Papilio Demolion
''Papilio demolion'', the banded swallowtail, is a species of swallowtail butterfly belonging to the family Papilionidae. Subspecies Subspecies include: *''Papilio demolion demolion'' Cramer, 1776 *''Papilio demolion energetes'' Fruhstorfer, 1908 *''Papilio demolion delostenus'' Rothschild, 1908 Distribution and habitat This species is present in Brunei, Cambodia, Laos, Singapore, Thailand and Vietnam. These butterflies mainly inhabit nature reserves, wastelands, mangrove areas and offshore islands. Description ''Papilio demolion'' has a wingspan of . Male upperside is brownish black. Forewings and hindwings are crossed by a broad prominent oblique pale greenish or yellowish-white band that commences just before the middle of the dorsal margin of the hindwing, crosses over on to the forewing and is continued as a series of spots that diminish in size in the upper interspaces to the apex of that wing. On the hindwing this is followed by a subterminal series of similarly colour ...
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Pieter Cramer
Pieter Cramer (21 May 1721 (baptized) – 28 September 1776), was a wealthy Dutch merchant in linen and Spanish wool, remembered as an entomologist. Cramer was the director of the Zealand Society, a scientific society located in Flushing, and a member of ''Concordia et Libertate'', based in Amsterdam. This literary and patriotic society, where Cramer gave lectures on minerals, commissioned and/or financed the publishing of his book ''De uitlandsche Kapellen'', on foreign (exotic) butterflies, occurring in three parts of the world Asia, Africa and America. Cramer assembled an extensive natural history collection that included seashells, petrifications, fossils and insects of all orders. Many were colourful butterflies and moths (Lepidoptera), collected in countries where the Dutch had colonial or trading links, such as Surinam, Ceylon, Sierra Leone and the Dutch East Indies. Cramer decided to get a permanent record of his collection and so engaged the painter Gerrit Wartenaar ...
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Luvunga Crassifolia
''Luvunga'' is an Asian genus of plants in the family Rutaceae: tribe Citreae. Species The Catalogue of Life lists: * '' Luvunga angustifolia'' * '' Luvunga borneensis'' * '' Luvunga calophylla'' * ''Luvunga crassifolia'' * '' Luvunga eleutherandra'' * '' Luvunga minutiflora'' * ''Luvunga monophylla'' * ''Luvunga motleyi'' * ''Luvunga nitida'' * ''Luvunga papuana'' * ''Luvunga philippinensis'' * ''Luvunga sarmentosa'' * ''Luvunga scandens'' * ''Luvunga tavoyana ''Luvunga'' is an Asian genus of plants in the family Rutaceae: tribe Citreae. Species The Catalogue of Life lists: * '' Luvunga angustifolia'' * '' Luvunga borneensis'' * '' Luvunga calophylla'' * ''Luvunga crassifolia'' * '' Luvunga eleuthera ...'' References External links * {{Taxonbar, from=Q9025619 Aurantioideae genera Aurantioideae Flora of Indo-China Flora of Malesia Flora of Australia ...
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Butterflies Of Singapore
Butterflies are insects in the macrolepidopteran clade Rhopalocera from the order Lepidoptera, which also includes moths. Adult butterflies have large, often brightly coloured wings, and conspicuous, fluttering flight. The group comprises the large superfamily Papilionoidea, which contains at least one former group, the skippers (formerly the superfamily "Hesperioidea"), and the most recent analyses suggest it also contains the moth-butterflies (formerly the superfamily "Hedyloidea"). Butterfly fossils date to the Paleocene, about 56 million years ago. Butterflies have a four-stage life cycle, as like most insects they undergo complete metamorphosis. Winged adults lay eggs on the food plant on which their larvae, known as caterpillars, will feed. The caterpillars grow, sometimes very rapidly, and when fully developed, pupate in a chrysalis. When metamorphosis is complete, the pupal skin splits, the adult insect climbs out, and after its wings have expanded and dried, it fli ...
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Butterflies Of Indochina
Butterflies are insects in the macrolepidopteran clade Rhopalocera from the order Lepidoptera, which also includes moths. Adult butterflies have large, often brightly coloured wings, and conspicuous, fluttering flight. The group comprises the large superfamily Papilionoidea, which contains at least one former group, the skippers (formerly the superfamily "Hesperioidea"), and the most recent analyses suggest it also contains the moth-butterflies (formerly the superfamily "Hedyloidea"). Butterfly fossils date to the Paleocene, about 56 million years ago. Butterflies have a four-stage life cycle, as like most insects they undergo complete metamorphosis. Winged adults lay eggs on the food plant on which their larvae, known as caterpillars, will feed. The caterpillars grow, sometimes very rapidly, and when fully developed, pupate in a chrysalis. When metamorphosis is complete, the pupal skin splits, the adult insect climbs out, and after its wings have expanded and dried, it flie ...
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Butterflies Described In 1776
Butterflies are insects in the macrolepidopteran clade Rhopalocera from the order Lepidoptera, which also includes moths. Adult butterflies have large, often brightly coloured wings, and conspicuous, fluttering flight. The group comprises the large superfamily Papilionoidea, which contains at least one former group, the skippers (formerly the superfamily "Hesperioidea"), and the most recent analyses suggest it also contains the moth-butterflies (formerly the superfamily "Hedyloidea"). Butterfly fossils date to the Paleocene, about 56 million years ago. Butterflies have a four-stage life cycle, as like most insects they undergo complete metamorphosis. Winged adults lay eggs on the food plant on which their larvae, known as caterpillars, will feed. The caterpillars grow, sometimes very rapidly, and when fully developed, pupate in a chrysalis. When metamorphosis is complete, the pupal skin splits, the adult insect climbs out, and after its wings have expanded and dried, it fli ...
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Papilio
''Papilio'' is a genus in the swallowtail butterfly family, Papilionidae, as well as the only representative of the tribe Papilionini. The word ''papilio'' is Latin for butterfly. It includes the common yellow swallowtail (''Papilio machaon''), which is widespread in the Northern Hemisphere and the type species of the genus, as well as a number of other well-known North American species such as the western tiger swallowtail ('' Papilio rutulus''). Familiar species elsewhere in the world include the Mormons ('' Papilio polytes'', '' Papilio polymnestor'', '' Papilio memnon'', and '' Papilio deiphobus'') in Asia, the orchard and Ulysses swallowtails in Australia (''Papilio aegeus'', '' Papilio ulysses'', respectively) and the citrus swallowtail of Africa (''Papilio demodocus''). Older classifications of the swallowtails tended to use many rather small genera. More recent classifications have been more conservative, and as a result a number of former genera are now absorbed within ...
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Rutaceae
The Rutaceae is a family, commonly known as the rueRUTACEAE
in BoDD – Botanical Dermatology Database or family, of s, usually placed in the order . Species of the family generally have s that divide into four or five parts, usually w ...
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Acronychia Pedunculata
''Acronychia pedunculata'' is a large shrub or small tree of the understory, gaps and fringes of low country and lower hill tropical forests of tropical Asia. Description Leaves: elliptic to suboblong, often with tapered base. Twigs more or less angular, glabrous. Flowers: greenish white; I-acillary, corymbose panicles, about across in inflorescences of wide. Flowering: February–April, July–August. The fruits are cream to brownish yellow drupes, slightly angled, in diameter with a short apiculate tip. Leaves and fruits, and other parts of the plant, contain aromatic oils with a resinous scent. In Sri Lanka, the flowering time is February–April and July–August. Distribution South and Southeast Asia from India & Sri Lanka to South China & Taiwan, Indochina, Malesia & Papua New Guinea. Local names * * * Nepali: Paolay * Assamese: Laojan * Tamil & Malayalam: Mutta-nari Uses Extracts of its leaves, bark, stems and fruits are widely used in herbal medicinal ap ...
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Melicope Lunu-ankenda
''Euodia lunuankenda'' is a species of plant in the family Rutaceae The Rutaceae is a family, commonly known as the rueRUTACEAE
in BoDD – Botanical Derm ...

Luvunga Scandens
''Luvunga'' is an Asian genus of plants in the family Rutaceae: tribe Citreae. Species The Catalogue of Life lists: * '' Luvunga angustifolia'' * '' Luvunga borneensis'' * '' Luvunga calophylla'' * ''Luvunga crassifolia'' * '' Luvunga eleutherandra'' * '' Luvunga minutiflora'' * ''Luvunga monophylla'' * ''Luvunga motleyi'' * ''Luvunga nitida'' * ''Luvunga papuana'' * ''Luvunga philippinensis'' * ''Luvunga sarmentosa'' * ''Luvunga scandens'' * ''Luvunga tavoyana ''Luvunga'' is an Asian genus of plants in the family Rutaceae: tribe Citreae. Species The Catalogue of Life lists: * '' Luvunga angustifolia'' * '' Luvunga borneensis'' * '' Luvunga calophylla'' * ''Luvunga crassifolia'' * '' Luvunga eleuthera ...'' References External links * {{Taxonbar, from=Q9025619 Aurantioideae genera Aurantioideae Flora of Indo-China Flora of Malesia Flora of Australia ...
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Citrus
''Citrus'' is a genus of flowering plant, flowering trees and shrubs in the rue family, Rutaceae. Plants in the genus produce citrus fruits, including important crops such as Orange (fruit), oranges, Lemon, lemons, grapefruits, pomelos, and lime (fruit), limes. The genus ''Citrus'' is native to South Asia, East Asia, Southeast Asia, Melanesia, and Australia (continent), Australia. Various citrus species have been used and domesticated by indigenous cultures in these areas since ancient times. From there its cultivation spread into Micronesia and Polynesia by the Austronesian expansion (c. 3000–1500 BCE); and to the Middle East and the Mediterranean (c. 1200 BCE) via the incense trade route, and onwards to Europe and the Americas. History Citrus plants are native to subtropical and tropical regions of Asia, Island Southeast Asia, Near Oceania, and northeastern Australia. Domestication of citrus species involved much hybridization and introgression, leaving much uncertainty ab ...
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Swallowtail Butterfly
Swallowtail butterflies are large, colorful butterflies in the family Papilionidae, and include over 550 species. Though the majority are tropical, members of the family inhabit every continent except Antarctica. The family includes the largest butterflies in the world, the birdwing butterflies of the genus '' Ornithoptera''. Swallowtails have a number of distinctive features; for example, the papilionid caterpillar bears a repugnatorial organ called the osmeterium on its prothorax. The osmeterium normally remains hidden, but when threatened, the larva turns it outward through a transverse dorsal groove by inflating it with fluid. The forked appearance in some of the swallowtails' hindwings, which can be seen when the butterfly is resting with its wings spread, gave rise to the common name ''swallowtail''. As for its formal name, Linnaeus chose ''Papilio'' for the type genus, as ''papilio'' is Latin for "butterfly". For the specific epithets of the genus, Linnaeus applied ...
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