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Rhetorical Shields
In the context of racism, rhetorical shields, also called discursive buffers, are semantic moves or strategically managed propositions to safely state certain views. They commonly appear as nonracial utterances between racial statements. Examples Disclaimers Disclaimers serve as a strategy to dismiss the racial nature of a story. Examples of such utterances are " I am not a racist, but..." and " Some of my best friends are black". They may be used to save face, such as in the statement "I didn't mean that because, as I told you, I am not a racist". The phrase "yes and no" as a response to a question about an issue could also be used in such a manner. Here, an individual may try to show that they are ambivalent on a very controversial issue, apparently taking or examining all sides, but they may actually conclude with taking a firm stand to one side of the issue. Another way to achieve this is through credentialing, which entails a discursive practice of listing characteristics ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Racism
Racism is the belief that groups of humans possess different behavioral traits corresponding to inherited attributes and can be divided based on the superiority of one race over another. It may also mean prejudice, discrimination, or antagonism directed against other people because they are of a different race or ethnicity. Modern variants of racism are often based in social perceptions of biological differences between peoples. These views can take the form of social actions, practices or beliefs, or political systems in which different races are ranked as inherently superior or inferior to each other, based on presumed shared inheritable traits, abilities, or qualities. There have been attempts to legitimize racist beliefs through scientific means, such as scientific racism, which have been overwhelmingly shown to be unfounded. In terms of political systems (e.g. apartheid) that support the expression of prejudice or aversion in discriminatory practices or laws, racist ideology ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
I'm Not Racist, But
''I'm not racist, but...'' is a phrase that often precedes a racist argument and provides a "veneer of political correctness". Interpretations The phrase has been described as "hypocritical" and "apologetic". Eduardo Bonilla-Silva and Tyrone Forman argued that it is used by "the new racists, all the nice Whites". Alana Lentin, in a op-ed for ABC, cited the phrase as an example of "how denying racism reproduces its violence". Deutsche Welle's Torsten Landsberg and Rachel Stewart wrote that the refrain is "usually followed by an opinion that belies at best ignorance and at worst a deep-seated prejudice or even racially fueled hatred". Ibram X. Kendi felt that its usage is an ineffective means of combating racism. Frequency Baugh (1991) found that when people were asked why the term African-American should or should not be used, many respondents prefaced their answers with "I'm not racist, but...". Brown (2006) found that that the phrase was often used by Lancastrian interview ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
I'm Not Racist, I Have Black Friends
"I'm not racist; I have black friends" (variant: "Some of my best friends are black") is a saying which is often employed by white people to justify their claim that they are not racist towards black people. The phrase, which gained popularity in the mid-2010s, has since sparked many internet memes and debates over racial attitudes. Its use in a discussion related to the election of Donald Trump as US president in 2016, on the US television show '' Black-ish'', led to widespread discussion in the media of the "old trope". A 2004 study in ''Basic and Applied Social Psychology'' listed the phrase as a "common laim ofinnocence by association". A 2011 study published in the ''Journal of Black Studies'' suggested that African Americans were rarely impressed by whites claiming to have "Black friends", and that the claim was more likely to make African Americans think that the person making it was in fact more, not less, prejudiced. The phrase is cited as an instance of "resistance to ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Save Face
Face is a class of behaviors and customs practiced mainly in Asian cultures, associated with the morality, honor, and authority of an individual (or group of individuals), and its image in social groups. Face refers to a sociological concept in general linked to the dignity and prestige that a person has in terms of their social relationships. This idea with different nuances is observed in many societies and cultures such as Chinese, Arabic, Indonesian, Korean, Malaysian, Laotian, Indian, Japanese, Vietnamese, Filipino, Thai, Russian and other Slavic cultures. Face has more meanings within the context of Chinese culture. Definitions Although Chinese writer Lin Yutang claimed "face cannot be translated or defined", these definitions have been created: * Face is an image of self delineated in terms of approved social attributes. * Face is the respectability and/or deference which a person can claim for themself or from others. * Face is a quality that can be lost, maintained, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Rhetoric
Rhetoric () is the art of persuasion, which along with grammar and logic (or dialectic), is one of the three ancient arts of discourse. Rhetoric aims to study the techniques writers or speakers utilize to inform, persuade, or motivate particular audiences in specific situations. Aristotle defines rhetoric as "the faculty of observing in any given case the available means of persuasion" and since mastery of the art was necessary for victory in a case at law, for passage of proposals in the assembly, or for fame as a speaker in civic ceremonies, he calls it "a combination of the science of logic and of the ethical branch of politics". Rhetoric typically provides heuristics for understanding, discovering, and developing arguments for particular situations, such as Aristotle's three persuasive audience appeals: logos, pathos, and ethos. The five canons of rhetoric or phases of developing a persuasive speech were first codified in classical Rome: invention, arrangement, style ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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