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Polypodiineae
Polypodiineae is a suborder of ferns in the order Polypodiales. It is equivalent to the clade eupolypods I in earlier systems, and to the very broadly defined family Polypodiaceae in the classification of Christenhusz & Chase (2014). It probably diverged from the suborder Aspleniineae (eupolypods II) during the mid-Cretaceous. The divergence is supported by both molecular data and an often overlooked morphological characteristic which lies in the vasculature of the petiole. Most species that make up the suborder have three vascular bundles. The only exceptions are the grammitid ferns which have one, and the genus '' Hypodematium'' which has two. This differs from eupolypods II which mostly have two vascular bundles (except the well-nested blechnoid ferns which generally have at least three). Taxonomy In the Pteridophyte Phylogeny Group classification of 2016 (PPG I), the group is treated as the suborder Polypodiineae, and divided into 11 families. Alternatively, it may be trea ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Polypodiales
The order Polypodiales encompasses the major lineages of polypod ferns, which comprise more than 80% of today's fern species. They are found in many parts of the world including tropical, semitropical and temperate areas. Description Polypodiales are unique in bearing sporangia with a vertical annulus interrupted by the stalk and stomium. These sporangial characters were used by Johann Jakob Bernhardi to define a group of ferns he called the "Cathetogyratae"; the Pteridophyte Phylogeny Group has suggested reviving this name as the informal term cathetogyrates, to replace the ambiguously circumscribed term "polypods" when referring to the Polypodiales. The sporangia are born on stalks 1–3 cells thick and are often long-stalked. (In contrast, the Hymenophyllales have a stalk composed of four rows of cells.) The sporangia do not reach maturity simultaneously. Many groups in the order lack indusia, but when present, they are attached either along the edge of the indusium or in its ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Polypodiaceae
Polypodiaceae is a family of ferns. In the Pteridophyte Phylogeny Group classification of 2016 (PPG I), the family includes around 65 genera and an estimated 1,650 species and is placed in the order Polypodiales, suborder Polypodiineae. A broader circumscription has also been used, in which the family includes other families kept separate in PPG I. Nearly all species are epiphytes, but some are terrestrial. Description Stems of Polypodiaceae range from erect to long-creeping. The fronds are entire, pinnatifid, or variously forked or pinnate. The petioles lack stipules. The scaly rhizomes are generally creeping in nature. Polypodiaceae species are found in wet climates, most commonly in rain forests. In temperate zones, most species tend to be epiphytic or epipetric. Notable examples of ferns in this family include the resurrection fern (''Pleopeltis polypodioides'') and the golden serpent fern (''Phlebodium aureum''). Taxonomy Two distinct circumscriptions of the family are in ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hypodematiaceae
Hypodematiaceae is a family of ferns in the order Polypodiales. In the Pteridophyte Phylogeny Group classification of 2016 (PPG I), the family is placed in the suborder Polypodiineae. Alternatively, it may be treated as the subfamily Hypodematioideae of a very broadly defined family Polypodiaceae ''sensu lato''. The family consists of two, or in some versions three, small genera. Taxonomy Hypodematiaceae was erected by Ren-Chang Ching in 1975,Ren-Chang Ching. 1975. ''Acta Phytotaxonomica Sinica'' 13(1):96.James L. Reveal. 2008 onward. "A Checklist of Family and Suprafamilial Names for Extant Vascular Plants." At: Home page of James L. Reveal and C. Rose Broome. (see ''External links'' below). but was not subsequently accepted by many authors. It was not accepted in a classification of ferns that was published in 2006.Alan R. Smith, Kathleen M. Pryer, Eric Schuettpelz, Petra Korall, Harald Schneider, and Paul G. Wolf. 2006. "A classification for extant ferns". ''Taxon'' 5 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lomariopsidaceae
The Lomariopsidaceae is a family of ferns with a largely tropical distribution. In the Pteridophyte Phylogeny Group classification of 2016 (PPG I), the family is placed in the suborder Polypodiineae (eupolypods I) of the order Polypodiales. Alternatively, it may be treated as the subfamily Lomariopsidoideae of a very broadly defined family Polypodiaceae ''sensu lato''. Genera The Pteridophyte Phylogeny Group classification of 2016 (PPG I) included four genera. ''Dryopolystichum'' was added in 2017, and ''Thysanosoria'' is now included in ''Lomariopsis'', so that four genera are recognized : *'' Cyclopeltis'' J.Sm. *'' Dracoglossum'' Christenh. *'' Dryopolystichum'' Copel. *'' Lomariopsis'' Fée (including ''Thysanosoria'') The genus '' Nephrolepis'' has also been placed in this family, but it is now placed in its own family, Nephrolepidaceae. Some members of the Lomariopsidaceae are cultivated as ornamental plants. Phylogeny The following cladogram for the suborder Poly ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Davalliaceae
'' Davallia'' (deersfoot fern, hare's foot fern, shinobu fern, rabbit foot fern, ball fern) is a genus of about 40 species of fern. In the Pteridophyte Phylogeny Group classification of 2016 (PPG I), it is the only genus in the family Davalliaceae, which is placed in the suborder Polypodiineae, order Polypodiales. Alternatively, the family may be placed in a very broadly defined family Polypodiaceae ''sensu lato'' as the subfamily Davallioideae. The family is sister to the largest family of ferns, Polypodiaceae, and shares some morphological characters with it.Karl U. Kramer. 1990. "Davalliaceae". pages 74-80. In: Klaus Kubitzki (general editor); Karl U. Kramer and Peter S. Green (volume editors) ''The Families and Genera of Vascular Plants'' volume I. Springer-Verlag: Berlin;Heidelberg, Germany. Species are epiphytic ferns, with fronds arising from long aerial rhizomes which grow on and over thick bark on trees or on rock crevices. Description Usually epiphytic or epi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Oleandraceae
Oleandra is a genus of ferns. In the Pteridophyte Phylogeny Group classification of 2016 (PPG I), it is the only genus in the family Oleandraceae, which is placed in suborder Polypodiineae, order Polypodiales. Alternatively, the family may be placed in a very broadly defined family Polypodiaceae ''sensu lato'' as the subfamily Oleandroideae. The genus contains about 15 species. Most are erect ground ferns or scandent epiphytes that start from the ground. The lamina (leafy area of the fronds) are simple or pinnate, and the individual pinnae are articulate to the rachis. The sporangia are contained in discrete round sori in a single row on either side of the midrib of the fronds. Phylogeny The following cladogram for the suborder Polypodiineae (eupolypods I), based on the consensus cladogram in the Pteridophyte Phylogeny Group classification of 2016 (PPG I), shows a likely phylogenetic In biology, phylogenetics (; from Greek φυλή/ φῦλον [] "tribe, clan, race", and wi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Dryopteridaceae
The Dryopteridaceae are a Family (biology), family of leptosporangiate ferns in the Order (biology), order Polypodiales. They are known Common name, colloquially as the wood ferns. In the Pteridophyte Phylogeny Group classification of 2016 (PPG I), the family is placed in the suborder Polypodiineae. Alternatively, it may be treated as the subfamily Dryopteridoideae of a very broadly defined family Polypodiaceae ''Sensu, sensu lato''. The family contains about 1700 species and has a cosmopolitan distribution. Species may be terrestrial plant, terrestrial, epipetric, hemiepiphyte, hemiepiphytic, or epiphytic. Many are Gardening, cultivated as ornamental plants. The largest genera are ''Elaphoglossum'' (600+), ''Polystichum'' (260), ''Dryopteris'' (225), and ''Ctenitis'' (150). These four genera contain about 70% of the species. Dryopteridaceae Evolutionary radiation, diverged from the other families in eupolypods I about 100 million years ago. Description The rhizomes are ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pteridophyte Phylogeny Group
The Pteridophyte Phylogeny Group, or PPG, is an informal international group of systematic botanists who collaborate to establish a consensus on the classification of pteridophytes (lycophytes and ferns) that reflects knowledge about plant relationships discovered through phylogenetic studies. In 2016, the group published a classification for extant pteridophytes, termed "PPG I". The paper had 94 authors (26 principal and 68 additional). PPG I A first classification, PPG I, was produced in 2016, covering only extant (living) pteridophytes. The classification was rank-based, using the ranks of class, subclass, order, suborder, family, subfamily and genus. Phylogeny The classification was based on a consensus phylogeny, shown below to the level of order. The very large order Polypodiales was divided into two suborders, as well as families not placed in a suborder: Classification to subfamily level To the level of subfamily, the PPG I classification is as follows. *Class Lycopodi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tectariaceae
Tectariaceae is a family of leptosporangiate ferns in the order Polypodiales. In the Pteridophyte Phylogeny Group classification of 2016 (PPG I), the family is placed in the suborder Polypodiineae. Alternatively, it may be treated as the subfamily Tectarioideae of a very broadly defined family Polypodiaceae ''sensu lato''. The family comprises seven genera, of which ''Tectaria'' is by far the largest. Taxonomy In 1990, Karl U. Kramer and coauthors treated ''Pleocnemia'' and 7 of the currently recognized genera as a subfamily of Dryopteridaceae.Karl U. Kramer (with Richard E. Holttum, Robin C. Moran, and Alan R. Smith). 1990. "Dryopteridaceae". pages ??. In: Klaus Kubitzki (general editor); Karl U. Kramer and Peter S. Green (volume editors) ''The Families and Genera of Vascular Plants'' volume I. Springer-Verlag: Berlin;Heidelberg, Germany. Two other genera, ''Arthropteris'' and ''Psammiosorus'', along with ''Oleandra'', constituted Kramer's Oleandraceae. It is now known tha ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nephrolepidaceae
''Nephrolepis'' is a genus of about 30 species of ferns. It is the only genus in the family Nephrolepidaceae, placed in the suborder Aspleniineae (eupolypods I) of the order Polypodiales in the Pteridophyte Phylogeny Group classification of 2016 (PPG I). (It is placed in the Dryopteridaceae in some other classifications.) The genus is commonly referred to as macho ferns or Boston ferns. The fronds are long and narrow, and once-pinnate, in the case of one Bornean species reaching thirty feet (nine meters) in length. Phylogeny The following cladogram for the suborder Polypodiineae (eupolypods I), based on the consensus cladogram in the Pteridophyte Phylogeny Group classification of 2016 (PPG I), shows a likely phylogenetic relationship between Nephrolepidaceae and the other families of the clade. Selected species * ''Nephrolepis biserrata'' (Sw.) Schott. ( syn. ''Aspidium bisseratum'' Sw., ''Aspidium acutum'' Schkuhr, ''Nephrolepis acuta'' (Schkuhr) C. Presl, ''Polypodium puct ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pteridaceae
Pteridaceae is a family of ferns in the order Polypodiales, including some 1150 known species in ca 45 genera (depending on taxonomic opinions), divided over five subfamilies. The family includes four groups of genera that are sometimes recognized as separate families: the adiantoid, cheilanthoid, pteridoid, and hemionitidoid ferns. Relationships among these groups remain unclear, and although some recent genetic analyses of the Pteridales suggest that neither the family Pteridaceae nor the major groups within it are all monophyletic, as yet these analyses are insufficiently comprehensive and robust to provide good support for a revision of the order at the family level. Description Members of Pteridaceae have creeping or erect rhizomes. The leaves are almost always compound and have linear sori that are typically on the margins of the leaves and lack a true indusium, typically being protected by a false indusium formed from the reflexed margin of the leaf. Taxonomy Tradi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Didymochlaenaceae
''Didymochlaena'' is a genus of fern with only one species, ''Didymochlaena truncatula'', also known under the synonym ''Didymochlaena sinuosa''. In the Pteridophyte Phylogeny Group classification of 2016 (PPG I), it is the only genus in the family ''Didymochlaenaceae''. Alternatively, the family may be placed in a very broadly defined family Polypodiaceae ''sensu lato'' as the subfamily Didymochlaenoideae. It is commonly grown as a house plant A houseplant, sometimes known as a pot plant, potted plant, or an indoor plant, is an ornamental plant that is grown indoors. As such, they are found in places like residences and offices, mainly for decorative purposes. Common houseplants are us ..., and is sometimes known as the mahogany maidenhair. Species * ''D. attenuata'' (Bonap. 1917) Zhang & Shang 2020 * ''D. bipinnatipartita'' (Bonap. 1925) Zhang & Shang 2020 * ''D. deltoidea'' Zhang & Shang 2020 * ''D. dimidiata'' Kunze 1844 * †''D. freyeri'' (Unger 1852) von Ettingshausen ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
