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Rohingya National Council ...
The Rohingya National Council (RNC) is a political congress of Rohingya groups, mainly from Rakhine State, Myanmar (Burma). It was founded on 28 November 1998 along with the Arakan Rohingya National Organisation (ARNO), which was formed from a merger of the Arakan Rohingya Islamic Front (ARIF) and the Rohingya Solidarity Organisation (RSO). See also * Islam in Myanmar References {{Reflist Rebel groups in Myanmar Islam in Myanmar Rakhine State Insurgency An insurgency is a violent, armed rebellion against authority waged by small, lightly armed bands who practice guerrilla warfare from primarily rural base areas. The key descriptive feature of insurgency is its asymmetric nature: small irregu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Congress
A congress is a formal meeting of the representatives of different countries, constituent states, organizations, trade unions, political parties, or other groups. The term originated in Late Middle English to denote an encounter (meeting of adversaries) during battle, from the Latin '' congressus''. Political congresses International relations The following congresses were formal meetings of representatives of different nations: *The Congress of Aix-la-Chapelle (1668), which ended the War of Devolution *The Congress of Aix-la-Chapelle (1748), which ended the War of the Austrian Succession *The Congress of Aix-la-Chapelle (1818) *The Congress of Berlin (1878), which settled the Eastern Question after the Russo-Turkish War (1877–1878) *The Congress of Gniezno (1000) *The Congress of Laibach (1821) *The Congress of Panama, an 1826 meeting organized by Simón Bolívar *The Congress of Paris (1856), which ended the Crimean War *The Congress of Troppau (1820) *The Congress of Tu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Rohingya People
The Rohingya people () are a stateless Indo-Aryan ethnic group who predominantly follow Islam and reside in Rakhine State, Myanmar (previously known as Burma). Before the Rohingya genocide in 2017, when over 740,000 fled to Bangladesh, an estimated 1.4 million Rohingya lived in Myanmar.UNHCR news briefing, 20 October 2020, https://www.unhcr.org/news/briefing/2020/10/5f8d7c004/unhcr-calls-solidarity-support-solutions-rohingya-refugees-ahead-urgent.html,accessed December 20, 2020 Described by journalists and news outlets as one of the most persecuted minorities in the world, the Rohingya are denied citizenship under the 1982 Myanmar nationality law. There are also restrictions on their freedom of movement, access to state education and civil service jobs. The legal conditions faced by the Rohingya in Myanmar have been compared to apartheidIbrahim, Azeem (fellow at Mansfield College, Oxford University, and 2009 Yale World Fellow"War of Words: What's in the Name 'Rohingya'?" ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Myanmar
Myanmar, ; UK pronunciations: US pronunciations incl. . Note: Wikipedia's IPA conventions require indicating /r/ even in British English although only some British English speakers pronounce r at the end of syllables. As John C. Wells, John Wells explains, the English spellings of both Myanmar and Burma assume a non-rhotic variety of English, in which the letter r before a consonant or finally serves merely to indicate a long vowel: [ˈmjænmɑː, ˈbɜːmə]. So the pronunciation of the last syllable of Myanmar as [mɑːr] or of Burma as [bɜːrmə] by some speakers in the UK and most speakers in North America is in fact a spelling pronunciation based on a misunderstanding of non-rhotic spelling conventions. The final ''r'' in ''Myanmar'' was not intended for pronunciation and is there to ensure that the final a is pronounced with the broad a, broad ''ah'' () in "father". If the Burmese name my, မြန်မာ, label=none were spelled "Myanma" in English, this would b ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
London
London is the capital and largest city of England and the United Kingdom, with a population of just under 9 million. It stands on the River Thames in south-east England at the head of a estuary down to the North Sea, and has been a major settlement for two millennia. The City of London, its ancient core and financial centre, was founded by the Romans as '' Londinium'' and retains its medieval boundaries.See also: Independent city § National capitals The City of Westminster, to the west of the City of London, has for centuries hosted the national government and parliament. Since the 19th century, the name "London" has also referred to the metropolis around this core, historically split between the counties of Middlesex, Essex, Surrey, Kent, and Hertfordshire, which largely comprises Greater London, governed by the Greater London Authority.The Greater London Authority consists of the Mayor of London and the London Assembly. The London Mayor is distinguished fr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
United Kingdom
The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom (UK) or Britain, is a country in Europe, off the north-western coast of the continental mainland. It comprises England, Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland. The United Kingdom includes the island of Great Britain, the north-eastern part of the island of Ireland, and many smaller islands within the British Isles. Northern Ireland shares a land border with the Republic of Ireland; otherwise, the United Kingdom is surrounded by the Atlantic Ocean, the North Sea, the English Channel, the Celtic Sea and the Irish Sea. The total area of the United Kingdom is , with an estimated 2020 population of more than 67 million people. The United Kingdom has evolved from a series of annexations, unions and separations of constituent countries over several hundred years. The Treaty of Union between the Kingdom of England (which included Wales, annexed in 1542) and the Kingdom of Scotland in 170 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Rakhine State
Rakhine State (; , , ; formerly known as Arakan State) is a Administrative divisions of Myanmar, state in Myanmar (Burma). Situated on the western coast, it is bordered by Chin State to the north, Magway Region, Bago Region and Ayeyarwady Region to the east, the Bay of Bengal to the west and the Chittagong Division of Bangladesh to the northwest. It is located approximately between latitudes 17°30' north and 21°30' north and longitudes 92°10' east and 94°50' east. The Arakan Mountains or Rakhine Yoma separated Rakhine State from central Burma from North to South. Off the coast of Rakhine State there are some fairly large islands such as Ramree Island, Ramree, Cheduba and Myingun Island, Myingun. Rakhine State has an area of and its capital is Sittwe. Etymology The term ''Rakhine'' is believed to have been derived from the Pali word ''Rakkhapura'' (Sanskrit Raksapura), meaning "Land of Ogres" (Rakshasa, Rakshas), possibly a pejorative referring to the original Australoi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
English Language
English is a West Germanic language of the Indo-European language family, with its earliest forms spoken by the inhabitants of early medieval England. It is named after the Angles, one of the ancient Germanic peoples that migrated to the island of Great Britain. Existing on a dialect continuum with Scots, and then closest related to the Low Saxon and Frisian languages, English is genealogically West Germanic. However, its vocabulary is also distinctively influenced by dialects of France (about 29% of Modern English words) and Latin (also about 29%), plus some grammar and a small amount of core vocabulary influenced by Old Norse (a North Germanic language). Speakers of English are called Anglophones. The earliest forms of English, collectively known as Old English, evolved from a group of West Germanic (Ingvaeonic) dialects brought to Great Britain by Anglo-Saxon settlers in the 5th century and further mutated by Norse-speaking Viking settlers starting in the 8th and 9th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Rohingya Language
Rohingya (), also known as Ruáingga ( Hanifi Rohingya: ; ), is an Indo-Aryan language spoken by the Rohingya people of Rakhine State, Myanmar. It is an Eastern Indo-Aryan language belonging to the Bengali–Assamese branch, and is closely related to the Chittagonian language spoken in neighbouring Bangladesh. The Rohingya and Chittagonian languages have a high degree of mutual intelligibility. Phonology Consonants Rohingya has primarily the following 25 native consonant phonemes. There are some other consonant phonemes which are from foreign languages such as Arabic, Bengali, Burmese and Urdu. * A dental fricative may also be heard in words of Arabic origin. * is only used in words of foreign origin. * /n/ is heard as when preceding /ʈ, ɖ/. *Allophones of /k, ɡ/ can be heard as , ɟ Vowels * Short allophones of /e, a/ are heard as , æ , ə Allophones of /i, u/ are heard as , ʊ There are six vowels and several diphthongs in the Rohingya langu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nurul Islam (lawyer)
Nurul Islam is a Rohingya political activist and Yangon-educated lawyer from Myanmar (Burma). He is the president of the Arakan Rohingya National Organisation (ARNO) and lives with his family in London, the United Kingdom. Political activism Islam is the president of the Arakan Rohingya National Organisation (ARNO), a political organisation that campaigns for the rights of the Rohingya people, an ethnic minority in northern Rakhine State, Myanmar. He has worked closely with other organisations, such as the National United Party of Arakan, a Rakhine nationalist political party. Islam is a vocal political activist, having held multiple peaceful rallies outside the Burmese embassy in London, where he resides. He, along with his associates, has called on the international community to "protect the defenseless Rohingyas". Education Islam achieved a Bachelor of Arts (B.A.) and a Bachelors of Law (LL.B.) from Rangoon University (now the University of Yangon) in 1972 a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Arakan Rohingya National Organisation
The Arakan Rohingya National Organisation (ARNO) is a Rohingya political organisation based in London, United Kingdom. Ideology The proclaimed beliefs and objectives of ARNO are as follows: * The right of self-determination of the Rohingya people must be given within a Burmese federation * Rohingya history and cultural heritage must be preserved without prejudice towards the growth and preservation of other religious and indigenous culture in Arakan (Rakhine) * The continued religious persecution of Rohingya Muslims by the Burmese military must be stopped * Rohingya refugees must be repatriated from refugee camps to their villages * Human resource development, particularly in socio-cultural, economic, educational and technical fields, must be established * A welfare society based on equality, liberty, democracy, human rights and freedom for all ethnic groups in Burma (Myanmar) * "Peaceful co-existence" with the Rakhine community and among all other peoples in Arakan as well as ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Arakan Rohingya Islamic Front
The Arakan Rohingya Islamic Front (ARIF) was a Rohingya insurgent group active in northern Rakhine State, Myanmar (Burma). The group was made up of Rohingya fighters led by Nurul Islam, a Yangon-educated lawyer. The group was created after uniting the remnants of the Rohingya Patriotic Front (RPF) and a defecting faction of the Rohingya Solidarity Organisation (RSO) that was under the command of Nurul Islam. On 28 October 1998, the ARIF merged with the RSO and formed the Arakan Rohingya National Organisation (ARNO), operating in-exile in Cox's Bazar. The Rohingya National Army (RNA) was established as its armed wing. It was responsible for a bomb attack on a military target in Maungdaw, Rakhine State, on 10 November 1991. It killed eight people. References Rebel groups in Myanmar Islam in Myanmar Islamist groups Rakhine State Insurgency An insurgency is a violent, armed rebellion against authority waged by small, lightly armed bands who practice guerrilla ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Rohingya Solidarity Organisation
The Rohingya Solidarity Organisation (RSO) is a Rohingya insurgent group and political organisation. It was founded in 1982 following a large scale military operation conducted by the Tatmadaw (Myanmar Armed Forces). The group discontinued its armed rebellion in 1998 but rearmed itself following the 2021 Myanmar coup d'état. History 1990s In the early 1990s, the military camps of the Rohingya Solidarity Organisation (RSO) were located in the Cox's Bazar District in southern Bangladesh. RSO possessed a significant arsenal of light machine-guns, AK-47 assault rifles, RPG-2 rocket launchers, claymore mines and explosives, according to a field report conducted by correspondent Bertil Lintner in 1991. The military expansion of the RSO resulted in the government of Myanmar launching a massive counter-offensive to expel RSO insurgents along the Bangladesh-Myanmar border. In December 1991, Tatmadaw soldiers crossed the border and accidentally attacked a Bangladeshi military o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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