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Razmnama
The ''Razmnāma'' (Book of War) (رزم نامہ) is a Persian translation of the Sanskrit epic Mahabharata, commissioned by the Mughal Emperor Akbar. In 1574, Akbar started a Maktab Khana or "House of Translation" in his new capital at Fatehpur Sikri. He assigned a group to translate the Sanskrit books ''Rajatarangini'', ''Ramayana'' and ''Mahabharata'' into the Persian language, the literary language of the Mughal court. Akbar's court translations were made in several steps: the meaning was explained by Hindu scholars and a first draft was made by the Muslim theologian Naqib Khan into Persian and this was then improved upon by Faizi into elegant prose or verse. In Persian, “Razm” means “war” and "nama" means "tale", "history", or "epic"; the name Razmnamah, therefore, means a tale of war. Four illustrated Mughal manuscripts are known, one complete, made between 1584 and 1586, and now in Jaipur, with 176 paintings of which 147 were reproduced in 1884 by Thomas Holbein H ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mughal Art
Mughal painting is a style of painting on paper confined to miniatures either as book illustrations or as single works to be kept in albums (muraqqa), from the territory of the Mughal Empire in South Asia. It emerged from Persian miniature painting (itself partly of Chinese origin) and developed in the court of the Mughal Empire of the 16th to 18th centuries. Battles, legendary stories, hunting scenes, wildlife, royal life, mythology, as well as other subjects have all been frequently depicted in paintings. The Mughal emperors were Muslims and they are credited with consolidating Islam in South Asia, and spreading Muslim (and particularly Persian) arts and culture as well as the faith. Mughal painting immediately took a much greater interest in realistic portraiture than was typical of Persian miniatures. Animals and plants were the main subject of many miniatures for albums, and were more realistically depicted. Although many classic works of Persian literature continued to b ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mahabharata
The ''Mahābhārata'' ( ; sa, महाभारतम्, ', ) is one of the two major Sanskrit epics of ancient India in Hinduism, the other being the ''Rāmāyaṇa''. It narrates the struggle between two groups of cousins in the Kurukshetra War and the fates of the Kaurava and the Pāṇḍava princes and their successors. It also contains philosophical and devotional material, such as a discussion of the four "goals of life" or ''puruṣārtha'' (12.161). Among the principal works and stories in the ''Mahābhārata'' are the '' Bhagavad Gita'', the story of Damayanti, the story of Shakuntala, the story of Pururava and Urvashi, the story of Savitri and Satyavan, the story of Kacha and Devayani, the story of Rishyasringa and an abbreviated version of the ''Rāmāyaṇa'', often considered as works in their own right. Traditionally, the authorship of the ''Mahābhārata'' is attributed to Vyāsa. There have been many attempts to unravel its historical growth and c ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Maktab Khana
The Maktab Khana (meaning "House of Translation") was a bureau of records and translation established by the Mughal Emperor Akbar in Fatehpur Sikri around 1574. Emperor Akbar commissioned his most talented scribes and secretaries to translate the major texts of India from Sanskrit into Persian and to illustrate the manuscripts in the royal workshops. Of these texts included the ''Mahabharata'' into the ''Razmnāma'' (Persian: رزم نامہ, lit. ''Book of War''), the ''Ramayana'', and the ''Rajatarangini''. Various Arabic encyclopedias and histories were also translated, as well as the entirety of the ''Baburnama'', the memoirs of Akbar's grandfather and founder of the Mughal dynasty, Babur. With this bureau, Akbar aspired to "form a basis for a united search for truth" and "enable the people to understand the true spirit of their religion." See also * Din-i Ilahi * Ganga–Jamuni Tehzeeb * Mughal painting * Razmnama The ''Razmnāma'' (Book of War) (رزم نامہ) i ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Daswanth
Daswanth or Dasavant (d. 1584) was a Mughal-era painter in the service of Akbar. He was a Hindu, probably of humble origin and was trained by the Persian master painter Khwāja ʿAbd al-Ṣamad. Of the large number of painters who worked in the imperial atelier, Daswanth and Basāvan were documented by name. Daswanth played the leading part in the illustration of the Jaipur originating family of folk tales called Razm-nāmeh, which is the Persian name for the Indian epic known as the ''Mahabharata''. A miniature in the Cleveland Museum of Art’s manuscript copy of the Ṭūṭī-nāmeh (“Parrot Book”) has also been attributed to him. Daswanth also illustrated one miniature in 'Tarikh-i-khandan-i-Timuriya' of Patna with other Artist Jagjiwan kalan. Of unstable mind, he killed himself in a fit of madness. in the |
Basawan
Basāwan, or Basāvan (flourished 1580–1600), was an Indian miniature painter in the Mughal style. He was known by his contemporaries as a skilled colorist and keen observer of human nature, and for his use of portraiture in the illustrations of ''Akbarnama'', Mughal Emperor, Akbar's official Biography, which is seen as an innovation in Indian art.Illustration from the Akbarnama: History of Akbar Biography Litte is known of the life of Basawan. He became a court painter for , where he came ...[...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mushfiq
Mushfiq was a sub-imperial Mughal painter who worked in the atelier of Abd-ur-Rahim Khan-i-Khanan (also called Abdul Rahim Khan-I-Khana), commander-in-chief of the Mughal army in the late 16th/early 17th century. He contributed numerous paintings to the Ramayana and Razmnama (Mahabharata The ''Mahābhārata'' ( ; sa, महाभारतम्, ', ) is one of the two major Sanskrit epics of ancient India in Hinduism, the other being the ''Rāmāyaṇa''. It narrates the struggle between two groups of cousins in the Kuruk ...) manuscripts commissioned by the Khan-i-Khanan. Several individual paintings in his hand, some of them signed, are also known. He is not known to have worked at Akbar or Jahangir's imperial workshops. External links The Emperors' album: images of Mughal India an exhibition catalog from The Metropolitan Museum of Art (fully available online as PDF), which contains material on MushfiqPainting by Mushfiq in the Freer Ramayana Mughal painters Ye ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Naqib Khan , director of Iraqi military intelligence
{{disambig, surname ...
''Naqib'', plural ''naqib'', is an Arabic word meaning "He who investigates, verifies". It can refer to: Historical titles * The "twelve naqibs", the leading missionaries of the ''Hashimiyya'' movement who prepared the Abbasid Revolution in Khurasan. * The ''naqib al-ashraf'', an honorary position in various Islamic states, given to the head representative of the ''ashraf'', the descendants of Muhammad. Surname * Mullah Naqib (1950–2007), Afghan mujahideen commander * Falah Hassan al-Naqib (born 1956), Iraqi politician * Zuhayr Talib Abd al-Sattar al-Naqib Zuhayr Talib Abd al-Sattar al-Naqib ( ar, زهير طالب عبد الستار النقيب; 1948 – 15 June 2020) was the last director of military intelligence in Iraq before the 2003 invasion US-led of Iraq. Biography He surrendered hims ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mughal Literature
Mughal or Moghul may refer to: Related to the Mughal Empire * Mughal Empire of South Asia between the 16th and 19th centuries * Mughal dynasty * Mughal emperors * Mughal people, a social group of Central and South Asia * Mughal architecture * Mughlai cuisine * Mughal painting Other uses * Moghulistan in Central Asia ** Moghol people * Moghul, Iran, a village * Mirza Mughal (1817–1857), a Mughal prince * Fiyaz Mughal, founder of Tell MAMA Tell MAMA (Measuring Anti-Muslim Attacks) is a national project which records and measures anti-Muslim incidents in the United Kingdom. It is modelled on the Jewish Community Security Trust (CST) and like the CST it also provides support for vi ... See also * Mogul (other) * Mughal-e-Azam (other) {{disambiguation ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Wayback Machine
The Wayback Machine is a digital archive of the World Wide Web founded by the Internet Archive, a nonprofit based in San Francisco, California. Created in 1996 and launched to the public in 2001, it allows the user to go "back in time" and see how websites looked in the past. Its founders, Brewster Kahle and Bruce Gilliat, developed the Wayback Machine to provide "universal access to all knowledge" by preserving archived copies of defunct web pages. Launched on May 10, 1996, the Wayback Machine had more than 38.2 million records at the end of 2009. , the Wayback Machine had saved more than 760 billion web pages. More than 350 million web pages are added daily. History The Wayback Machine began archiving cached web pages in 1996. One of the earliest known pages was saved on May 10, 1996, at 2:08p.m. Internet Archive founders Brewster Kahle and Bruce Gilliat launched the Wayback Machine in San Francisco, California, in October 2001, primarily to address the problem of web co ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Abu'l-Fazl Ibn Mubarak
Abu'l-Fazl ibn Mubarak, also known as Abul sharma, Abu'l Fadl and Abu'l-Fadl 'Allami (14 January 1551 – 22 August 1602), was the grand vizier of the Mughal emperor Akbar, from his appointment in 1579 until his death in 1602. He was the author of the ''Akbarnama'', the official history of Akbar's reign in three volumes, (the third volume is known as the '' Ain-i-Akbari'') and a Persian translation of the Bible.Abu al Fazl Biography and Works persian.packhum.org. He was also one of the Nine Jewels ( hi, script=Latn, Navaratnas) of Akbar's royal court and the brother of , the poet la ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Shlokas
Shloka or śloka ( sa, श्लोक , from the root , Macdonell, Arthur A., ''A Sanskrit Grammar for Students'', Appendix II, p. 232 (Oxford University Press, 3rd edition, 1927). in a broader sense, according to Monier-Williams's dictionary, is "any verse or stanza; a proverb, saying"; but in particular it refers to the 32-line verse, derived from the Vedic ''anuṣṭubh'' metre, used in the ''Bhagavad Gita'' and many other works of classical Sanskrit literature. In its usual form it consists of four ''pādas'' or quarter-verses, of 8 syllables each, or (according to an alternative analysis) of two half-verses of 16 syllables each. The metre is similar to the Vedic ''anuṣṭubh'' metre, but with stricter rules. The ''śloka'' is the basis for Indian epic poetry, and may be considered the Indian verse form ''par excellence'', occurring as it does far more frequently than any other metre in classical Sanskrit poetry. The ''śloka'' is the verse-form generally used in the ''Maha ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
