Ragnvald Indrebø
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Ragnvald Indrebø
Ragnvald Andreas Indrebø (22 November 1891–26 June 1984) was a Norwegian Lutheran Bishop. He was born in Os. He was part of the movement to translate the Norwegian Bible into the Nynorsk written language during the 1930s. He edited the periodical '' Luthersk Kirketidende'' from 1938 to 1948. He served as Bishop of the Diocese of Bjørgvin from 1948 to 1961. Early life Ragnvald Indrebø was born on 22 November 1891 in Os, a small municipality, just south of the city of Bergen in Hordaland county, Norway. His parents were Ludvig Johannes Indrebø and Severine Malene Frøysland. His brother was Gustav Indrebø, who went on to be a famous linguist in Norway. The family moved around when he was young, living in Jølster, Gaular, and finally Vestre Aker. In 1911, he began to study theology at the MF Norwegian School of Theology in Oslo. He received his Cand.theol. degree in 1918. Career Indrebø first took a job as a teacher from 1919–1922. In 1922, he was hired as the ...
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Os, Hordaland
Os is a former municipality in the old Hordaland county, Norway. It was located in the Midhordland region, just south of Norway's second-largest city, Bergen. Due to its proximity to Bergen, Os experienced strong population growth. The administrative centre (and commercial centre) of Os was the village of Osøyro. It is the largest settlement in the municipality, with over 60% of the municipal residents living here. Other large villages in Os included Hagavik, Halhjem, Søfteland, Søre Øyane, and Søvik. On 1 January 2020, the municipality became part of Bjørnafjorden Municipality in Vestland county. Prior to its dissolution in 2020, the municipality is the 360th largest by area out of the 422 municipalities in Norway. Os is the 57th most populous municipality in Norway with a population of 20,152. The municipality's population density is and its population has increased by 29.2% over the last decade. History The parish of Os was established as a formannskapsdistrikt, ...
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Theology
Theology is the systematic study of the nature of the divine and, more broadly, of religious belief. It is taught as an academic discipline, typically in universities and seminaries. It occupies itself with the unique content of analyzing the supernatural, but also deals with religious epistemology, asks and seeks to answer the question of revelation. Revelation pertains to the acceptance of God, gods, or deities, as not only transcendent or above the natural world, but also willing and able to interact with the natural world and, in particular, to reveal themselves to humankind. While theology has turned into a secular field , religious adherents still consider theology to be a discipline that helps them live and understand concepts such as life and love and that helps them lead lives of obedience to the deities they follow or worship. Theologians use various forms of analysis and argument ( experiential, philosophical, ethnographic, historical, and others) to help understa ...
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Per Juvkam
Per Juvkam (1907–2003) was a Norwegian Lutheran Bishop. He was born in 1907 in Sør-Aurdal in Oppland county, Norway. He served as Bishop of the Diocese of Bjørgvin from 1961 to 1977. Juvkam began his career as a priest in Vestre Toten in 1938. He served there until 1950 when he took a new job as the head parish priest for the parish of Vestre Slidre. In 1957, he took a new job as a priest in the Sinsen parish in Oslo. After 3 years on that job, in 1961 he was named the Bishop of the Diocese of Bjørgvin, based in the city of Bergen. He retired in 1971. Juvkam did some writing in the 1970s and 1980s during his retirement. Among his publications are a collection of sermons called ''Høgtidsdagar i Bjørgvin'' from 1977 and a book about the church in Norway ''Folkekirken – visjon og virkelighet'' from 1980. He also worked on the translation of the Bible into Nynorsk. Juvkam died in Oslo Oslo ( , , or ; sma, Oslove) is the capital and most populous city o ...
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Andreas Fleischer
Andreas Fleischer (5 November 1878–23 November 1957) was a Norwegian theologian, missionary to China, and Lutheranism, Lutheran Bishop. He was born in Hegra, Norway, and was a brother to General Carl Gustav Fleischer. He was Bishop of the Diocese of Bjørgvin from 1932 to 1949. He wrote several books during his lifetime, including some in Chinese. Early life Andreas Fleischer was born in the village of Hegra in Nord-Trøndelag county, Norway on 5 November 1878. His father was a pastor, Carl Edvard Fleischer and his mother was Johanne Sophie Fergstad. He went to school in Trondheim, graduating in 1896. He then went to the University of Oslo and received his Cand.theol. degree in 1902. Career Fleischer's first job was as a priest in Trondheim in 1903. This position was not long lasting. In 1904, Fleischer moved to China to become a missionary in Hunan province. While in China in 1908, he married Petra Amalie Margreta Ulsaker, the daughter of another Norwegian minister. He ...
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Bible
The Bible (from Koine Greek , , 'the books') is a collection of religious texts or scriptures that are held to be sacred in Christianity, Judaism, Samaritanism, and many other religions. The Bible is an anthologya compilation of texts of a variety of forms originally written in Hebrew, Aramaic, and Koine Greek. These texts include instructions, stories, poetry, and prophecies, among other genres. The collection of materials that are accepted as part of the Bible by a particular religious tradition or community is called a biblical canon. Believers in the Bible generally consider it to be a product of divine inspiration, but the way they understand what that means and interpret the text can vary. The religious texts were compiled by different religious communities into various official collections. The earliest contained the first five books of the Bible. It is called the Torah in Hebrew and the Pentateuch (meaning ''five books'') in Greek; the second oldest part was a coll ...
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Kristian Vilhelm Koren Schjelderup, Jr
Kristian is a name in several languages, and is a form of Christian. Meaning in different languages The name is used in several languages, among them Albanian, Slovak, Danish, Finnish, Norwegian, Swedish, Bosnian, Macedonian, Bulgarian and Croatian. In some languages people with the name are sometimes named after the cross, not after Christ. The word cross in Bulgarian, Macedonian, Serbian is ''kr'st'' and in Russian is ''krest'', in some cases pronounced ''krist''. In contrast Christ in these Slavic languages is called ''Hristos'', which confuses to which of both nouns the name sounds more similar. The name may have a third meaning in Bulgarian and Macedonian, in which the word ''kr'sten'' means baptized and has the same as the word for cross. Though sounding similar, the words cross and Christian have different roots, ''Christian'' derives from the Koine Greek word ''Christós'', possibly ultimately derived from the Egyptian ''kheru'', "word" or "voice", used to repla ...
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Ole Hallesby
Ole Kristian Hallesby (5 August 1879 – 22 November 1961) was a conservative, Norwegian Lutheran theologian, author and educator. Biography Ole Kristian Hallesby was born in Aremark, in Østfold, Norway. Hallesby grew up as the sixth of eight siblings on a family farm with a father also served as an assistant pastor. His family was from the Lutheran piety of the Haugean heritage. He graduated with a degree in theology in 1903 and was awarded his doctorate in 1909. Ole Kristian Hallesby taught at the Free Faculty of Theology from 1909 to 1952. He was chairman of the Norwegian Santal Mission 1902-1906 and chairman of the Norwegian Lutheran Inner Mission Society (''Det norske lutherske Indremisjonsselskap'') from 1923 to 1956. He was also central to the founding of Norwegian Christian Student and School Association in 1924. Nazi occupation of Norway An outspoken opponent of the Nazi occupation of Norway, he was arrested and detained at Grini concentration camp for two years (u ...
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Female Priests
The ordination of women to ministerial or priestly office is an increasingly common practice among some contemporary major religious groups. It remains a controversial issue in certain Christian traditions and most denominations in which "ordination" (the process by which a person is understood to be consecrated and set apart by God for the administration of various religious rites) was often a traditionally male dominated profession (except within the diaconate and early heretical movement known as Montanism). In some cases, women have been permitted to be ordained, but not to hold higher positions, such as (until July 2014) that of bishop in the Church of England. Where laws prohibit sex discrimination in employment, exceptions are often made for clergy (for example, in the United States) on grounds of separation of church and state. The following aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the ordination of women from ancient to contemporary times. Religious groups are orde ...
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Hell
In religion and folklore, hell is a location in the afterlife in which evil souls are subjected to punitive suffering, most often through torture, as eternal punishment after death. Religions with a linear divine history often depict hells as eternal destinations, the biggest examples of which are Christianity and Islam, whereas religions with reincarnation usually depict a hell as an intermediary period between incarnations, as is the case in the dharmic religions. Religions typically locate hell in another dimension or under Earth's surface. Other afterlife destinations include heaven, paradise, purgatory, limbo, and the underworld. Other religions, which do not conceive of the afterlife as a place of punishment or reward, merely describe an abode of the dead, the grave, a neutral place that is located under the surface of Earth (for example, see Kur, Hades, and Sheol). Such places are sometimes equated with the English word ''hell'', though a more correct translatio ...
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Kulturkirken Jakob
Kulturkirken Jakob (in English St. James Church of Culture) is a church in Oslo, Norway, designed by architect Georg Andreas Bull and built in 1880. The original name of the Church was St James's Church or Jakobs kirke. The church is named after the James, son of Zebedee, Apostle James (the Great), in Norwegian language: Apostelen Jakob. The altarpiece of the building year by Eilif Peterssen and shows the adoring shepherds. In the porch hangs a relief of the Archangel Michael. Church of Culture The church, with 600 seats, served as the parish church of Jakob parish until 1985, when it was closed by the due to building restoration. The church was reopened in February 2000 as a church of culture, directed by Kirkelig Kulturverksted for long term rental of the Church of Norway (Kirkelig Fellesråd) in Oslo. The church is one of the few pure churches of culture, with performances of theater, dance and other cultural expressions. The basement has showrooms for exhibitions. Refe ...
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YMCA
YMCA, sometimes regionally called the Y, is a worldwide youth organization based in Geneva, Switzerland, with more than 64 million beneficiaries in 120 countries. It was founded on 6 June 1844 by George Williams in London, originally as the Young Men's Christian Association, and aims to put Christian values into practice by developing a healthy "body, mind, and spirit". From its inception, it grew rapidly and ultimately became a worldwide movement founded on the principles of muscular Christianity. Local YMCAs deliver projects and services focused on youth development through a wide variety of youth activities, including providing athletic facilities, holding classes for a wide variety of skills, promoting Christianity, and humanitarian work. YMCA is a non-governmental federation, with each independent local YMCA affiliated with its national organization. The national organizations, in turn, are part of both an Area Alliance (Europe, Asia Pacific, the Middle East, Af ...
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Sunnfjord
Sunnfjord ( en, the southern fjord - in contrast to Nordfjord) is a traditional district in Western Norway located in Vestland county. It includes the municipalities of Askvoll, Fjaler, the southernmost parts of Kinn, Sunnfjord, and the southernmost parts of Bremanger. It covers an area of about and has a population (2016) of 43,324–about 8% of the population of Vestland county. The central geographical characteristic of the Sunnfjord region are the fjords: Dalsfjorden and Førdefjorden. It is a tourist region, with waterfalls, fishing, white-water rafting, glaciers, hiking, and scenery–including Jostedalsbreen National Park. The area was the site of the largest air battle over Norway during World War II, and a museum is dedicated to the event in Naustdal. There are two airports in Sunnfjord: Førde Airport, Bringeland, just outside the town of Førde, and Florø Airport, just outside the town of Florø. The European route E39 European route E39 is the de ...
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