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Rajadvara
Po Klung Pilih Räjadvära (fl. 900s AD), abbreviation Rajadvara, alternate name Narendrādhipati, was a Cham nobleman and a minister who served the court of three Champa kings Jaya Simhavarman I (r. 897–904), Saktivarman (r. 904), and Bhadravarman II (r. 905–918) during the early 10th century. Rajadvara was the father of Simhavarman's wife Tribhuvanadevi. His mother was Princess Lyań Vṛddhakula. His eldest son Sukṛtï Pov Kluñ Dharmapātha was described as king Indravarman II's favorite. He went on Buddhist pilgrimages ''(siddhayäträ)'' to Java in 908 and 911, acting as the king's diplomat. In 911 he built a Mahayana temple dedicated to Avalokiteśvara in present-day Quảng Trị Quảng Trị () is a district-level town in Quảng Trị Province in the North Central Coast region of Vietnam. It is second of two municipalities in the province after the provincial capital Đông Hà. History The Sino-Vietnamese name Quả .... The temple, Vṛddhakeśvara, was n ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Jaya Simhavarman I
Jaya Simhavarman I was a king of mandala Champa, reigning from 897 to 904. He was preceded by his uncle Indravarman II (r. ?–893). Simhavarman had many building projects during his reign: a Mahayana monastery named vihara Pramuditalokeśvara in Quảng Nam was built in 902 in dedicating to Avalokiteśvara, sponsored by a royal member, the future Bhadravarman II (r. 905–917); a shrine and the installation of silver icon for Avalokiteśvara in the city of Vrddha Ratnapura (present-day Đại Hữu, Quảng Bình, three statues of Prajñaparamita and two of Avalokiteśvara have been recovered); constructions in Mỹ Sơn and Khương Mỹ, such as Mỹ Sơn A12, A13, B2, E4. Syncretic Saivaism-Buddhism had been developed in this context, which associated Buddha and Bodhisattvas were seen as the saviors in that religious system, presided over by Śiva as the supreme protector. Architectural influence from Java (which at the time ruled by the Mahayana Shailendras who were former ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tribhuvanadevi
Tribhuvana Mahadevi or Tribhuvanadevi (late-9th century–early 10th century) was a Cham female leader and queen of Champa, the chief wife of king Jaya Simhavarman I (r. 897–904). In Champa epigraphs, she was highly applauded by the king and her sons "foremost of all queen and virtuous." According to historical records, she was born to a noble Buddhist family of Quảng Trị Quảng Trị () is a district-level town in Quảng Trị Province in the North Central Coast region of Vietnam. It is second of two municipalities in the province after the provincial capital Đông Hà. History The Sino-Vietnamese name Quả ... origin. She was the daughter of Narendrādhipati, a byname of Rajadvara, a well accomplished minister who had in service of four Cham kings and had been awarded eulogization for his clan's contributions. In 917 the queen erected the temple of Indrakānteśvara (Śiva) at Hà Trung, Quảng Trị province. References Citations Bibliography * ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cham People
The Cham (Cham: ''Čaṃ'') or Champa people (Cham: , ''Urang Campa''; vi, Người Chăm or ; km, ជនជាតិចាម, ) are an Austronesian ethnic group. From the 2nd century to 1832 the Cham populated Champa, a contiguous territory of independent principalities in central and southern Vietnam. They spoke the Cham language and the Tsat language (the former is still spoken by the Cham, and the latter is spoken by their Utsul descendants, on China’s Hainan Island), two Chamic languages from the Malayo-Polynesian group of the Austronesian family. Chams and Malays are the only sizable Austronesian peoples that settled in Iron Age mainland Southeast Asia among the more ancient Austroasiatic inhabitants. History For a long time, researchers believed that the Chams had arrived by sea in the first millennium BC from Sumatra, Borneo and the Malay Peninsula, eventually settling in central modern Vietnam. The original Cham are therefore the likely heirs of Austro ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Champa
Champa (Cham: ꨌꩌꨛꨩ; km, ចាម្ប៉ា; vi, Chiêm Thành or ) were a collection of independent Cham polities that extended across the coast of what is contemporary central and southern Vietnam from approximately the 2nd century AD until 1832, when it was annexed by the Vietnamese Empire under its emperor Minh Mạng. The kingdom was known variously as ''Nagaracampa'' ( sa, नगरचम्पः), ''Champa'' (ꨌꩌꨛꨩ) in modern Cham, and ''Châmpa'' () in the Khmer inscriptions, ''Chiêm Thành'' in Vietnamese and ''Zhànchéng'' (Mandarin: 占城) in Chinese records. The Kingdoms of Champa and the Chams contribute profound and direct impacts to the history of Vietnam, Southeast Asia, as well as their present day. Early Champa, evolved from local seafaring Austronesian Chamic Sa Huỳnh culture off the coast of modern-day Vietnam. The emergence of Champa at the late 2nd century AD shows testimony of early Southeast Asian statecrafting and crucial ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bhadravarman II
Bhadravarman or Phạm Hồ Đạt (, Middle Chinese: ''buam’-ɣɔ-dɑt,'' Sanskrit ''Bhadravarman'', literally "Blessed armour" but also meaning the ''Jasminum sambac'' flower), was the king of Champa from 380 to 413. In 380, Bhadravarman, the son or grandson of Fan Fo,Higham, C., 2014, Early Mainland Southeast Asia, Bangkok: River Books Co., Ltd., took the throne with the regal name Dharmamahārāja Śrī Bhadravarman I, "Great King of the Law Bhadravarman".Maspero, G., 2002, The Champa Kingdom, Bangkok: White Lotus Co., Ltd., He is the first Champa king to have ''varman'' suffixed to his name. The use of the honorific title ''varman'', very common amongst the Pallava dynasty kings, was borrowed by the kings of Cambodia. Also the same year, the King moved the capital to Simhapura in Quảng Nam Province. He built temples and palaces, all facing north, at Mỹ Sơn and Trà Kiệu. Significantly, Bhadravarman was a renowned scholar, well-versed in all four Vedas and the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Indravarman II (Champa)
Indravarman II (Sanskrit: जय इंद्रवर्मन; ? - 893) was the king of Champa from 854 to 893 and the founder of Champa's Sixth dynasty. Reign During his reign, relations between Champa and China was restored. Chinese historians begin referring Champa by ''Chang-cheng'' or the city of Cham in its Sanskrit form. He founded a new capital, Indrapura in modern-day Quang Nam Province. Indravarman claimed himself to be a master that had been enlightened after many years of meditating, not a member of any noble house or previous dynasties. He authorized the construction of Lakshmindralokeçvara temple, a Mahayana Buddhist monastery located in Dong Duong (Indrapura), southeast of Mỹ Sơn. A royal cult consecrating to Avalokiteśvara was highly promoted by the Cham elites. In 889, Khmer ruler Yasovarman I Yasovarman I ( km, ព្រះបាទយសោវរ្ម័នទី១) was an Angkorian king who reigned in 889–910 CE. He was called " Leper King". ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Java
Java (; id, Jawa, ; jv, ꦗꦮ; su, ) is one of the Greater Sunda Islands in Indonesia. It is bordered by the Indian Ocean to the south and the Java Sea to the north. With a population of 151.6 million people, Java is the world's List of islands by population, most populous island, home to approximately 56% of the Demographics of Indonesia, Indonesian population. Indonesia's capital city, Jakarta, is on Java's northwestern coast. Many of the best known events in Indonesian history took place on Java. It was the centre of powerful Hindu-Buddhist empires, the Islamic sultanates, and the core of the colonial Dutch East Indies. Java was also the center of the History of Indonesia, Indonesian struggle for independence during the 1930s and 1940s. Java dominates Indonesia politically, economically and culturally. Four of Indonesia's eight UNESCO world heritage sites are located in Java: Ujung Kulon National Park, Borobudur Temple, Prambanan Temple, and Sangiran Early Man Site. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Avalokiteśvara
In Buddhism, Avalokiteśvara (Sanskrit: अवलोकितेश्वर, IPA: ) is a bodhisattva who embodies the compassion of all Buddhas. He has 108 avatars, one notable avatar being Padmapāṇi (lotus bearer). He is variably depicted, described, and portrayed in different cultures as either male or female. In East Asian Buddhism, he has evolved into a female form called Guanyin. Etymology The name ''Avalokiteśvara'' combines the verbal prefix ''ava'' "down", ''lokita'', a past participle of the verb ''lok'' "to notice, behold, observe", here used in an active sense; and finally '' īśvara'', "lord", "ruler", "sovereign" or "master". In accordance with sandhi (Sanskrit rules of sound combination), ''a''+''īśvara'' becomes ''eśvara''. Combined, the parts mean "lord who gazes down (at the world)". The word ''loka'' ("world") is absent from the name, but the phrase is implied. It does appear in the Cambodian form of the name, ''Lokesvarak''. The earliest translation ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Quảng Trị
Quảng Trị () is a district-level town in Quảng Trị Province in the North Central Coast region of Vietnam. It is second of two municipalities in the province after the provincial capital Đông Hà. History The Sino-Vietnamese name Quảng Trị (廣治) was given by Vietnamese Confucian administrators. A major feature of the town is the Quảng Trị Citadel, built in 1824, as a military bastion during the 4th year of the reign of Minh Mạng. It is an example of Vauban architecture and it later became the administrative head office of the Nguyễn dynasty in Quảng Trị Province (1809–1945). Quảng Trị was an area of early Catholic presence and by 1913, the nearest railway station to the starting point of the La Vang pilgrimage.''Catholic Vietnam: A Church from Empire to Nation'' Charles Keith - 2012 -- Page 164 "... the La Vang pilgrimage were new modes of travel, communication, and publicity. In 1913, the future bishop Hồ Ngọc Cẩn wrote an article in Na ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
9th-century Vietnamese People
The 9th century was a period from 801 ( DCCCI) through 900 ( CM) in accordance with the Julian calendar. The Carolingian Renaissance and the Viking raids occurred within this period. In the Middle East, the House of Wisdom was founded in Abbasid Baghdad, attracting many scholars to the city. The field of algebra was founded by the Muslim polymath al-Khwarizmi. The most famous Islamic Scholar Ahmad ibn Hanbal was tortured and imprisoned by Abbasid official Ahmad ibn Abi Du'ad during the reign of Abbasid caliph al-Mu'tasim and caliph al-Wathiq. In Southeast Asia, the height of the Mataram Kingdom happened in this century, while Burma would see the establishment of the major kingdom of Pagan. Tang China started the century with the effective rule under Emperor Xianzong and ended the century with the Huang Chao rebellions. While the Maya experienced widespread political collapse in the central Maya region, resulting in internecine warfare, the abandonment of cities, and a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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