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SEPT9
Septin-9 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''SEPT9'' gene. Interactions SEPT9 has been shown to interact with SEPT2 and SEPT7. Function Along with AHNAK, eIF4E and S100A11, SEPT9 has been shown to be essential for pseudopod protrusion, tumor cell migration and invasion. Clinical significance The v2 region of the SEPT9 promoter has been shown to be methylated In the chemical sciences, methylation denotes the addition of a methyl group on a substrate, or the substitution of an atom (or group) by a methyl group. Methylation is a form of alkylation, with a methyl group replacing a hydrogen atom. These ... in colorectal cancer tissue compared with normal colonic mucosa. Using highly sensitive real time PCR assays, methylated SEPT9 was detected in the blood of colorectal cancer patients. This alternate methylation pattern in cancer samples is suggestive of an aberrant activation or repression of the gene compared to normal tissue samples. Testing to detec ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
SEPT2
Septin 2, also known as SEPT2, is a protein which in humans is encoded by the ''SEPT2'' gene. Function SEPT2 can hetero-oligomerize with SEPT6 and SEPT7 to form filaments. SEPT2 interacted with SEPT6 through its C-terminus, C-terminal coiled-coil domain. Gene knockdown, Knockdown of SEPT2, SEPT6, and SEPT7 in causes actin stress fibers to disintegrate and cells to lose cell polarity, polarity. Septins, SOCS7, and NCK1 are part of a signaling pathway that couples regulation of the DNA damage response to the cytoskeleton. Interactions SEPT2 has been shown to Protein-protein interaction, interact with: * SEPT6 * SEPT7, and * SEPT9. References Further reading * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * {{gene-2-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
SEPT7
Septin-7 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''SEPT7'' gene. Function This gene encodes a protein that is highly similar to the CDC10 protein of ''Saccharomyces cerevisiae''. The protein also shares similarity with Diff 6 of ''Drosophila'' and with H5 of mouse. Each of these similar proteins, including the yeast CDC10, contains a GTP-binding motif. The yeast CDC10 protein is a structural component of the 10 nm filament which lies inside the cytoplasmic membrane and is essential for cytokinesis. Although the exact function of this gene has not yet been determined, its high similarity to yeast CDC10 and the high conservative nature of eukaryotic cell cycle machinery suggest a similar role to that of its yeast counterpart. Alternative splicing results in two transcript variants encoding different isoforms. Interactions SEPT7 has been shown to Protein-protein interaction, interact with SEPT2 and SEPT9. References Further reading * * * * * * * * ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Protein
Proteins are large biomolecules and macromolecules that comprise one or more long chains of amino acid residues. Proteins perform a vast array of functions within organisms, including catalysing metabolic reactions, DNA replication, responding to stimuli, providing structure to cells and organisms, and transporting molecules from one location to another. Proteins differ from one another primarily in their sequence of amino acids, which is dictated by the nucleotide sequence of their genes, and which usually results in protein folding into a specific 3D structure that determines its activity. A linear chain of amino acid residues is called a polypeptide. A protein contains at least one long polypeptide. Short polypeptides, containing less than 20–30 residues, are rarely considered to be proteins and are commonly called peptides. The individual amino acid residues are bonded together by peptide bonds and adjacent amino acid residues. The sequence of amino acid residue ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gene
In biology, the word gene (from , ; "...Wilhelm Johannsen coined the word gene to describe the Mendelian units of heredity..." meaning ''generation'' or ''birth'' or ''gender'') can have several different meanings. The Mendelian gene is a basic unit of heredity and the molecular gene is a sequence of nucleotides in DNA that is transcribed to produce a functional RNA. There are two types of molecular genes: protein-coding genes and noncoding genes. During gene expression, the DNA is first copied into RNA. The RNA can be directly functional or be the intermediate template for a protein that performs a function. The transmission of genes to an organism's offspring is the basis of the inheritance of phenotypic traits. These genes make up different DNA sequences called genotypes. Genotypes along with environmental and developmental factors determine what the phenotypes will be. Most biological traits are under the influence of polygenes (many different genes) as well as gen ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
AHNAK
Neuroblast differentiation-associated protein AHNAK, also known as desmoyokin, is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''AHNAK'' gene. AHNAK was originally identified in 1989 (in bovine muzzle epidermal cells) and named desmoyokin due to its localization pattern (that resembled a yoke) in the desmosomal plaque. AHNAK has been shown to be essential for pseudopod protrusion and cell migration. Interactions AHNAK has been shown to interact with S100B S100 calcium-binding protein B (S100B) is a protein of the S-100 protein family. S100 proteins are localized in the cytoplasm and nucleus of a wide range of cells, and involved in the regulation of a number of cellular processes such as cell cyc .... References Further reading * * * * * * * * * * * * * * External links * {{Gene-11-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
EIF4E
Eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E, also known as eIF4E, is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''EIF4E'' gene. Structure and function Most eukaryotic cellular mRNAs are blocked at their 5'-ends with the 7-methyl-guanosine five-prime cap structure, m7GpppX (where X is any nucleotide). This structure is involved in several cellular processes including enhanced translational efficiency, splicing, mRNA stability, and RNA nuclear export. eIF4E is a eukaryotic translation initiation factor involved in directing ribosomes to the cap structure of mRNAs. It is a 24-kD polypeptide that exists as both a free form and as part of the eIF4F pre-initiation complex. Almost all cellular mRNA require eIF4E in order to be translated into protein. The eIF4E polypeptide is the rate-limiting component of the eukaryotic translation apparatus and is involved in the mRNA-ribosome binding step of eukaryotic protein synthesis. The other subunits of eIF4F are a 47-kD polypeptide, terme ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
S100A11
S100 calcium-binding protein A11 (S100A11) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''S100A11'' gene. Function The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the S100 family of proteins containing 2 EF-hand calcium-binding motifs. S100A11, also known as calgizzarin or 100C, is a small acidic protein. Along with all 13 members of the S100 family, are located as a cluster on chromosome 1q21. It was first found in 1989, and later isolated from chicken gizzard muscles. The protein may function in motility, invasion, and tubulin polymerization. Chromosomal rearrangements and altered expression of this gene have been implicated in tumor metastasis. Its high expression has been found in many tissues including lung, pancreas, heart, placenta, kidney, and low levels in skeletal muscle, liver, and brain tissue. S100A11 is implicated in membrane and cytoskeletal dynamics, vesicular transportation and processes of endo and exocytosis. It has been shown that S100A11 interacts with ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Methylated
In the chemical sciences, methylation denotes the addition of a methyl group on a substrate, or the substitution of an atom (or group) by a methyl group. Methylation is a form of alkylation, with a methyl group replacing a hydrogen atom. These terms are commonly used in chemistry, biochemistry, soil science, and the biological sciences. In biological systems, methylation is catalyzed by enzymes; such methylation can be involved in modification of heavy metals, regulation of gene expression, regulation of protein function, and RNA processing. In vitro methylation of tissue samples is also one method for reducing certain histological staining artifacts. The reverse of methylation is demethylation. In biology In biological systems, methylation is accomplished by enzymes. Methylation can modify heavy metals, regulate gene expression, RNA processing and protein function. It has been recognized as a key process underlying epigenetics. Methanogenesis Methanogenesis, the process th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Colorectal Cancer
Colorectal cancer (CRC), also known as bowel cancer, colon cancer, or rectal cancer, is the development of cancer from the colon or rectum (parts of the large intestine). Signs and symptoms may include blood in the stool, a change in bowel movements, weight loss, and fatigue. Most colorectal cancers are due to old age and lifestyle factors, with only a small number of cases due to underlying genetic disorders. Risk factors include diet, obesity, smoking, and lack of physical activity. Dietary factors that increase the risk include red meat, processed meat, and alcohol. Another risk factor is inflammatory bowel disease, which includes Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis. Some of the inherited genetic disorders that can cause colorectal cancer include familial adenomatous polyposis and hereditary non-polyposis colon cancer; however, these represent less than 5% of cases. It typically starts as a benign tumor, often in the form of a polyp, which over time becomes cancerous. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Choosing Wisely
Choosing Wisely is a United States-based health educational campaign, led by the ABIM Foundation (American Board of Internal Medicine), about unnecessary health care. The campaign identifies over 500 tests and procedures and encourages doctors and patients to discuss, research, and possibly get second opinions, before proceeding with them. To conduct the campaign, the ABIM Foundation asks medical specialty societies to make five to ten recommendations for preventing overuse of a treatment in their field. The foundation then publicizes this information, and the medical specialty societies disseminate it to their members. The campaign has garnered both praise and criticism, and some of its ideas have spread to other countries. It does not include evaluation of its effects on costs, on discussions or on medical outcomes. Some doctors have said they lack time for the recommended discussions. History In 2002 the ABIM Foundation published ''Medical professionalism in the new millenni ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
ABIM Foundation
Choosing Wisely is a United States-based health educational campaign, led by the ABIM Foundation (American Board of Internal Medicine), about unnecessary health care. The campaign identifies over 500 tests and procedures and encourages doctors and patients to discuss, research, and possibly get second opinions, before proceeding with them. To conduct the campaign, the ABIM Foundation asks medical specialty societies to make five to ten recommendations for preventing overuse of a treatment in their field. The foundation then publicizes this information, and the medical specialty societies disseminate it to their members. The campaign has garnered both praise and criticism, and some of its ideas have spread to other countries. It does not include evaluation of its effects on costs, on discussions or on medical outcomes. Some doctors have said they lack time for the recommended discussions. History In 2002 the ABIM Foundation published ''Medical professionalism in the new millenni ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
