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Penryn (microarchitecture)
In Intel's Tick-Tock cycle, the 2007/2008 "Tick" was the shrink of the Core microarchitecture to 45 nanometers as CPUID model 23. In Core 2 processors, it is used with the code names Penryn (Socket P), Wolfdale (LGA 775) and Yorkfield (MCM, LGA 775), some of which are also sold as Celeron, Pentium and Xeon processors. In the Xeon brand, the Wolfdale-DP and Harpertown code names are used for LGA 771 based MCMs with two or four active Wolfdale cores. Architectural improvements over 65-nanometer Core 2 CPUs include a new divider with reduced latency, a new shuffle engine, and SSE4.1 instructions (some of which are enabled by the new single-cycle shuffle engine). Maximum L2 cache size per chip was increased from 4 to 6 MB, with L2 associativity increased from 16-way to 24-way. Cut-down versions with 3 MB L2 also exist, which are commonly called Penryn-3M and Wolfdale-3M as well as Yorkfield-6M, respectively. The single-core version of Penryn, listed as Penryn-L here, is not a sepa ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
45 Nanometer
Per the International Technology Roadmap for Semiconductors, the 45 nm process is a MOSFET technology node referring to the average half-pitch of a memory cell manufactured at around the 2007–2008 time frame. Matsushita and Intel started mass-producing 45 nm chips in late 2007, and AMD started production of 45 nm chips in late 2008, while IBM, Infineon, Samsung, and Chartered Semiconductor have already completed a common 45 nm process platform. At the end of 2008, SMIC was the first China-based semiconductor company to move to 45 nm, having licensed the bulk 45 nm process from IBM. In 2008, TSMC moved on to a 40nm process. Many critical feature sizes are smaller than the wavelength of light used for lithography (i.e., 193 nm and 248 nm). A variety of techniques, such as larger lenses, are used to make sub-wavelength features. Double patterning has also been introduced to assist in shrinking distances between features, especially if dry lit ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nehalem (microarchitecture)
Nehalem is the codename for Intel's 45 nm microarchitecture released in November 2008. It was used in the first-generation of the Intel Core i5 and i7 processors, and succeeds the older Core microarchitecture used on Core 2 processors. The term "Nehalem" comes from the Nehalem River. Nehalem is built on the 45 nm process, is able to run at higher clock speeds, and is more energy-efficient than Penryn microprocessors. Hyper-threading is reintroduced, along with a reduction in L2 cache size, as well as an enlarged L3 cache that is shared among all cores. Nehalem is an architecture that differs radically from Netburst, while retaining some of the latter's minor features. Nehalem later received a die-shrink to 32 nm with Westmere, and was fully succeeded by "second-generation" Sandy Bridge in January 2011. Technology * Cache line block on L2/L3 cache was reduced from 128 bytes in Netburst & Conroe/Penryn to 64 bytes per line in this generation (same size as Yonah and Pe ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
List Of Intel Pentium Dual-Core Microprocessors
The Intel Pentium brand is a line of mainstream x86-architecture microprocessors from Intel. Processors branded Pentium Processor with MMX Technology (and referred to as Pentium MMX for brevity) are also listed here. Desktop processors P5 based Pentiums "P5" (0.8 μm) * Based on P5 * Steppings: B1, C1, D1 "P54C" (0.6 μm) * Based on P5 microarchitecture "P54CQS" (0.35 μm or 0.6 μm) * Based on P5 microarchitecture "P54CS" (0.35 μm) * Based on P5 microarchitecture "P55C" (0.35 μm) * Based on P5 microarchitecture P6 based Pentiums Desktop processors based on the P6 microarchitecture were marketed as Pentium Pro, Pentium II and Pentium III, as well as variations of these names. NetBurst based Pentiums Desktop processors based on the NetBurst microarchitecture were marketed as Pentium 4 and Pentium D. Core based Pentiums Earlier E5xxx desktop processors based on the Core microarchitecture were marketed as Pentium ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pentium
Pentium is a brand used for a series of x86 architecture-compatible microprocessors produced by Intel. The original Pentium processor from which the brand took its name was first released on March 22, 1993. After that, the Pentium II and Pentium III were released. In their form , Pentium processors are considered entry-level products that Intel rates as "two stars", meaning that they are above the low-end Atom and Celeron series, but below the faster Intel Core lineup, and workstation/server Xeon series. , Pentium processors have little more than their name in common with earlier Pentiums, which were Intel's flagship processor for over a decade until the introduction of the Intel Core line in 2006. They are based on both the architecture used in Atom and that of Core processors. In the case of Atom architectures, Pentiums are the highest performance implementations of the architecture. Pentium processors with Core architectures prior to 2017 were distinguished from the fast ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Wolfdale (microprocessor)
Wolfdale is the code name for a processor from Intel that is sold in varying configurations as Core 2 Duo, Celeron, Pentium and Xeon. In Intel's Tick-Tock cycle, the 2007/2008 "Tick" was Penryn microarchitecture, the shrink of the Core microarchitecture to 45 nanometers as CPUID model 23. This replaced the Conroe processor with ''Wolfdale''. The Wolfdale chips come in four sizes, with 6 MB and 3 MB L2 cache (Core 2 Duo); the smaller version is commonly called Wolfdale-3M, 2 MB L2 (Pentium), and 1 MB L2 (Celeron). The mobile version of Wolfdale is Penryn and the dual-socket server version is Wolfdale-DP. The Yorkfield desktop processor is a quad-core Multi-chip module of Wolfdale. Wolfdale was replaced by Nehalem based Clarkdale and its Sandy Bridge successor. Variants Wolfdale Wolfdale is the codename for the E8000 series of Core 2 Duo desktop processors and the Xeon 3100 server processor family. Released on January 20, 2008, the chips are manufactured using a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
List Of Intel Pentium Microprocessors
The Intel Pentium brand is a line of mainstream x86-architecture microprocessors from Intel. Processors branded Pentium Processor with MMX Technology (and referred to as Pentium MMX for brevity) are also listed here. Desktop processors P5 based Pentiums "P5" (0.8 μm) * Based on P5 * Steppings: B1, C1, D1 "P54C" (0.6 μm) * Based on P5 microarchitecture "P54CQS" (0.35 μm or 0.6 μm) * Based on P5 microarchitecture "P54CS" (0.35 μm) * Based on P5 microarchitecture "P55C" (0.35 μm) * Based on P5 microarchitecture P6 based Pentiums Desktop processors based on the P6 microarchitecture were marketed as Pentium Pro, Pentium II and Pentium III, as well as variations of these names. NetBurst based Pentiums Desktop processors based on the NetBurst microarchitecture were marketed as Pentium 4 and Pentium D. Core based Pentiums Earlier E5xxx desktop processors based on the Core microarchitecture were marketed as Pentium ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pentium Dual-Core
The Pentium Dual-Core brand was used for mainstream x86-architecture microprocessors from Intel from 2006 to 2009 when it was renamed to Pentium. The processors are based on either the 32-bit '' Yonah'' or (with quite different microarchitectures) 64-bit '' Merom-2M'', '' Allendale'', and '' Wolfdale-3M'' core, targeted at mobile or desktop computers. In terms of features, price, and performance at a given clock frequency, Pentium Dual-Core processors were positioned above Celeron but below Core and Core 2 processors in Intel's product range. The Pentium Dual-Core was also a very popular choice for overclocking, as it can deliver high performance (when overclocked) at a low price. Processor cores In 2006, Intel announced a plan to return the Pentium trademark from retirement to the market, as a moniker of low-cost Core microarchitecture processors based on the single-core Conroe-L but with 1 MB of cache. The identification numbers for those planned Pentiums were similar to th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
List Of Intel Celeron Microprocessors
A ''list'' is any set of items in a row. List or lists may also refer to: People * List (surname) Organizations * List College, an undergraduate division of the Jewish Theological Seminary of America * SC Germania List, German rugby union club Other uses * Angle of list, the leaning to either port or starboard of a ship * List (information), an ordered collection of pieces of information ** List (abstract data type), a method to organize data in computer science * List on Sylt, previously called List, the northernmost village in Germany, on the island of Sylt * ''List'', an alternative term for ''roll'' in flight dynamics * To ''list'' a building, etc., in the UK it means to designate it a listed building that may not be altered without permission * Lists (jousting), the barriers used to designate the tournament area where medieval knights jousted * ''The Book of Lists'', an American series of books with unusual lists See also * The List (other) * Listing (di ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Celeron
Celeron is Intel's brand name for low-end IA-32 and x86-64 computer microprocessor models targeted at low-cost personal computers. Celeron processors are compatible with IA-32 IA-32 (short for "Intel Architecture, 32-bit", commonly called i386) is the 32-bit version of the x86 instruction set architecture, designed by Intel and first implemented in the 80386 microprocessor in 1985. IA-32 is the first incarnation of ... software. They typically offer less performance per clock speed compared to flagship Intel CPU lines, such as the Pentium or Intel Core (microarchitecture), Core brands. Celeron branded processors often have less CPU cache, cache or intentionally disabled advanced features, with variable impact on performance. While some Celeron designs have achieved strong performance for their segment, most of the Celeron line has exhibited noticeably degraded performance. This has been the primary Market segmentation, justification for the higher cost of other Intel CPU ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
List Of Intel Core 2 Microprocessors
The Core 2 brand refers to Intel's x86 and x86-64 processors with the Core microarchitecture made for the consumer and business markets (except servers) above Pentium. The Core 2 Solo branch covered single-core CPUs for notebook computers, Core 2 Duo – dual-core CPUs for desktop and notebook computers, Core 2 Quad – quad-core CPUs for desktop and notebook computers, and Core 2 Extreme – dual-core and quad-core CPUs for desktop and notebook computers. Desktop processors Dual-Core Desktop processors Core 2 Duo = "Allendale" (65 nm, 800 MT/s) = *All models support: '' MMX, SSE, SSE2, SSE3, SSSE3, Enhanced Intel SpeedStep Technology (EIST), Intel 64, XD bit (an NX bit implementation), Intel Active Management Technology (iAMT2)'' * Die size: 111 mm2 * Steppings: L2, M0, G0 Note: The M0 and G0 Steppings have better optimizations to lower idle power consumption from 12W to 8W. Note: The E4700 uses G0 Stepping which makes it a Conroe CPU. = "Conroe" ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Core 2 Solo
Intel Core is a line of streamlined midrange consumer, workstation and enthusiast computer central processing units (CPUs) marketed by Intel Corporation. These processors displaced the existing mid- to high-end Pentium processors at the time of their introduction, moving the Pentium to the entry level. Identical or more capable versions of Core processors are also sold as Xeon processors for the server and workstation markets. The lineup of Core processors includes the Intel Core i3, Intel Core i5, Intel Core i7, and Intel Core i9, along with the X-series of Intel Core CPUs. Outline Although Intel Core is a brand that promises no internal consistency or continuity, the processors within this family have been, for the most part, broadly similar. The first products receiving this designation were the Core Solo and Core Duo Yonah processors for mobile from the Pentium M design tree, fabricated at 65 nm and brought to market in January 2006. These are substantially differ ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Penryn (microprocessor)
Penryn is the code name of a processor from Intel that is sold in varying configurations as Core 2 Solo, Core 2 Duo, Core 2 Quad, Pentium and Celeron. During development, Penryn was the Intel code name for the 2007/2008 "Tick" of Intel's Tick-Tock cycle which shrunk Merom to 45 nanometers as CPUID model 23. The term "Penryn" is sometimes used to refer to all 45 nm chips with the Core architecture. Chips with Penryn architecture come in two sizes, with 6 MB and 3 MB L2 cache. Low power versions of Penryn are known as the Penryn-L; these are single-core processors. The Penryn-QC quad-cores are made from two chips with two cores and 6 MB of cache per chip. The desktop version of Penryn is Wolfdale and the dual-socket server version is Wolfdale-DP. Penryn-QC is related to Yorkfield on the desktop and Harpertown in servers. The MP server Dunnington chip is a more distant relative based on a different chip but using the same 45 nm Core microarchitecture. Penryn w ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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