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Ptychographa
''Ptychographa'' is a genus of lichenized fungi in the family Xylographaceae. It is a monotypic In biology, a monotypic taxon is a taxonomic group (taxon) that contains only one immediately subordinate taxon. A monotypic species is one that does not include subspecies or smaller, infraspecific taxa. In the case of genera, the term "unispec ... genus, containing the single species ''Ptychographa xylographoides''. Both the species and genus were described as new in 1874 by Finnish botanist William Nylander. References Baeomycetales Lichen genera Baeomycetales genera Taxa named by William Nylander (botanist) Taxa described in 1874 {{Lecanoromycetes-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Xylographaceae
''Xylographaceae'' is a family of lichen-forming fungi in the order Baeomycetales. It contains four genera and 25 species. Taxonomy The family was circumscribed in 1888 by American lichenologist Edward Tuckerman (as "Xylographei"). His concept of the family included only ''Agyrium'', and the type genus, '' Xylographa''. In 1929, British lichenologist Walter Watson published a system of lichen classification and included the genera '' Lithographa'', '' Ptychographa'', and '' Encephalographa'' in the Xylographaceae, leaving out ''Agyrium''. After that, the family was rarely used until it was resurrected in 2015 following molecular phylogenetic analysis of trapelioid fungi in the subclass Ostropomycetidae. In this analysis, it was determined that trapelioid taxa fall into two major phylogenetic groups; the first group – containing the genera ''Rimularia'', ''Placynthiella'', ''Trapeliopsis'', ''Trapelia'', and ''Placopsis'' – are part of the family Trapeliaceae. The remaining t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
James Mascall Morrison Crombie
Rev. James Mascall Morrison Crombie (1831 – 12 May 1906) was a Scottish lichenologist. Biography Crombie was born in Aberdeen sometime in 1831, and attended Marischal College. He went on to earn his M.A. from Edinburgh University. His first publication was a small volume on the natural history Braemar in 1861.Miscellaneous Notes. (1906). Bulletin of Miscellaneous Information (Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew), 1906(6), 224-240. Retrieved from http://www.jstor.org/stable/4113212 In 1862, Crombie became an ordained minister in the Church of Scotland. He was named Fellow of the Linnean Society in 1869. He began to publish his accounts of British lichens in 1870. In 1879, Crombie was hired as a lecturer on botany at St Mary's Hospital Medical School, where he continued his studies on lichens. He determined specimens brought to him by travelers, and he delved into the herbaria of Johann Jacob Dillenius and William Withering. Many of his determinations were housed in the herbarium at ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Baeomycetales
The Baeomycetales are an order of mostly lichen-forming fungi in the subclass Ostropomycetidae, in the class Lecanoromycetes. It contains 8 families, 33 genera and about 170 species. As a result of molecular phylogenetics research published in the late 2010s, several orders were folded into the Baeomycetales, resulting in a substantial increase in the number of taxa. Taxonomy The family Baeomycetaceae was originally proposed by Barthélemy Charles Joseph Dumortier in 1829 (under the spelling ''Baeomyceae''); he included two genera, ''Baeomyces'' and ''Calicium''. Baeomycetaceae was initially classified in the Lecanorales, and Baeomycetaceae and Cladoniaceae were thought to be closely related, sharing a phylogenetic origin in Lecideaceae. It was transferred to the order Helotiales based on the structure of its ascus, which is similar to those in genus '' Leotia''. However, the Helotiales consists of mostly non-lichenised fungi. The first DNA studies conducted with ''Baeomyces ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Baeomycetales Genera
The Baeomycetales are an order of mostly lichen-forming fungi in the subclass Ostropomycetidae, in the class Lecanoromycetes. It contains 8 families, 33 genera and about 170 species. As a result of molecular phylogenetics research published in the late 2010s, several orders were folded into the Baeomycetales, resulting in a substantial increase in the number of taxa. Taxonomy The family Baeomycetaceae was originally proposed by Barthélemy Charles Joseph Dumortier in 1829 (under the spelling ''Baeomyceae''); he included two genera, ''Baeomyces'' and ''Calicium''. Baeomycetaceae was initially classified in the Lecanorales, and Baeomycetaceae and Cladoniaceae were thought to be closely related, sharing a phylogenetic origin in Lecideaceae. It was transferred to the order Helotiales based on the structure of its ascus, which is similar to those in genus ''Leotia''. However, the Helotiales consists of mostly non-lichenised fungi. The first DNA studies conducted with ''Baeomyce ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tomas
Tomas may refer to: People * Tomás (given name), a Spanish, Portuguese, and Gaelic given name * Tomas (given name), a Swedish, Dutch, and Lithuanian given name * Tomáš, a Czech and Slovak given name * Tomas (surname), a French and Croatian surname * Tomás (surname), a Spanish and Portuguese surname * Tomaš (surname), a Croatian surname * ''Tomas.'', taxonomic author abbreviation of Ruggero Tomaselli (1920–1982), Italian botanist Places * Tomaš, Croatia, a village near Bjelovar * Tomaș River, a tributary of the Gârbăul Mare River in Romania * Tomas District, Peru Other uses * Tropical Storm Tomas (other), numerous storms * ''Tomas'' (novel), 2009 novel by James Palumbo * Convento de Santo Tomás (Madrid) See also * Thomas (other) * Tom (other) Tom or TOM may refer to: * Tom (given name), a diminutive of Thomas or Tomás or an independent Aramaic given name (and a list of people with the name) Characters * Tom Anderson, a character in '' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Genus
Genus ( plural genera ) is a taxonomic rank used in the biological classification of extant taxon, living and fossil organisms as well as Virus classification#ICTV classification, viruses. In the hierarchy of biological classification, genus comes above species and below family (taxonomy), family. In binomial nomenclature, the genus name forms the first part of the binomial species name for each species within the genus. :E.g. ''Panthera leo'' (lion) and ''Panthera onca'' (jaguar) are two species within the genus ''Panthera''. ''Panthera'' is a genus within the family Felidae. The composition of a genus is determined by taxonomy (biology), taxonomists. The standards for genus classification are not strictly codified, so different authorities often produce different classifications for genera. There are some general practices used, however, including the idea that a newly defined genus should fulfill these three criteria to be descriptively useful: # monophyly – all descendants ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lichen
A lichen ( , ) is a composite organism that arises from algae or cyanobacteria living among filaments of multiple fungi species in a mutualistic relationship.Introduction to Lichens – An Alliance between Kingdoms . University of California Museum of Paleontology. Lichens have properties different from those of their component organisms. They come in many colors, sizes, and forms and are sometimes plant-like, but are not s. They may have tiny, leafless branches (); flat leaf-like structures ( |
Fungi
A fungus ( : fungi or funguses) is any member of the group of eukaryotic organisms that includes microorganisms such as yeasts and molds, as well as the more familiar mushrooms. These organisms are classified as a kingdom, separately from the other eukaryotic kingdoms, which by one traditional classification include Plantae, Animalia, Protozoa, and Chromista. A characteristic that places fungi in a different kingdom from plants, bacteria, and some protists is chitin in their cell walls. Fungi, like animals, are heterotrophs; they acquire their food by absorbing dissolved molecules, typically by secreting digestive enzymes into their environment. Fungi do not photosynthesize. Growth is their means of mobility, except for spores (a few of which are flagellated), which may travel through the air or water. Fungi are the principal decomposers in ecological systems. These and other differences place fungi in a single group of related organisms, named the ''Eumycota'' (''t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Monotypic
In biology, a monotypic taxon is a taxonomic group (taxon) that contains only one immediately subordinate taxon. A monotypic species is one that does not include subspecies or smaller, infraspecific taxa. In the case of genera, the term "unispecific" or "monospecific" is sometimes preferred. In botanical nomenclature, a monotypic genus is a genus in the special case where a genus and a single species are simultaneously described. In contrast, an oligotypic taxon contains more than one but only a very few subordinate taxa. Examples Just as the term ''monotypic'' is used to describe a taxon including only one subdivision, the contained taxon can also be referred to as monotypic within the higher-level taxon, e.g. a genus monotypic within a family. Some examples of monotypic groups are: Plants * In the order Amborellales, there is only one family, Amborellaceae and there is only one genus, '' Amborella'', and in this genus there is only one species, namely ''Amborella trichopoda. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
William Nylander (botanist)
William (Wilhem) Nylander (3 January 1822 – 29 March 1899) was a Finnish botanist and entomologist. Nylander was born in Oulu, and taught at the University of Helsinki before moving to Paris, where he lived until his death in 1899. Nylander studied medicine, receiving a degree in 1847. Nylander pioneered the technique of determining the taxonomy of lichens by the use of chemical reagents, such as potassium hydroxide, tinctures of iodine and calcium hypochlorite, still used by lichenologists as the K and C tests. Nylander was the first to realise the effect of atmospheric pollution Air pollution is the contamination of air due to the presence of substances in the atmosphere that are harmful to the health of humans and other living beings, or cause damage to the climate or to materials. There are many different types ... on the growth of lichens, an important discovery that paved the way for the use of lichens to detect pollution and determine the cleanness o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Species Fungorum
''Index Fungorum'' is an international project to index all formal names (scientific names) in the fungus kingdom. the project is based at the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, one of three partners along with Landcare Research and the Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences. It is somewhat comparable to the International Plant Names Index (IPNI), in which the Royal Botanic Gardens is also involved. A difference is that where IPNI does not indicate correct names, the ''Index Fungorum'' does indicate the status of a name. In the returns from the search page a currently correct name is indicated in green, while others are in blue (a few, aberrant usages of names are indicated in red). All names are linked to pages giving the correct name, with lists of synonyms. ''Index Fungorum'' is one of three nomenclatural repositories recognized by the Nomenclature Committee for Fungi; the others are ''MycoBank'' and ''Fungal Names''. Current names in ''Index Fungorum'' (''Specie ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lichen Genera
A lichen ( , ) is a composite organism that arises from algae or cyanobacteria living among filaments of multiple fungi species in a mutualistic relationship.Introduction to Lichens – An Alliance between Kingdoms . University of California Museum of Paleontology. Lichens have properties different from those of their component organisms. They come in many colors, sizes, and forms and are sometimes plant-like, but are not s. They may have tiny, leafless branches (); flat leaf-like structures ( |
