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Roman Auxiliaries In Britain
The overall size of the Roman forces in Roman Britain grew from about 40,000 in the mid 1st century AD to a maximum of about 55,000 in the mid 2nd century. The proportion of auxiliaries in Britain grew from about 50% before 69 AD to over 70% in c. 150 AD. By the mid-2nd century, there were about 70 auxiliary regiments in Britain, for a total of over 40,000 men. These outnumbered the 16,500 legionaries in Britain (three Roman legions) by 2.5 to 1. This was the greatest concentration of auxilia in any single province of the Roman Empire. It implies major continuing security problems; this is supported by the (thin) historical evidence. After Agricola, the following emperors conducted major military operations in Britain: Hadrian, Antoninus Pius, Constantius I, and Septimius Severus. The early 2nd century may be summarised as follows: Of the auxilia units stationed in Britain, none was originally native British (it was the custom not to deploy units in their home country or region). ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ancient Rome
In modern historiography, ancient Rome refers to Roman civilisation from the founding of the city of Rome in the 8th century BC to the collapse of the Western Roman Empire in the 5th century AD. It encompasses the Roman Kingdom (753–509 BC), Roman Republic (509–27 BC) and Roman Empire (27 BC–476 AD) until the fall of the western empire. Ancient Rome began as an Italic settlement, traditionally dated to 753 BC, beside the River Tiber in the Italian Peninsula. The settlement grew into the city and polity of Rome, and came to control its neighbours through a combination of treaties and military strength. It eventually dominated the Italian Peninsula, assimilated the Greek culture of southern Italy ( Magna Grecia) and the Etruscan culture and acquired an Empire that took in much of Europe and the lands and peoples surrounding the Mediterranean Sea. It was among the largest empires in the ancient world, with an estimated 50 to 90 million inhabitants, roughly 20% of t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Vindolanda Tablets
The Vindolanda tablets were, at the time of their discovery, the oldest surviving handwritten documents in Britain (they have since been antedated by the Bloomberg tablets). They are a rich source of information about life on the northern frontier of Roman Britain. Written on fragments of thin, post-card sized wooden leaf-tablets with carbon-based ink, the tablets date to the 1st and 2nd centuries AD (roughly contemporary with Hadrian's Wall). Although similar records on papyrus were known from elsewhere in the Roman Empire, wooden tablets with ink text had not been recovered until 1973, when archaeologist Robin Birley, his attention being drawn by student excavator Keith Liddell, discovered some at the site of Vindolanda, a Roman fort in northern England. The documents record official military matters as well as personal messages to and from members of the garrison of Vindolanda, their families, and their slaves. Highlights of the tablets include an invitation to a birth ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
II Delmatarum
Cohors secunda Delmatarum ("2nd Cohort of Dalmatae") was a Roman auxiliary infantry regiment. Etymology It is named after the Dalmatae, an Illyrian-speaking tribe that inhabited the Adriatic coastal mountain range of the eponymous Dalmatia. The ancient geographer Strabo describes these mountains as extremely rugged, and the Dalmatae as backward and warlike. He claims that they did not use money long after their neighbours adopted it and that they "made war on the Romans for a long time". He also criticizes the Dalmatae, a nation of pastoralists, for turning fertile plains into sheep pasture. Indeed, the name of the tribe itself is believed to mean "shepherds", derived from the Illyrian word ''delme'' ("sheep").Spaul (2000) 304 The final time this people fought against Rome was in the Illyrian revolt of 6–9 AD. The revolt was started by Dalmatae auxiliary forces and soon spread all over Dalmatia and Pannonia. The resulting war was described by the Roman writer Suetonius as the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
I Delmatarum
Cohors prima Delmatarum ("1st Cohort of Dalmatae") was a Roman auxiliary infantry regiment. It is named after the Dalmatae, an Illyrian-speaking tribe that inhabited the Adriatic coastal mountain range of the eponymous Dalmatia. The ancient geographer Strabo describes these mountains as extremely rugged, and the Dalmatae as backward and warlike. He claims that they did not use money long after their neighbours adopted it and that they "made war on the Romans for a long time". He also criticises the Dalmatae, a nation of pastoralists, for turning fertile plains into sheep pasture. Indeed, the name of the tribe itself is believed to mean "shepherds", derived from the Illyrian word ''delme'' ("sheep"). The final time this people fought against Rome was in the Illyrian revolt of 6–9 AD. The revolt was started by Dalmatae auxiliary forces and soon spread all over Dalmatia and Pannonia. The resulting war was described by the Roman writer Suetonius as the most difficult faced by Rome si ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cohors I Aelia Dacorum
Cohors PrimÆ Ælia Dacorvm (Latin name for "1st Aelian Cohort of Dacians") was an infantry regiment of the Auxilia corps of the Imperial Roman army. It was first raised by the Roman emperor Hadrian (r. AD 117–38) in the Roman province of Dacia not later than AD 125 and its last surviving record dates 400. It was deployed, for virtually its entire history, in forts on Hadrian's Wall on the northern frontier of Britannia province. Foundation The regiment carries the epithet ''Aelia'', implying that it was either founded, or honoured for valour, by the emperor Hadrian (Publius Ælius Hadrianus). It was probably founded between AD 117 (the date of Hadrian's accession) and c. 125, the date of the unit's first datable attestation.Spaul (2000) 346 The ''Dacorum'' name suggests that its initial recruits were mainly ethnic Dacians from Moesia and/or the recently conquered Roman province of Dacia (annexed in 106 by Hadrian's predecessor, Trajan). As no record of the unit has been fo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
I Aquitanorum
Cohors prima Aquitanorum ("1st Cohort of Aquitani") was a Roman auxiliary infantry regiment. It was probably originally raised in Gallia Aquitania in the reign of founder-emperor Augustus after the revolt of the Aquitani was suppressed in 26 BC.Holder (1980) 111 Unlike most Gauls, the Aquitani were not Celtic-speaking but spoke Aquitanian, a now extinct non Indo-European language closely related to Basque. There is scholarly controversy about whether there were one or two infantry ''cohortes'' called I Aquitanorum. This is because a regiment of that name is repeatedly attested both in Germania Superior and Britannia. Holder sees them as two separate units, one of which carried the title ''veterana'' and was permanently based in Germania Sup., the other in Britannia. Spaul considers it more likely there was a single unit, which alternated between the two provinces, although this was unusual for auxiliary regiments. Holder's view is supported by the fact that none of the British ins ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ala I Tungrorum
Ala, ALA, Alaa or Alae may refer to: Places * Ala, Hiiu County, Estonia, a village * Ala, Valga County, Estonia, a village * Ala, Alappuzha, Kerala, India, a village * Ala, Iran, a village in Semnan Province * Ala, Gotland, Sweden * Alad, Seydun or Ala, a village in Khuzestan Province, Iran * Ala, Trentino, Italy, a comune * Alà dei Sardi, Italy, a comune * Alabama, a state in the United States * Alae (Cilicia), a town of ancient Cilicia Science * Acetylated lanolin alcohol * Ala of nose, in human anatomy * Alae (nematode anatomy) * Alanine, an α-amino acid * Alpha lipoic acid, a nutritional supplement * Alpha-linolenic acid, an omega−3 fatty acid * δ-aminolevulinic acid or δ-ALA Mythology and religion * Ala (demon), a female demon in Serbian mythology * Ala (Luwian goddess), a Hittite and Luwian goddess * Ala (Odinani), an Alusi (deity) in the Odinani beliefs of the Igbo people of Nigeria Military * , a US Navy tugboat * Ala (Roman allied military unit), a Repu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ala I Thracum
Ala, ALA, Alaa or Alae may refer to: Places * Ala, Hiiu County, Estonia, a village * Ala, Valga County, Estonia, a village * Ala, Alappuzha, Kerala, India, a village * Ala, Iran, a village in Semnan Province * Ala, Gotland, Sweden * Alad, Seydun or Ala, a village in Khuzestan Province, Iran * Ala, Trentino, Italy, a comune * Alà dei Sardi, Italy, a comune * Alabama, a state in the United States * Alae (Cilicia), a town of ancient Cilicia Science * Acetylated lanolin alcohol * Ala of nose, in human anatomy * Alae (nematode anatomy) * Alanine, an α-amino acid * Alpha lipoic acid, a nutritional supplement * Alpha-linolenic acid, an omega−3 fatty acid * δ-aminolevulinic acid or δ-ALA Mythology and religion * Ala (demon), a female demon in Serbian mythology * Ala (Luwian goddess), a Hittite and Luwian goddess * Ala (Odinani), an Alusi (deity) in the Odinani beliefs of the Igbo people of Nigeria Military * , a US Navy tugboat * Ala (Roman allied military unit), a Repu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ala Gallorum Petriana
Ala Gallorum Petriana (English: "Petritanus' Ala of Gauls") was a Roman auxiliary unit. It is attested by military diplomas and inscriptions: in one inscription (RIB 957) it is referred to as Ala Augusta Petriana; in other inscriptions, Tacitus in his '' Histories'', and in the ''Notitia dignitatum'' it is called Ala Petriana. The unit was an ''ala milliaria''. The nominal strength of the ''ala'' was 720 men, consisting of 24 turmae each with 30 horsemen. History The Ala was stationed in the provinces of Germania, then afterwards Britannia. It is listed on military diplomas for the years 98 to 135 AD. The unit was first stationed in the province of Germania in the 1st century. Perhaps the original name of the unit was Ala Pomponiana. At an uncertain time (possibly under Quintus Petillius Cerialis at 71/74), the Ala was transferred to the province of Britannia, where its presence is first attested by a military diploma dated to 98. Other diplomas dated from 122 to 135 attest the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ala I Hispanorum Asturum
Ala, ALA, Alaa or Alae may refer to: Places * Ala, Hiiu County, Estonia, a village * Ala, Valga County, Estonia, a village * Ala, Alappuzha, Kerala, India, a village * Ala, Iran, a village in Semnan Province * Ala, Gotland, Sweden * Alad, Seydun or Ala, a village in Khuzestan Province, Iran * Ala, Trentino, Italy, a comune * Alà dei Sardi, Italy, a comune * Alabama, a state in the United States * Alae (Cilicia), a town of ancient Cilicia Science * Acetylated lanolin alcohol * Ala of nose, in human anatomy * Alae (nematode anatomy) * Alanine, an α-amino acid * Alpha lipoic acid, a nutritional supplement * Alpha-linolenic acid, an omega−3 fatty acid * δ-aminolevulinic acid or δ-ALA Mythology and religion * Ala (demon), a female demon in Serbian mythology * Ala (Luwian goddess), a Hittite and Luwian goddess * Ala (Odinani), an Alusi (deity) in the Odinani beliefs of the Igbo people of Nigeria Military * , a US Navy tugboat * Ala (Roman allied military unit), a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Papyrus
Papyrus ( ) is a material similar to thick paper that was used in ancient times as a writing surface. It was made from the pith of the papyrus plant, '' Cyperus papyrus'', a wetland sedge. ''Papyrus'' (plural: ''papyri'') can also refer to a document written on sheets of such material, joined side by side and rolled up into a scroll, an early form of a book. Papyrus is first known to have been used in Egypt (at least as far back as the First Dynasty), as the papyrus plant was once abundant across the Nile Delta. It was also used throughout the Mediterranean region. Apart from a writing material, ancient Egyptians employed papyrus in the construction of other artifacts, such as reed boats, mats, rope, sandals, and baskets. History Papyrus was first manufactured in Egypt as far back as the fourth millennium BCE.H. Idris Bell and T.C. Skeat, 1935"Papyrus and its uses"(British Museum pamphlet). The earliest archaeological evidence of papyrus was excavated in 2012 and 2 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Suffix
In linguistics, a suffix is an affix which is placed after the stem of a word. Common examples are case endings, which indicate the grammatical case of nouns, adjectives, and verb endings, which form the conjugation of verbs. Suffixes can carry grammatical information (inflectional suffixes) or lexical information ( derivational/lexical suffixes'').'' An inflectional suffix or a grammatical suffix. Such inflection changes the grammatical properties of a word within its syntactic category. For derivational suffixes, they can be divided into two categories: class-changing derivation and class-maintaining derivation. Particularly in the study of Semitic languages, suffixes are called affirmatives, as they can alter the form of the words. In Indo-European studies, a distinction is made between suffixes and endings (see Proto-Indo-European root). Suffixes can carry grammatical information or lexical information. A word-final segment that is somewhere between a free morpheme and a b ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
