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Rede Ferroviária Nacional
REFER, Rede Ferroviária Nacional, EP (i.e. ''National Railway Network'') was the Portuguese Railway infrastructure manager, rail infrastructure manager. It was a state-owned company and was created to manage the Portuguese rail infrastructure, previously under control of Comboios de Portugal, CP, which became exclusively a train service operator. It was incorporated on 29 April 1997 by government decree no. 104/97 and was 100% owned by the Portuguese state. As per a decree-law dated 29 May 2015 and taking effect as of 1 June 2015, Portugal's rail infrastructure manager REFER, EP has merged with Estradas de Portugal S.S., the Portuguese road manager, creating a new company called ‘Infraestruturas de Portugal, S.A.’ All duties and competences of Estradas de Portugal and REFER, EP, have therefore been transferred to Infraestruturas de Portugal. Network The Portuguese railway network consists (2010) of 2,843 km of track: * 1,668 mm gauge: 2,650 km, of which 1,46 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lisbon
Lisbon (; pt, Lisboa ) is the capital and largest city of Portugal, with an estimated population of 544,851 within its administrative limits in an area of 100.05 km2. Grande Lisboa, Lisbon's urban area extends beyond the city's administrative limits with a population of around 2.7 million people, being the List of urban areas of the European Union, 11th-most populous urban area in the European Union.Demographia: World Urban Areas - demographia.com, 06.2021 About 3 million people live in the Lisbon metropolitan area, making it the third largest metropolitan area in the Iberian Peninsula, after Madrid and Barcelona. It represents approximately 27% of the country's population. [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Portugal
Portugal, officially the Portuguese Republic ( pt, República Portuguesa, links=yes ), is a country whose mainland is located on the Iberian Peninsula of Southwestern Europe, and whose territory also includes the Atlantic archipelagos of the Azores and Madeira. It features the westernmost point in continental Europe, and its Iberian portion is bordered to the west and south by the Atlantic Ocean and to the north and east by Spain, the sole country to have a land border with Portugal. Its two archipelagos form two autonomous regions with their own regional governments. Lisbon is the capital and largest city by population. Portugal is the oldest continuously existing nation state on the Iberian Peninsula and one of the oldest in Europe, its territory having been continuously settled, invaded and fought over since prehistoric times. It was inhabited by pre-Celtic and Celtic peoples who had contact with Phoenicians and Ancient Greek traders, it was ruled by the Ro ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Railway Infrastructure Manager
A railway infrastructure manager is "any body or undertaking that is responsible in particular for establishing and maintaining railway infrastructure. This may also include the management of infrastructure control and safety systems. The functions of the infrastructure manager on a network or part of a network may be allocated to different bodies or undertakings" This includes mainly railway track and catenary, if the railway line is electrified, and respective command and control systems. It can also include the stations and power supply network. A significant proportion of these companies are state-owned monopolies, responsible for all or most of the railway infrastructure within a given country. In the European Union (EU), separation of infrastructure and operation is mandated by law, so train operation is performed by another type of company, a railway undertaking Rail transport operations are the day-to-day operations of a railway. A railway has two major components: the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Comboios De Portugal
CP — Comboios de Portugal, EPE (''CP''; English: ''Trains of Portugal'') is a state-owned company which operates passenger trains in Portugal. Before June 2009, CP stood for Caminhos de Ferro Portugueses (English: ''Portuguese Railways'') although the company has been using its current designation as a brand name since 2004. In 2019, CP transported 145 million passengers, 19 million more than in 2018. History On 28 October 1856, the first railway line was inaugurated in Portugal, between Lisbon and Carregado: the ''Companhia dos Caminhos de Ferro Portugueses'' was born. The network was gradually expanded both south of the Tagus and to the north of the country, as well as in the metropolitan areas of Lisbon and Porto and to Spain. During the second half of the 20th century, much of CP's rolling stock was built in Portugal by Sorefame - notably carriages with stainless steel bodywork. Gradually, electrification was put in place for a little less than half the network. In 1 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Infraestruturas De Portugal
Infraestruturas de Portugal, S.A. (IP) is a state-owned company which resulted from the merger of Rede Ferroviária Nacional (REFER) and Estradas de Portugal (EP). It manages the Portuguese rail and road infrastructure. Network Road Total length, as of January 2019: 15.253 km Main roads and motorways: * Valença International Bridge, ( IP1 variante de Valença) * IC28 (Ponte de Lima-Ponte da Barca) * VCI/IC23 (Via de Cintura Interna do Porto) with the Arrábida and Freixo bridges and ( A20) access * EN1/IC2 (Porto-Lisboa) * Variante de Vilar Formoso (IP5) * IP3 (Coimbra-Viseu) * IC6 (IP3-Tábua) * IC12 (Santa Comba Dão-Canas de Senhorim) * A23 (section Torres Novas-Abrantes) * IP6 no Alto Alentejo (Fratel-Estremoz) * IP6 (Peniche-Óbidos) * IC13 (Portalegre-Alter do Chão) * Salgueiro Maia Cridge e acessos ( IC10) * Eixo Norte-Sul * IC16 (Radial da Pontinha) * CRIL/IC17 (Circular Regional Interna de Lisboa) * IC19 (Radial de Sintra) * IC22 (Radial de Od ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
25 KV AC Railway Electrification
Railway electrification systems using alternating current (AC) at are used worldwide, especially for high-speed rail. It is usually supplied at the standard utility frequency (typically 50 or 60Hz), which simplifies traction substations. The development of 25kV AC electrification is closely connected with that of successfully using utility frequency. This electrification is ideal for railways that cover long distances or carry heavy traffic. After some experimentation before World War II in Hungary and in the Black Forest in Germany, it came into widespread use in the 1950s. One of the reasons why it was not introduced earlier was the lack of suitable small and lightweight control and rectification equipment before the development of solid-state rectifiers and related technology. Another reason was the increased clearance distances required where it ran under bridges and in tunnels, which would have required major civil engineering in order to provide the increased clearance t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Fertagus
Fertagus is a commuter rail operator connecting Lisbon, Portugal's capital, to suburbs on the Setúbal Peninsula, located to the south across the Tagus River. Fertagus crosses the river over the Ponte 25 de Abril. Fertagus is owned by the Portuguese transportation company, '' Grupo Barraqueiro''. The company's name derives from caminhos-de-ferro, meaning railway, and the Latin form of the river Tagus (which coincides with the English name). Fertagus is the first private rail operator in Portugal. The company pays Infraestruturas de Portugal (IP) a fee for use of its infrastructure. Fertagus transports 70,000 passengers daily. Stations Fertagus has a single line extending 54 kilometers, serving 14 stations. An end-to-end trip takes 57 minutes. The bridge crossing takes 7 minutes, while the time from between the stations closest to each end of the bridge is 9 minutes. North of the Tagus (Lisbon) * Roma-Areeiro * Entre-Campos * Sete-Rios *Campolide South of the Tagus (Setà ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
History Of Rail Transport In Portugal
The history of rail transport in Portugal dates from 28 October 1856, when Portugal's first railway line was opened between Lisbon and Carregado: the ''Companhia dos Caminhos de Ferro Portugueses''. The network was gradually expanded both south of the Tagus and to the north of the country, as well as in the metropolitan areas of Lisbon and Oporto and to Spain. In 1887 the Douro railway line was completed; also in 1887 the ''Sud Express'' from Lisbon to France operated for the first time. In 1892 a law was passed creating the Board of Directors of the ''CF Estado'' (State Railways), but most railways remain in private ownership albeit with greater state regulation and requirement for co-operation. In 1910 the Portuguese monarchy was replaced by a republican constitution; there were also notable strikes by railway workers in 1910, 1911, 1912, 1914, 1918, 1919, 1920, 1922 and 1923. In 1926 the railway between Cascais and Lisbon was electrified at 1500 volts DC and the line's new L ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Rail Transport In Portugal
Several companies provide rail transport in Portugal. * Comboios de Portugal * Fertagus * Lisbon Metro * Porto Metro * Metro Transportes do Sul ( light rail) Portugal is a member of the International Union of Railways (UIC). The UIC Country Code for Portugal is 94. There are rail links with Spain, which uses the same Iberian broad gauge. Network Infraestruturas de Portugal is the rail network administrating company, taking over control from REFER on 1 June 2015. The length of Portugal's railway system is as follows: * total: * broad gauge: gauge ( electrified) * metre gauge: gauge (2006) See also *History of rail transport in Portugal *List of Portuguese locomotives and railcars *Narrow gauge railways in Portugal Portugal formerly had several hundred kilometres of narrow-gauge railways, but by 2010 only two lines were still in operation – the Vouga line and the Metro de Mirandela. The lines were operated by Comboios de Portugal and maintained by REFE ... Ref ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Rail Transport Companies Of Portugal
Rail or rails may refer to: Rail transport *Rail transport and related matters *Rail (rail transport) or railway lines, the running surface of a railway Arts and media Film * ''Rails'' (film), a 1929 Italian film by Mario Camerini * ''Rail'' (1967 film), a film by Geoffrey Jones for British Transport Films *'' Mirattu'' or ''Rail'', a Tamil-language film and its Telugu dub Magazines * ''Rail'' (magazine), a British rail transport periodical * ''Rails'' (magazine), a former New Zealand based rail transport periodical Other arts *The Rails, a British folk-rock band * Rail (theater) or batten, a pipe from which lighting, scenery, or curtains are hung Technology *Rails framework or Ruby on Rails, a web application framework *Rail system (firearms), a mounting system for firearm attachments *Front engine dragster *Runway alignment indicator lights, a configuration of an approach lighting system *Rule Augmented Interconnect Layout, a specification for expressing guidelines for pri ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Railway Infrastructure Managers
Rail transport (also known as train transport) is a means of transport that transfers passengers and goods on wheeled vehicles running on rails, which are incorporated in tracks. In contrast to road transport, where the vehicles run on a prepared flat surface, rail vehicles (rolling stock) are directionally guided by the tracks on which they run. Tracks usually consist of steel rails, installed on sleepers (ties) set in ballast, on which the rolling stock, usually fitted with metal wheels, moves. Other variations are also possible, such as "slab track", in which the rails are fastened to a concrete foundation resting on a prepared subsurface. Rolling stock in a rail transport system generally encounters lower frictional resistance than rubber-tyred road vehicles, so passenger and freight cars (carriages and wagons) can be coupled into longer trains. The operation is carried out by a railway company, providing transport between train stations or freight customer facil ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Companies Established In 1997
A company, abbreviated as co., is a legal entity representing an association of people, whether natural, legal or a mixture of both, with a specific objective. Company members share a common purpose and unite to achieve specific, declared goals. Companies take various forms, such as: * voluntary associations, which may include nonprofit organizations * business entities, whose aim is generating profit * financial entities and banks * programs or educational institutions A company can be created as a legal person so that the company itself has limited liability as members perform or fail to discharge their duty according to the publicly declared incorporation, or published policy. When a company closes, it may need to be liquidated to avoid further legal obligations. Companies may associate and collectively register themselves as new companies; the resulting entities are often known as corporate groups. Meanings and definitions A company can be defined as an "artificial per ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
