider during a previous geologic epoch. Similarly, a relictual taxon is a taxon (e.g. species or other lineage) which is the sole surviving representative of a formerly diverse group. Definition A relict (or relic) plant or animal is a taxon that persists as a remnant of what was once a diverse and widespread population. Relictualism occurs when a widespread habitat or range changes and a small area becomes cut off from the whole. A subset of the population is then confined to the available hospitable area, and survives there while the broader population either shrinks or evolves divergently. This phenomenon differs from endemism in that the range of the population was not always restricted to the local region. In other words, the species or group did n ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Basal (evolution)
In phylogenetics, basal is the direction of the ''base'' (or root) of a rooted phylogenetic tree or cladogram. The term may be more strictly applied only to nodes adjacent to the root, or more loosely applied to nodes regarded as being close to the root. Note that extant taxa that lie on branches connecting directly to the root are not more closely related to the root than any other extant taxa. While there must always be two or more equally "basal" clades sprouting from the root of every cladogram, those clades may differ widely in taxonomic rank, species diversity, or both. If ''C'' is a basal clade within ''D'' that has the lowest rank of all basal clades within ''D'', ''C'' may be described as ''the'' basal taxon of that rank within ''D''. The concept of a ' key innovation' implies some degree of correlation between evolutionary innovation and diversification. However, such a correlation does not make a given case predicable, so ancestral characters should not be imputed to th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Australasia
Australasia is a region that comprises Australia, New Zealand and some neighbouring islands in the Pacific Ocean. The term is used in a number of different contexts, including geopolitically, physiogeographically, philologically, and ecologically, where the term covers several slightly different, but related regions. Derivation and definitions Charles de Brosses coined the term (as French ''Australasie'') in ''Histoire des navigations aux terres australes'' (1756). He derived it from the Latin for "south of Asia" and differentiated the area from Polynesia (to the east) and the southeast Pacific (Magellanica). In the late 19th century, the term Australasia was used in reference to the "Australasian colonies". In this sense it related specifically to the British colonies south of Asia: New South Wales, Queensland, South Australia, Tasmania, Western Australia, Victoria (i.e., the Australian colonies) and New Zealand. Australasia found continued geopolitical attention in the earl ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Southeast Asia
Southeast Asia, also spelled South East Asia and South-East Asia, and also known as Southeastern Asia, South-eastern Asia or SEA, is the geographical United Nations geoscheme for Asia#South-eastern Asia, south-eastern region of Asia, consisting of the regions that are situated south of mainland China, east of the Indian subcontinent, and north-west of mainland Australia. Southeast Asia is bordered to the north by East Asia, to the west by South Asia and the Bay of Bengal, to the east by Oceania and the Pacific Ocean, and to the south by Australia (continent), Australia and the Indian Ocean. Apart from the British Indian Ocean Territory and two out of atolls of Maldives, 26 atolls of Maldives in South Asia, Maritime Southeast Asia is the only other subregion of Asia that lies partly within the Southern Hemisphere. Mainland Southeast Asia is completely in the Northern Hemisphere. East Timor and the southern portion of Indonesia are the only parts that are south of the Equator. Th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Latitude
In geography, latitude is a coordinate that specifies the north– south position of a point on the surface of the Earth or another celestial body. Latitude is given as an angle that ranges from –90° at the south pole to 90° at the north pole, with 0° at the Equator. Lines of constant latitude, or ''parallels'', run east–west as circles parallel to the equator. Latitude and ''longitude'' are used together as a coordinate pair to specify a location on the surface of the Earth. On its own, the term "latitude" normally refers to the ''geodetic latitude'' as defined below. Briefly, the geodetic latitude of a point is the angle formed between the vector perpendicular (or ''normal'') to the ellipsoidal surface from the point, and the plane of the equator. Background Two levels of abstraction are employed in the definitions of latitude and longitude. In the first step the physical surface is modeled by the geoid, a surface which approximates the mean sea level over the ocean ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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