Parc Clichy-Batignolles – Martin-Luther-King
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Parc Clichy-Batignolles – Martin-Luther-King
The Parc Clichy-Batignolles or Parc Clichy-Batignolles - Martin Luther King is a green space in Paris' 17th arrondissement (district). It is part of the urban development project, which started in 2001, transforming of land formerly occupied by freight yards for the French railway company SNCF. The name of the park is derived from: proximity to the site of a nineteenth century Porte de Clichy, a gate in Paris' Thiers wall that opened to the commune of Clichy, Hauts-de-Seine; proximity to the former SNCF Batignolles station; and a tribute to the legacy of slain civil rights leader Martin Luther King Jr. Within the larger Clichy Batignolles project, the Parc Clichy-Batignolles - Martin Luther King will eventually cover , of which had been opened to the public by 2014. When finished (scheduled for around 2015), it will be the largest green space in the 17th arrondissement, as well as the 8th largest park in Paris. Access As of 2014, the park has six entrance points from adjacent ...
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Paris
Paris () is the capital and most populous city of France, with an estimated population of 2,165,423 residents in 2019 in an area of more than 105 km² (41 sq mi), making it the 30th most densely populated city in the world in 2020. Since the 17th century, Paris has been one of the world's major centres of finance, diplomacy, commerce, fashion, gastronomy, and science. For its leading role in the arts and sciences, as well as its very early system of street lighting, in the 19th century it became known as "the City of Light". Like London, prior to the Second World War, it was also sometimes called the capital of the world. The City of Paris is the centre of the ÃŽle-de-France region, or Paris Region, with an estimated population of 12,262,544 in 2019, or about 19% of the population of France, making the region France's primate city. The Paris Region had a GDP of €739 billion ($743 billion) in 2019, which is the highest in Europe. According to the Economist Intelli ...
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Porte De Clichy (Paris Métro And RER)
Porte de Clichy () is a station on Line 13 and Line 14 of the Paris Métro and RER C, as well as a stop on Île-de-France tramway Line 3b. Located in the 17th arrondissement, the Métro station is situated on the northwestern branch of Line 13, under the Avenue de Clichy. It serves the Tribunal de grande instance de Paris. History The station opened 20 January 1912 with the inauguration of the second branch of Line B of the Nord-Sud Company from La Fourche. On 27 March 1931, Line B became Line 13 of the Métro network. The station remained the line's terminus until 3 May 1980, when the extension to Gabriel Péri opened. As such, a loop track is provided at the northern end of the station for trains to terminate and return towards central Paris. The RER station opened on 29 September 1991. The station is named after the ''Porte de Clichy'', a gate in the nineteenth century Thiers wall of Paris, which led to Clichy. On 24 November 2018, the Île-de-France tramway Line 3b wa ...
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Rainwater Harvesting
Rainwater harvesting (RWH) is the collection and storage of rain, rather than allowing it to run off. Rainwater is collected from a roof-like surface and redirected to a tank, cistern, deep pit (well, shaft, or borehole), aquifer, or a reservoir with percolation, so that it seeps down and restores the ground water. Dew and fog can also be collected with nets or other tools. Rainwater harvesting differs from stormwater harvesting as the runoff is typically collected from roofs and other surfaces for storage and subsequent reuse. Its uses include watering gardens, livestock, irrigation, domestic use with proper treatment, and domestic heating. The harvested water can also be committed to longer-term storage or groundwater recharge. Rainwater harvesting is one of the simplest and oldest methods of self-supply of water for households, having been used in South Asia and other countries for many thousands of years. Installations can be designed for different scales including households ...
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Wind Turbine
A wind turbine is a device that converts the kinetic energy of wind into electrical energy. Hundreds of thousands of large turbines, in installations known as wind farms, now generate over 650 gigawatts of power, with 60 GW added each year. Wind turbines are an increasingly important source of intermittent renewable energy, and are used in many countries to lower energy costs and reduce reliance on fossil fuels. One study claimed that, wind had the "lowest relative greenhouse gas emissions, the least water consumption demands and the most favorable social impacts" compared to photovoltaic, hydro, geothermal, coal and gas energy sources. Smaller wind turbines are used for applications such as battery charging for auxiliary power for boats or caravans, and to power traffic warning signs. Larger turbines can contribute to a domestic power supply while selling unused power back to the utility supplier via the electrical grid. Wind turbines are manufactured in a wide range of ...
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Solar Panel
A solar cell panel, solar electric panel, photo-voltaic (PV) module, PV panel or solar panel is an assembly of photovoltaic solar cells mounted in a (usually rectangular) frame, and a neatly organised collection of PV panels is called a photovoltaic system or solar array. Solar panels capture sunlight as a source of radiant energy, which is converted into electric energy in the form of direct current (DC) electricity. Arrays of a photovoltaic system can be used to generate solar electricity that supplies electrical equipment directly, or grid-connected photovoltaic system, feeds power back into an alternate current (AC) electric grid, grid via an solar inverter, inverter system. History In 1839, the ability of some materials to create an electrical charge from light exposure was first observed by the French physicist Edmond Becquerel. Though these initial solar panels were too inefficient for even simple electric devices, they were used as an instrument to measure light. ...
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ÃŽle-de-France Tramway Lines 3a And 3b
Île-de-France tramway Lines 3a and 3b ( French: ''Lignes 3a et 3b du tramway d'Île-de-France'') are the first modern tramway in Paris proper since the 1937 closure of the previous comparable system. They are operated by the RATP (''Régie autonome des transports parisiens'') and divided into two sections called T3a and T3b. The line is also known as the ''Tramway des Maréchaux'' because it follows the Boulevards of the Marshals, a series of boulevards that encircle Paris along the route of the former Thiers Wall (built from 1841 to 1844). The boulevards are, with three exceptions, named for Napoleon's First Empire marshals (''maréchaux''); they were transformed by redevelopment works carried out during the two and a half year construction of the line, which opened on 16 December 2006 under the designation T3. The line initially ran in its own section of these boulevards' roadway between the 15th and 13th arrondissements, allowing it to connect the Pont du Garigliano and Port ...
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Tramways In ÃŽle-de-France
The Île-de-France tramways (french: Tramways d'Île-de-France) consists of a network of modern tram lines in the Île-de-France region of France. Eleven lines are currently operational (counting Lines 3a and 3b as separate lines), with extensions and additional lines in the planning and construction stage. Although the system mainly runs in the suburban regions of Paris, lines T3a and T3b run entirely within Paris city limits, and line T2 also does so for part of its route. While the lines operate independently of each other and are generally unconnected, some connections do exist: between lines T2 and T3a (at the Porte de Versailles station, since 2009), T3a and T3b (at the Porte de Vincennes station, since 2012), T1 and T5 (at the Marché de Saint-Denis station, since 2013), T1 and T8 (at the Saint-Denis train station, since 2014) and T8 and T11 Express (at two stations : Villetaneuse-Université and Épinay-sur-Seine, since 2009). However, the final design of the entire pla ...
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Brochant (Paris Métro)
Brochant () is a station on Line 13 of the Paris Métro. Located in the 17th arrondissement, it is situated under the Avenue de Clichy at Rue Brochant, from which the station derives its name. It is part of the line's northwestern branch toward Les Courtilles, and is the only station of the line that has the ''Dir-on Porte de Clichy'' inscription at the north end of the station. Location The station is located under Avenue de Clichy, north-west of the intersection of Rue Brochant. Oriented along a north-west/south-east axis and located on the branch towards Les Courtilles, it is positioned between the Porte de Clichy and La Fourche metro stations, the latter marking the beginning of a shared trunk line. History The station opened 20 January 1912 with the inauguration of the second branch of Line B of the Nord-Sud Company from La Fourche to Porte de Clichy. On 27 March 1931, line B became line 13 following the absorption of the Nord-Sud Company on 1 January 1930 by its competit ...
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Paris Métro
The Paris Métro (french: Métro de Paris ; short for Métropolitain ) is a rapid transit system in the Paris metropolitan area, France. A symbol of the Paris, city, it is known for its density within the capital's territorial limits, uniform architecture and Paris Métro entrances by Hector Guimard, unique entrances influenced by Art Nouveau. It is mostly underground and long. It has 308 stations, of which 64 have transfers between lines. The Montmartre funicular is considered to be part of the metro system, within which is represented by a 303rd fictive station "Funiculaire". There are 16 lines (with an additional four Grand Paris Express, under construction), numbered 1 to 14, with two lines, Paris Métro Line 3bis, 3bis and Paris Métro Line 7bis, 7bis, named because they started out as branches of Paris Métro Line 3, Line 3 and Paris Métro Line 7, Line 7 respectively. Paris Métro Line 1, Line 1 and Paris Métro Line 14, Line 14 are List of automated train systems, automat ...
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17th Arrondissement Of Paris
The 17th arrondissement of Paris (''XVIIe arrondissement'') is one of the 20 arrondissements of the capital city of France. In spoken French, it is referred to as ''le dix-septième'' (; "the seventeenth"). The arrondissement, known as Batignolles-Monceau, is situated on the right bank of the River Seine. In 2019, it had a population of 166,543. It borders the inner suburbs of Neuilly-sur-Seine, Levallois-Perret and Clichy in Hauts-de-Seine to the northwest, as well as Saint-Ouen-sur-Seine in Seine-Saint-Denis to the northeast. Geography The land area of the 17th arrondissement is 5.669 km2 (2.189 sq. miles, or 1,401 acres). Situated on the right bank (Rive Droite) of the River Seine, it is divided into four administrative districts: Ternes and Monceau in the southwestern part, two upper-class districts which are more Haussmannian in style; in the middle of the arrondissement, the Batignolles district, an area mostly occupied by young families or couples, with a marked ...
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Martin Luther King Jr
Martin Luther King Jr. (born Michael King Jr.; January 15, 1929 â€“ April 4, 1968) was an American Baptist minister and activist, one of the most prominent leaders in the civil rights movement from 1955 until his assassination in 1968. An African American church leader and the son of early civil rights activist and minister Martin Luther King Sr., King advanced civil rights for people of color in the United States through nonviolence and civil disobedience. Inspired by his Christian beliefs and the nonviolent activism of Mahatma Gandhi, he led targeted, nonviolent resistance against Jim Crow laws and other forms of discrimination. King participated in and led marches for the right to vote, desegregation, labor rights, and other civil rights. He oversaw the 1955 Montgomery bus boycott and later became the first president of the Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC). As president of the SCLC, he led the unsuccessful Albany Movement in Albany, ...
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